Neri L. Ackles NERI L. ACKLES. - A man of broad experience in the business world, gained by practical contact with the different lines of enterprise in the northwest, the subject of this sketch is to-day one of Union county's prominent and capable farmers and stockmen, whose ability has wrought for the advancement of the welfare of all, while he has prosecuted with vigor the industries that have come to his hand, gaining the reward of wisely bestowed labor in the land of resources and fertility. In Linn county, Missouri, Neri L. first saw the light and July 30, 1860, was the time of this important event in his career, while his parents are George and Louisa I. (Walker) Ackles, who essayed the tedious and dangerous journey across barren and heated plains and rugged and hard mountains to find a home place in this western land, in 1865, bringing their family with them. They came direct to the Grande Ronde valley and the father purchased a squatter's right to a quarter section and homesteaded it and settled down to build a home from the raw land. Our subject received his first educational training from the primitive country schools and then matriculated at the Blue Mountain University, from which he took his degree in June, 1881. At that time he returned to his father's farm and spent one year there and then repaired to Umatilla, where he bought a farm well improved and for eight years he was numbered with the leading agriculturists of that county when he sold out and went to Blaine, Washington, and took a contract to carry the mail from Whatcom to Blaine. After four months he sold the business and went to work for the Northwestern Mail and Transportation Company and from 1894 to 1898 he carried the mail from Orondo to Lake Chelan. Subsequent to the expiration of this period, he removed to Lewiston, Idaho, and there engaged in farming for two years, after which he came to the father's farm in Union county, where he now resides, three miles north and one and one-half miles east from Lagrande. He has three hundred and twenty acres which is farmed to the cereals and he also raises fruit. He also engages in dairying and handles these industries in a skillful manner. He residence is fine and the barns and outbuildings are commodious and substantial, while the estate is skillfully handled. On December 25, 1891, the marriage of Mr. Ackles and Miss Alice, daughter of T.J. and Ann (Coyle) Kirk, was solemnized and three children are the fruit of this union. Thomas L., deceased, Elsie A., and Ruth E. Mrs. Ackles was born in Linn county, at Brownsville, this state, on September 1, 1864. In political matters, our subject has always allied himself with the Republican party and he has taken an active part in this commendable field for years. He is also a member of the I.O.O.F. and of the W. of W. His wife is a member of the Rebekahs. Our subject and his estimable wife are valuable members of society and they are esteemed by all who know them. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 367, 368 Back to top of page JAMES G. ANSON JAMES G. ANSON-Enterprising, industrious and capable, the young man of whom we now have the pleasure to speak is eminently worth of a place in the history of Union county, since he has shown in the years in which he has striven here that he is made of material which is bound to win success and since he has also shown that he is possessed of the sagacity and energy that is capable of grappling with the problems of life that are to be met with here in his native place. And especially, it is pleasant to recount the career of one who has been born in the county and has here spent his life, gaining here also his prestige and accumulating his holdings within its precincts. James G. is the son of Joseph Anson and was born in Island City on the old parental homestead on February 16, 1875. The common schools furnished the educational training that he received, which he gained in the winters, his summers being spent in assisting his father on the latter’s farm. This continued until he had arrived at his eighteenth year, then he spent two years more working his father’s farm and in herding. He rented his father’s cattle, one hundred and twenty-five in number, and for four years gave himself to the attention of them and then he had gained fifty for himself. At this critical time an unknown disease swept away many of the cattle of the county and our subject sold his fifty for twenty dollars per head and invested the money in land where he now lives. He owns there one-quarter section and for this he paid two thousand, six hundred and sixty dollars, and in 1899 he settled upon it and took up the life of an agriculturist. He handles some stock, having a small herd of dairy cows and other stock as the farm demands. His farm is mostly given to small grain, and he has also a good orchard and comfortable improvements. In 1897 Mr. Anson married Miss Ethel; daughter of William S. and Malissa M. (Hedgecock) Ragain, and they have become the parents of one child, William Lloyd Anson, born November 13, 1899. Mrs. Anson was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1878, and the family removed to White Hill, where she was educated. Mr. Anson is active and interested in the local affairs of the county and as becomes the intelligent citizen he is ever ready to take his part in the political questions of the day, being allied with the Republican party. Mr. and Mrs. Anson are highly esteemed and respected members of society and are worthy residents of our county, where they make a valuable addition to her population. Taken from "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Page 400 Back to top of page JOSEPH ANSON. - Across the waters of the Atlantic came the subject of this sketch to make for himself a home and a name in the foster land of his choice. Here he has done nobly in the endeavors of his life, and while he has demonstrated an ability that is commendable in the affairs of business, and uprightness and integrity in all of his ways, he has also shown in an emphatic manner his love for his country, by taking up the weapons of warfare to defend the flag and preserve intact the Union, when the dark days of fratricidal strife seemed to be portending the destruction of Freedom's institutions. At such a crisis our subject came to the front and joined his hand to the many who stood faithfully through the long struggle for principles of government and stability. Joseph Anson was born in Staffordshire, England, on August 15, 1837, and ten years later, in company with his parents, he crossed the deep and settled in Baltimore, Maryland. From there the family went to Newark, New Jersey, whence six months later they went to Medina, Ohio. In these various places our subject attended the schools and gained a good education. In 1856 they went to Quasqueton, Iowa, and there he continued the educational discipline for some years longer, working during the summers. At the beginning of the war he was stirred to action and was among the first to offer his services in the Civil war, enlisting in Company E., Fifth Iowa Infantry. For a time he was under General Pope and he did service at the siege of Corinth; was in the battle of Iuka, then went to the Vicksburg camps, fought in the battle of Missionary Ridge, and was in the Atlanta campaign. He was transferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry and sent to Louisville to remount. Following this he was in Tennessee in the campaign under General Wilson, known as Wilson's Cavalry Corps, and here he did service until the close of the war. Being mustered out with an honorable and excellent record, he returned to Iowa, whence he soon came to Union county, Oregon, making the entire trip with the ox teams of the day. He had a brother in this county, who had made the trip in 1862, and was one of the earliest pioneers of our county. Our subject at once took a homestead, and began general farming and stock-raising. He added eighty acres to his home place and in 1872 turned his attention mainly to stock. He was numbered with the leading stockmen of the county until three years since, when he sold the bands and herds and retained only enough to handle his estate successfully. In October, 1865, Mr. Anson married Miss Angela R., daughter of John Newell, and to them have been born five children as follows: Minnie, Newell, Nellie, J. Orlin and James. All of the children are married, three living in Union county, one in California and one in Lake View, Oregon. In political matters Mr. Anson is allied with the Republicans, and he has always taken part of a good citizen in the affairs of government. Fraternally he is affiliated with the I.O.O.F., having passed all the chairs and now hold the position of district deputy patriarch. In 1872 Mrs. Anson passed from the labors of life and the loved ones of her home. In March, 1900, Mr. Anson contracted a second marriage, the lady of his choice being Mrs. Annie G. Sparks, of Pendleton. Mr. Anson is esteemed by all who know him and has made a record of worthy achievement and upright demeanor, ever manifesting unswerving integrity and sound principles. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 311, 312 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page NEWEL H. ANSON. - Among the younger men of Union county who are rising to take the places that are being vacated by the worthy pioneers who are going one by one to the "bourne whence no traveler returns," mention must be made of the industrious and vigorous agriculturist and stockman whose name is placed at the head of this article, since he has demonstrated in personal endeavor the qualities of which he is composed to be those of stanch and sturdy grain and of a very high order, while also his moral attributes are quite commensurate with his commendable record in achievement in the county. On the old parental homestead near Island City, on January 26, 1868, the subject of this sketch first saw light. He was reared among the surroundings that pertain to a frontier home, receiving a good common-school education from the schools of the time, spending the summers in vigorous exercise on his father's farm and the winters in the pursuit of wisdom. This continued until he had arrived at the age of nineteen, and then he stepped from his seat in the family circle and girded himself for the duties of life on his own account. He first started to herd stock in the mountains, and for ten years he steadily pursued this weary, and dangerous occupation, thus demonstrating his tenacity and perseverance in accomplishing his start. This was practically his start in life, for from the proceeds of this service he was enabled to purchase a farm of one hundred and sixty acres. In 1890 he took a pre=emption claim and added that to his real estate holdings, thus making one-half section of land owned by him in the Rock creek country. In 1897 he was in shape to purchase another quarter, half of which was wild land, all this he put in cultivation, and his estate is utilized to raise grain and hay for his stock. He has now lumber on the ground for the erection of a good dwelling, and is also putting out an orchard. Thus is seen that our subject has had a worthy part in the development of the county and in materially adding to its wealth and improvements. In 1891 Mr. Anson married Miss Sarah J., daughter of James C. and Amanda (Rutedge) Conrad, and to them have been born the following offspring: Joseph E., Stella C., Cecil E., and Jesse R. Mrs. Anson was born in Perry county, Missouri, in 1871, and came west with her parents in 1889, settling in Island City, after they had spent some time in Wallowa county. Mr. Anson is actively interested in politics and is allied with the Republican party, ever showing a marked interest in local matters and school affairs. While still a young man, the subject of this sketch has demonstrated what skill, pluck and perseverance can do in this excellent country, and his work is eminently successful, while he is admired by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Union County Biographical Sketch Page 404 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page WILLIAM ARNOLD. - One of the best known men in northeastern Oregon, capable and upright, a pioneer of the country and one who has faithfully done his part in the development of the same, having met the dangers and hardships and self-denials incident to a life on frontiering in this region in early days, the subject of this article is eminently fitted for representation in this volume, and it is with pleasure that we accord space to him, and we desire to add that in connection with his abilities and courage, he has manifested excellent moral qualities and integrity that is constant and unswerving. William Arnold was born in Washington county, Nebraska, on March 16, 1856, being the son of Ansel and Jenett (Faster) Arnold. The father came to Nebraska as Indian agent in 1854, and also gave some attention to farming in that state. In 1858, he was called hence by the messenger of death, and his remains sleep in St. Joseph, Missouri. We have but little information of our subject until 1877, when he made the trip to the west, landing in Lagrande in that year. The following year he accompanied a drove of cattle to Cheyenne as one of the drivers, and then returned to Oregon. On this trip, while they were crossing the trail near Boise, Idaho, they were attacked by the Indians, and for twelve days the fight continued, the stockmen finally being able by dint of almost superhuman endurance and the most intrepid daring and perilous fighting, to get away with the entire drove of cattle. Later he took another trip through Nebraska and Colorado, and then returning to Oregon took up the stock business. In 1884 Mr. Arnold went to the Coeur d' Alene country and commenced his career of driving stage. He handled the ribbons there for two years and then came to this section and has since operated in the staging business. In cold and heat, amid storms and sunshine, he has taken his seat on the well-known concord vehicles and guided the horses over the trail for nearly twenty years, and there is not a man in the entire region that has so many warm friends and is so widely known as William Arnold, the capable, faithful, and courageous stage driver of Elgin. Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Cinda, daughter of Jackson and Martha Graham, on June 1, 1887, and four children have gladdened this happy union, as follows: Earl, Mable, Guy and Lolace. Mrs. Arnold was born on September 9, 1868. Mr. Arnold makes his home in Elgin and is operating the line from that place to Joseph. He is affiliated with the A.O.U.W. in Elgin. Our subject is held in high esteem by all who know him, and his figure is familiar at all points along the line, and friends are everywhere, and we are pleased to state that his upright life and kind demeanor have fully merited all these enconiums bestowed by admiring friends. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 357, 358 Back to top of page EDWARD P. ASHBY. - Among those who came to Union county with limited capital and have been enabled to work out here a competence for themselves, becoming prosperons and well-to-do in the goods of this world, may be mentioned the successful agriculturist and stockman whose name is at the head of this brief article and who stands to day as one of the substantial and worthy citizens of this progressive and wealthy county. At the present time Mr. Ashby owns a good farm about seven miles north of North Powder, and also a comfortable residence in the town of North Powder, where he is dwelling now for the purpose of having better school facilities for his children. His estate is well improved and he is handling considerable stock. When he landed in this county in 1871, with his parents, he was not possessed of much of this world's goods, and thinking that there were better opportunities farther ahead they went on to the Willamette valley, and for six years wrought in that region and then returned in 1877 to Union county. The father homesteaded a place in Pyle's canyon, and there he and the subject of this sketch went into partnership in raising stock, this arrangement continuing until 1893, when the son took the homestead, which is now his farm. On February 13, 1879, Mr. Ashby and Miss Francelia, daughter of Samuel and Perana (Huntley) Hewitt, were married, and to them have been born nine children: Arthur T., deceased Alva, deceased; infant not named, deceased; Sarah L., Bessie, Jennie, Dollie, Katie and Jessie. Mrs. Ashby's mother was a sister to C.C.C Huntley, of pioneer stage fame. Mr. Ashby was born in Cassopolis, Cass county, Michigan, being the son of Bladon and Sarah (DeBolt) Ashby and the date of his nativity was January 18, 1855. While still a child his parents removed to Louisa county, Iowa, whence in 1871 they came to Union, as stated above. The father of our subject died on June 24, 1900, but his mother is still living in Union. During the Civil war the father enlisted in Company K, Eighth Iowa, at the outbreak of hostilities and served faithfully until 1864, when he was discharged honorably on account of sickness, having been in the hospital for six months continuously. He was a member of the G.A.R. in Union and after his discharge he was elected as captain of the militia company and afterward was commissioned as such by the governor of the state. Our subject is a member of the Woodsmen of the World, Lodge No. 109, in North Powder. He is esteemed as a man of good principles and sterling integrity and holds a place of respect and is secure in the confidence of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 279, 280 Copyright 1902 BERT BARNHILL. - A member of the well known firm of Fine & Barnhill Brothers and laboring in one of the enterprises of Elgin, being proprietors of the livery and sale stables of the town,our subject is deserving of representation in this volume and as a loyal citizen, upright and honest, we accord him such with pleasure. Our subject was born in Sanders county, Nebraska, on September 22, 1860, being the son of James and Margaret (Bryan) Barnhill, natives of Illinois and Indiana, respectively. From the home place in Nebraska, the parents removed to Boise valley and in 1882, one year later, they came to the Wallowa valley, where the father took a homestead nine miles north from Enterprise. There he labored until the time of his death in 1901, being buried in Enterprise. The mother is still living on the old homestead. Our subject took a homestead adjoining his father's place and gave himself to tilling the soil and raising stock until 1902, when with his brother and Mr. Fine, he bought the livery stable in Elgin, where we find them doing a good business at the present time. They have a good equipment of rigs and driving horses, with saddle animals and are doing a representative business, being well esteemed by all. On December 6,1896, Mr. Barhill married Miss Rosa, daughter of A.C. Smith, of Enterprise, the wedding occurring in Enterprise, and to add joy to the happy union, there has been born one child, Howard, born December 16,1899, in Wallowa county. Mr. Barnhill is a member of the I.O.O.F., Enterprise Lodge, No. 58. He is a man of ability and has manifested good sagacity in all of his endeavors, while also he has maintained a reputation unsullied and has wrought for the upbuilding of this section with assiduity and display of energy and perseverance. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 454,455 Copyright 1902 William Martin Bennett William Martin Bennett [15] Son of John K. Bennett. Was born 14 Jun 1838 [385] in Indiana. He died on the 12 April 1917 [385] in Elgin, Union Co., OR. William was buried 14 April 1917 in [385] Summerville Cemetery, Summerville, Union Co., OR. [21]. William Martin Bennett was an early settler to the Wallowa and Union County areas, arriving between 1864 and 1870. William was a farmer and stockman residing in the Indian Creek district and one of the oldest pioneers in the country. He died of ailments brought on by old age. Although in familing shape for several months his condition was not considered serious until Saturday night when he lapsed into unconsciousness. William's parents died when he was young and he did not know his age to the exact date, but was between 79 and 80 years of age. His survivors are: Homer, Milton, Bird and Bill Bennett, Mrs. Parilla Keefer and Mrs. Hattie Lum. The obituary lists his death date as 15 April 1917 and his burial date as 17 April 1917. [21] His headstone lists his birthdate as 14 June 1842 and his death date as 15 April 1917. He married Eliza Wilmuth Bird [1], daughter of William Allen Bird and Harriet Bird, 10 February 1864 [16] in the home of William Bird, Clackamas Co., OR [16]. Eliza was borh 28 February 1844 [23] in or near Louisville, Kentucky. [1] She died 4 August 1908 [23] in her home 4 miles SE of Elgin, Union Co., OR [23]. She was buried 5 August 1908 [23] in Summerville Cemetery, Summerville, Union Co., OR. [23] William M. Bennett was prisoner number 1870 in the Oregon State Penitentiary. He was from Union County and sentenced to life in prison for murder in the second degree. He was admitted 14 January 1887 and pardoned 29 March 1893. When he was admitted they listed him as 48, born in Indiana, 5'11'', 154 lbs., black hair, hazel eyes, fair complexion, and size 6 shoes. He was a farmer who could read and write. He had one scare on his left knee cap, a mole between his shoulder blades, a mole under the front of his left shoulder blade, a mole on each side of the small of his back, a scar on the calf of his left leg and a scar on his right hip. On 29 March 1893, William received a full pardon from the Governor of Oregon, Sylvester Pennorfer. "By the virtue of the authority in me vested as Governor of the State of Oregon, I, Sylvester Pennorfer, Governor, do hereby give and grant unto the said Wm. Bennett a full pardon, restoring to him all the rights and priviledges heretofore enjoyed by him under the laws of this state." [532] As William describes the incident in his court deposition, he was the supervisor of a road crew which was working off part of their jail time. A man by the name of DeGore did not like William much. One day while William was resting under a tree DeGore came up and kicked William in the face, knocking out some of his teeth. Later DeGore rode his wagon by William's house and stopped in front of it. DeGore then reached under his seat for something. William thought he was reaching for a gun and shot and killed the man. He was the first person tried for murder in Union Co. The barn on his property near the Rhinehart area was built by 2 Civil War veterans and was still standing in July 1998.[519] Reference Notes: [1] Information obtained from notes provided by Robert Gest. [14]Visited cemetery and have pictures-Matthew Porter, Summerville Cemetery, near Elgin, OR --July 1998 [15]Oregon Death Index found at The Oregon Genealogical Society, Springfield OR, June 1997 1903-1980 Those dates from 1980-1995 were found at The University of Oregon Microfilm department. [16]Clackamas Co., OR Marriage Certificates. Copies obtained at the Clackamas County Courthouse, Oregon City, OR May 1997. Book 1, page 198. Eliza and William [21] Obituary for William Martin Bennett in The Elgin Recorder 19 April 1917, pg. 1 of Elgin, Union Co.,OR found at the University of Oregon Newspaper Collection, May 1997. [22] 1880 Census data for Union Co., OR. [23]Obituary for Eliza W. Bennett from The Elgin Recorder of Elgin, Union Co., OR 7 August 1908 pg. 1, found at the University of Oregon Newspaper Collection, May 1997. [385]Death certificate for William Martin Bennett ordered from Oregon State Archives February 1998. [519]Notes from interview with Talbert Bennett July 1998. [532]Oregon Penitentiary Records found at the Oregon State Archives, Salem OR 1998. Convict Record Oregon Penitentiary. Pardons by the Governor. This biography submitted by:Matthew Porter HOMER C. BIDWELL HOMER C. BIDWELL.-The well known and enterprising businessman, of whom we now have the pleasure of speaking is one of the substantial citizens of Union, & has by dint of hard effort, wise management and considerate treatment of patrons built up a fine business in the livery and transportation line. Having as fine stables and his rigs are among the most comfortable and well kept to be secured anywhere. Homer C. was born in Galesburg Wisconsin on January 25, 1871, being the son of Charles C. & Mary A. (Gilbert) Bidwell. The father was one of those brave men who hazarded their lives in the defense of the Union and during the entire war he served participating in many skirmishes as well as heavy battles, among which may be mentioned those adjacent to Chattanooga. At the close of the war he was honorably discharged and settled down to industrial life. while our subject was a child the family removed to virginia, whence they went to the vicinity of St. Joseph, Missouri, and from there to Orleans, Nebraska, during a portion of which time Homer was occupied with his father in the livery business. In 1884 they migrated to Union county and after some time our subject entered upon an apprenticeship to the miller's trade, which he learned and followed for five years. After this period he took up farming and stock raising on his farm north from the town of Union. He also bought stock for Kiddle Brothers for two years, and then in 1898 he purchased the lot and stable where his business is now transacted. The place is conveniently located and the buildings are commodious and well arranged. In his stock Mr. Bidwell has the best that can be secured and his business is conducted with car and wisdom. In addition to the livery business special, he does a feed business and buys and sells horses. On May 3, 1898, Mr. Bidwell married Miss Rachel M., daughter of Samuel and Mary (Wade) Brooks, early pioneers from Iowa, who crossed the dreary plains with ox teams. To our subject and his wife there has been born one child, Deane F., born September 23, 1900. Mr. Bidwell is a member of the K. of P. Lodge No. 28, and the woodmen of the World, King City Camp, No. 86. He has served as city councilman for two years. The elder Bidwell and wife are living in Union and he is a member of the G.A.R., Oliver P. Morton Post. Mr. Bidwell is one of the substantial and capable men of our county and he has an enviable standing and also is secure in the esteem of his fellows. Being eminently deserving the excellent prestige that he enjoys. Taken From "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Page 386 CHARLES L. BLAKESLEE CHARLES L. BLAKESLEE.-A man of energy, sagacity, and keen foresight. Mr. Blakeslee is today one of the well-known pioneers, whose labors have opened this vast and fertile region for the settlement of his fellows, and, he has gained distinction not only on account of this work but also through his enterprising endeavors in operations in the industrial world here as well as in the ranks of educators that laid the foundations deep and wide for the advancement of the new found land for the training of those that should follow. In 1827, in New York, Charles L. was born to Levi and Polly (Toby) Blakeslee, the father being a native of Litchfield, Connecticut, and the mother of New Bedford, Massachusetts, the former being born in 1778 and the latter in 1784. Levi Blakeslee was a giant in the commercial and manufacturing world, being one of the most prominent men of his time. He was heavily interested in mercantile pursuits in New Berlin and other places, owned woolen mills, paper mills, flour mills, distilleries and great quantitites of agricultural lands in different localities. In his time distilling was on a par with the manufacture of flour. During the panic of 1816 he issued scrip from his own mills and sent it to Albany, where it was set in circulation, being of the following denominations: Three, six and one-fourth, twelve and one-half, twenty-five fifty, and seventy-five cents. On December 5, 1800, he received the master Mason degree, and the son still has in his possession the medal of honor bearing that date and the apron presented to him at that time by the lodge, as also some of the scrip that was issued from the paper mills. The war records that he gained in the conflict of 1812 secured for him a grant of land in Illinois which remained in the family untill after his death, when it was sold by the widow. His death occurred in Battle Creek, Michigan, on May 16, 1841, having come to that place the year previous. The widow lived until March 11, 1872. Returning more particularly to the subject of this sketch, we find that Charles L. was the recipient of a good education, and at the age of twenty-one went to farming for himself, being injured in this work he was obliged to turn to the occupation of the educator, where he gained a pleasant distinction, thus utilizing well the training that he had acquired in his early days. He taught in the region of his home in Michigan until 1864, then acting under the advice of his physician he came to the west for his health. He landed in the Grande Ronde valley in September of that year and taught his first term of school at Summerville, it also being the first school in that district. Following that he taught at the Cove, that being also the first school taught there, and in the fall of 1865 he taught at Union, the first school held there. There being insufficient funds for a teacher to be employed he collected the same by subscription and was busy for four years teaching in Union. In 1867 he returned to Battle Creek and brought the family across the plains. He bought a squatter's right to eighty acres that joined Union on the west and there erected a chop mill for the supply of the freighters. Later he added wood-working machinery as shingle saws, planers and lathes, where he utilized the water power, it being the second place where nature's force was thus harnessed in Union. He recently sold this plant to a seattle company. At present he owns a block of land in the town of Union, where his residence is. Mr. Blakeslee had been eight years justice of the peace in Union. The marriage of Mr. Blakeslee and Miss Caroline, daughter of Truman and Wealthy (Foreman) Dewey, and a second cousin of the famous admiral, was solemnized in 1850 and to them have been born the following children: Cornelia, deceased: William B.: Lynn K. and Lillie M., twins: Abbie J.: and Winnie C. The funeral of his daughter Cornelia was the first one where a sermon was preached in the county. She died at the age of sixteen on September 17, 1868. Mrs. Blakeslee's parents were natives of New York and the father was well known throughout Indiana and Michigan, where his business carried him. he fought in the war of 1812, enlisting from Sackett's Harbor, New York. The two are sleeping side by side in the cemetery at Jamestown, steuben county, Indiana. Mr. Blakeslee's grandfather was a prominent Mason of early days. Taken from "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Pages 300-301 LEMAN BLANCHARD. - Old England has contributed many a son to the citizenship of thie country who has done credit to his native land as well as being a bright example of typical manhood in his foster land, and among this worhty number must be mentined the esteemed and intelligent gentleman whose name is at the head of this article and who is numbered among the progressive agricultural population of Union county, his fine and valuable farm lying three miles east from Elgin, where he has a home that is a credit to any country and an abode of comfort and enlightenment. It was in Lincolnshire, England, on February 28, 1847, that Leman was born to Steven and Elizabeth (Gunnell) Blanchard, natives also of the same country. Amid the rural scenes of this grand old land our subject spent his childhood days until fifteen years of age, and then stepped from the parental roof to try the boisterous sea of life's activities for himself. Different employment occupied him for a time and then he gave his attention to farming until May 1, 1880, when he bade farewell to the environments of early life, turned from the land of nativity and sought the shores of Freedom's abode. Pike county, Illinois, was the destination and there he was numbered with the faithful toilers in the fields for three and one-half years, then went to Wisconsin and there produced the fruits of the field for three and one-half years, then went to Wisconsin and there produced the fruits of the field for three and one-half years more, then set his face to the west, and made the trip to this country, landing here on July 1, 1877, and at once associated himself with Charles Hallgarth for one year. In January, 1878, he bought his present place, three miles east from Elgin and there went to work to make a home for himself and carve a name among the leaders of Union county. He has a fine farm, a modern dwelling, and all the outbuildings that are essential to the carrying on of a good farm and in addition to farming he is raising stock. On March 4,1891, Mr. Blanchard married Lucie A., daughter of Nimrod and Matilda (Myers) Hallgarth, a native of Switzerland county, Indiana, and born February 26, 1865. Six children ahve come to bless this happy union, Gertrude, Myrtle, Leila, Clarence E., Pearl S. and Clifford. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 450 Copyright 1902 This is part of the family of Dixie Ricker Leman Blanchard is her g grandfather EDGAR E. BRAGG. - With what pride the American people can view the progress from Plymouth Rock to the position of leading nation of the world! But the keen observer is not satisfied with that: he will seek the cause, the principles put in force that brought about this gratifying result, the powers that have operated to bring this desired end. From the first little log school house that graced the bleak shores of the northern colonies, to the stately universities that are flourishing in every portion of the land, there has been the proper attention paid to the education of the masses, and the foundation of our free institutions have been laid, and the super-structures reared in the light of these same institutions, while the very material itself has been produced by them. No more important institution is today seen in the United States than the same little brown school house in the center of every community, and the educator that has done faithful work there has materially aided in the advancement of the Republic. The care of this system has been a source of no small effort, and no more important personage is in each county to-day than he who is at the head of the school system. Such a one is the gentleman of whom we have the privilege to write at this time. An educator from his early years, he has passed every portion of the long course of practical experience in teaching and now brings to his work both a fund of knowledge that is wide and deep but also that indispensable experience that gives the practical wisdom for the intricate problems of this weighty position. Mr. Bragg was born in 1867 in southern Illinois, being the son of Robert and Jane (Morgan) Bragg, natives respectively of North Carolina and Ohio. The mother quietly sleeps at Eminence, Missouri, but the father is still living. Edgar E. received his early education in Illinois, and at the age of seventeen commenced a career that has been eminently successful by teaching his first school For three years he continued both to teach and pursue his favorite studies, and then went to Missouri and attended the state normal school, after which he went to teaching again, for a period, and then migrated to Island City, Oregon, in 1890, and there taught until 1898, when the people recognized his ability and faithfulness and called him to take the important office of county superintendent of schools. His name appeared on the Democratic ticket at the time of his election. He has in no respect disappointed the expectations of his constituency, for he has given most excellent service in this capacity. Mr. Bragg and Miss Jean, a daughter of T.S. Smith, a pioneer of this county, were married in 1892, and the fruit of this union is two children, Zoe and Edith. It is of note that Mr. Bragg's father was a veteran of the Civil war, serving in the Forty-seventh Illinois for three years. Mr. Bragg is one of the most popular and highly esteemed educators in the county, and has merited fully his position by his excellent and painstaking work that has been done both here and elsewhere. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 297, 298 Copyright 1902 FRANKLIN S. BRAMWELL. - To the esteemed gentleman, whose life's career it is now our privilege to give in brief review, we grant a representation in these chronicles of our county, since he is at the head of one of large industries of the county, and also because of the prominent place that he holds in the manipulation of the affairs of the strong church of the Latter Day Saints in this section. He is assistant manager of the Oregon Sugar Company of Lagrande, but is far more widely known as bishop of his church and lately in the more prominent office of president of the missions of the northwest. His jurisdiction extends over a diocese that is very large nad includes Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, the Dakotas and the northwest country of the British possesions as far east as Winnipeg. Mr. Bramwell was born in Yorkshire, England, whence came so many of our most intelligent and thrifty citizens. Eighteen hundred and sixty was the date, his parents being George W. and Mary (Stevenson) Bramwell. They came to Ogden, Utah, in 1870, the father being a music and school teacher. He labored faithfully at these callings until two years since, when he was called hence and his remains are buried at Rexburg, Idaho. The mother is still residing at Ogden, Utah. Our subject remained dutifully at home with his parents in their service until he had attained hismajority, gaining, meanwhile, a good education in the schools and in private instruction from his father. He also, before the expiration of his minority, had learned the good trades of blacksmith and wheelwright. For twelve years after he had started for himself he worked faithfully at these trades. Then his ability and integrity received fitting recognition in being elected to the positionof clerk of the Fifth Judicial district of Idaho, serving in that capacity for six years. He rose steadily in the esteem of his church and held one office after another until he received a fitting compliment to both his ability and faithfulness in being chosen president of the missions of the northwest. This organization is called the Stake, which is divided into wards, that are ruled over by a bishop and the president has general supervision of hte whole territory mentioned, being called on to exercise much sagacity and discrimination in the solution of the weighty questions that come before him. In addition to these trying and responsible duties, he finds time to attend to the practical management of the Oregon Sugar Company. During his life Mr. Bramwell has given much attention to the art of music and has organized and trained a number of brass bands, besides much other commendable work of improvement in these lines. Mr. Bramwell married Miss Emily Neal, a native of Birmingham, England, in 1881. Her parents came to Ogden, Utah, when she was two years of age. There have been born to this union six children: Franklin C., attending college at Ogden; Lester H., Ellen H., Irving M., Retta and Arthur L. In 1896-8 Mr. Bramwell made an extensive trip to Europe in the interests of his church and he was known as a power in the mission field. There are many of his faith in our county and their thrift, energy and good qualities are manifest to all. No more stanch and loyal citizens are within our borders. Mr. Bramwell states in terse language that the mission of their church is to lift up humanity morally and socially, and the object of the immigration to our county was to found homes for themselves and to aid in upholding the laws of the land and to put their shoulders to the wheel of progress and development of the resources that nature has so bountifully strewn here. And, indeed, no institution in the United States has a more worthy and wonderful record for pioneer work than has the same church and its upholders. The Stake, mentioned before, was organized on June 9, 1901, which speaks forcefully of the energy and skill of our subject,he having been the leading spirit in the matter. The date of the establishment of the church of his faith in this section is given by Mr. Bramwell as April, 1898. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 297, 298 Copyright 1902 GEORGE W. BUCK. - The subject of this article is at the head of one of the largest industrial institutions of the county of Union, being proprietor and manager of the large sawmilling and lumbering establishment, where he has been enabled to turn out from three to four million feet of fine lumber annually, and in this capacity he has displayed an excellent ability and enterprise which have commended him to the esteem and confidence of the entire community, while he has also manifested a stanch character and maintained an untarnished reputation. George W. was born on March 22, 1848, in Hancock county, Illinois to Roger and Maria (Smith) Buck, natives of Virginia. The father was a farmer in Illinois, having come thither when Chicago was a stockade and he remained in Hancock county until his death, in 1853, nad his remains are buried at Quincy, Illinois. In 1880, the mother died and beside her life's companion she also sleeps. In the spring of 1864, although but a lad our subject enlisted for one hundred days in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and he was stationed to guard Memphis. After being mustered out in the fall of the same year, he went with his mother and sister to Clinton county, Missouri, and engaged inr raising and selling the Osage orange hedge tree, where he was employed for five years with good success. In 1870 he went to Saint Joseph, Missouri, and for four years dealt in seeds and implements, and then sold out and repaired to Smith county, Kansas, engaging in general merchandising in a town called Gaylord. Six years subsequent to this he sold his business there and came to Oregon. He took a homestead near Hilgard, and in connection with this operated a general merchandise store in the town for S.F. Richardson. Two years later, 1882, he sold his property at this place and came to Elgin as manager of the I.M.&M. Company's business, holding the position for five years. He was also one of the incorporators of the G.M.&S. Company, being also general manger of their business and secretary of the company. In 1889 he retired from the company and entered upon the saw-milling business in Elgin. He has a large plant eight miles north from the town and does a big business. He is enlarging the capacityof his mills and also adding a lath mill, while at the present time he is handling a force of twenty-five men. Mr. Buck married Miss Ellen A., daughter of J.A. and Ellen O. Taylor, in Smith county, Kansas, on September 28, 1879, and one son was the fruit of that union, Roger H., born August 5, 1880. In July, 1881, death visited this happy home and took thence the wife and mother. Mr. Buck married a second time, on June 28,1890, the lady becoming his wife on this occasin being Alice Small, and the nuptials were celebrated at Hilgard, Union county. Mrs. Buck was born on December 16, 1853, at Cooperstown, Pennsylvania. Mr. Buck is affiliated with the Masons, Elgin Lodge No. 98, and also with the Blue Mountain Chapter, No. 52(?), O.E.S. Our subject and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. For three different times Mr. Buck has been chosen mayor of Elgin, and twice has he served terms in the city council having in all this public service, been guided with his characteristic practical judgement and keen sagacity, giving general satisfaction on all occasions. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 343, 344 Copyright 1902 HOSMER L. BUELL HOSMER L. BUELL.-The subject of this sketch deserves to be placed in the history of Union county for various reasons. He is a man of ability, which is amply demonstrated in the fine drug business that he manipulates in the city of Elgin, where he does a thriving business. He has passed a life of great activity in various leading industries, being ever at the ehad both because of his energy and because of his fitness for that purpose. When the call came for men, brave and true, to face the cannon of the hosts of rebellion, our subject never wavered, but surrendered himself to the fortunes of war and the God of the battle field, and fought through te long struggle until the last shot was silenced and the broken foe bowed in repentence and raised from the field to leave the land to mourn for its dead. Hosmer L. was born in Delaware county, New York, on May 31, 1836, being the son of Dewey and Aurelia (Goddard) Buell, natives respectively of New York and Pennsylvania. The father was a farmer and in 1872 removed with the family to Dallas county, Iowa, remaining there until the time of his death which occured on July 14, 1875, and the mother died in Kansas in 1890. Our subject worked with his father until the age of twenty-three and then went to farming and lumbering until the outbreak of the war, when he enlisted, August 1862 at Troy, Pennsylvania, in the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company C. under Col. George Wyncoup, in the Army of the Cumberland. Many hard fought battles were participated in by him and constant military duty was his lot until the close of the war being mustered out June, 1865, at Nashville, Tennessee. Subsequent to the war he went to the oil regions of Pennsylvania, operating for some time, then retired to McHenry county, Illinois, where he farmed for a year, then went to colorado prospecting. In that state and in New Mexico he operated for the Kansas and Pacific railroad, looking for coal and water. In 1872, he went into business for himself, boring for salt and coal in Kansas and Illinois. In 1878, he commenced the manufacture of boring machinery in Clay Centre, Kansas, continuing in the same until 1888, when he sold the entire plant and removed to Idaho, and there bored for water for a time, then opened the Mountain Home, a resort at the Hot Springs, which institution was prospered exceedingly under his skillful management. this was sold in 1890 and he then came to Elgin and engaged in the lumber business for one year, after which he purchased his present business, a large and well equipped drug store, one-third of which is owned by his son, Joseph. In addition to this good business, Mr. Buell owns much real estate and a number of buildings in the city of Elgin and also the store property where he is now doing business. In 1859, Mr. Buell married Miss Arah Miller, a native of Pennsylvania and one child was born to them, Joseph. In 1873, Mr. Buell married a second time. Lizzie Abbott becoming his wife on this occasion and two children were born to them. Hale and Mable. Mr. Buell is one of the substantial men of the city of Elgin and apublic spirited citizen of the county and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He is a member of the Masons, Elgin Lodge No. 93. and of the Blue Mountain Chapter, O.E.S. No. 52 and also of the Nathan Baker Post of the G.A.R. of Elgin. In June 1900, the G.A.R. elected Mr. Buell surgeon general for the state of Oregon and he served for one year. it is of note that it was Mr. Buell's brigade that captured Jefferson Davis. "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Page 362-363 JOSEPH L. CARTER. - This prominent educator of Eastern Oregon was born at the old Methodist Episcopal Mission, near Salem, January 22, 1845. He is the son of David Carter, who fifty years ago was a merchant in the various cities and states of South America, and in 1840 came via the Sandwich Islands to the then unclaimed Oregon, marrying Miss Orpha Lankton, of the mission party of the bark Lausanne, and settling on Mill creek near Salem, and also living at The Dalles, passing much time in the mines of California and becoming prominent upon our coast in the early days. After the death of his father, in 1854, Joseph removed with his mother to Brownsville, and from that place to Lebanon. He laid to rest this beloved parent in 1873, cherishing her memory not only as a devoted mother, but as a friend of the lost and ignorant Indians, and of our rising young state, and as a servant of God, - one whom all Oregon should now honor in her grave. Much of the early life of the young man was passed in study; and he graduated from the Willamette University in1868. The information which he received, and the ideas with which his own mind was fertilized, he strove to disseminate, and entered immediately into the educational field as teacher. Twelve years he was thus laboring in Oregon and Washington, being engaged for three of these as preceptor of the Blue Mountain Academy, putting forth his utmost endeavors, together with those of Mrs. H.K. Hines, to build up a first-class institution. In this effort much success was attained and much good accomplished. In 1878 he engaged in the drug business at island City, successfully continuing the same for seven years. In1888 he was honored by the county with the trust of its educational work, being elected as school superintendent, and is to the present time fulfilling the responsible duties of this office to the entire satisfaction of the public. Mr. Carter was married in 1869 to Miss Maggie E. Rector, of Salem, and has a home plainly indicative of comfort and refinement. Page 245 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 JOHN A. CATES. - Among the responsible and enterprising agriculturists of Union county, there must not be failure to mention the esteemed gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has labored here since the sixties, forwarding the interests of this county, developing its resources, and conducting his business enterprises in a skillfull and efficient manner, while at the present time he is fulfilling the duties of a public official and is manifesting in this as in all of his ways a characteristic ability and integrity that stamp him as both capable and substantial. Our subject was born to Spencer and Phebe (Cunningham) Cates , in McLean county, Illinois, on June 27, 1846, and thence, while still a child, he was removed by his parents to Livingston county, where he received his education and labored on a farm until the 15th day of April, 1865, when the entire family, having rigged ox teams and conveyances for the trip, turned their faces to the unbounded regions of the trackless west. Their journey was accomplished in due time without especial difficulty and they landed in Union county while there were but few settlers in its precincts. Pioneer hardships ere to be encoutered on every hand, and their cup of them held its share. In 1867 the father was called to lay down the burdens of life and enter the realities of another scene. On July 9, 1815, near Louiseville, Kentucky, he was born, and in this western section his remainse sleep.The moterh, born in Clark county, Indiana, on December 4, 1813, passed the river of death on August 18, 1885. Our subject lived in Union county for a few years after arriving here and occupied himself with carpenter work. Mr. Cates married Miss Mellie, daughter of Alfred and Lydia A. Payton, on September 2, 1880, and two children have come to their home; Cecil C., born August 23, 1882; Jennie L., born October 23, 1887, and died November 27,1896. Mrs. Cates father enlisted in Company L Twenty-fifth Illinois, in May, 1861, and in May, 1862, he died from the effects of yellow fever, giving his life for his country. The mother died in Illinois, on September 14, 1899. Mrs. Cates came to Union county in 1880. In 1883 Mr. Cates entered a homestead and gave his attention to improving the same, which is at the present time well done, having a good house and barn and other accesories to a good farm. Since 1897 he has been postmaster at Telacoset, having also a long-distance telephone office and he has discharged this duties of a public nature with acceptability to all. In 1867 Mr. Cates was a member of the home guards, a body of men who acted n defense of the settlers agains the ravages of the savages. Politically, he is a Democrat and is also a member of the Pioneer Association and he is respected and esteemed by his fellows. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 346, 347 Back to top of page SABE CHOATE. - A man who had the ability, force of character and perseverance to master two distinct lines of industry as has the subject of this sketch, besides being able to handle successfully the same with added lines of enterprise and to bring prosperity out of it all is surely deserving of the approbation of his fellows, which it is right to say Mr. Choate has received in no unstinted measure, being at the present time one of the substantial and highly respected citizens of Union county. In Fenders county, Tennessee, on April 13, 1825, our subject was born to John and Annie (Titrow) Choate. There also the parents lived until death called them hence. The educational advantages of the time were rather limited and our subject was obliged to be content with the meager instruction to be had; however, an active mind made search in the archives of the world and gleaned much useful knowledge, while the problems of active life gave discipline of a practical kind. His days of youth were not wasted, for he made himself master of the boot and shoemaker's trade and then became an adept in the blacksmith's art. Upon reaching his majority he stepped out on the plain of life's activities and first took up steamboating, but soon took up blacksmithing and farming together, and for thirty-five years he was found at the forge and with the plow in honest labor producing the bread of contentment and a competence that does not easily melt away. During this time, in the year 1862, he enlisted in the Tennessee home guards, and for three and one-half years did military service, but immediately returned to the industrial life at the close of the war. Eleven years were also spent in mercantile pursuits, where his honesty and straighforwardness gained for him a patronage that brought the fruits of success to him. It was in 1885 that he turned from the old home state and left the scenes of long and faithful labors to seek a new place in the land of the west. The fertile grande Ronde valley attracted im and hither he came, going also on to Wallowa, but ultimately returning to the vicinity of Summerville, where he purchased a farm of three hundred acres one-half mile east from town. It is all in excellent cultivation and rewards him annually with bountiful crops of timothy and the cereals. In 1850, while in Tennessee, Mr. Choate married Miss Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Mullinix, and four children were born to them, as follows: Edward, in Nevada; William, in Union county; Isaa, in Nevada; Missouri K., wife of Joseph Wooley, of Portland. In 1868 Mr. Choate contracted a second marriage, Miss Nancy Jane Mullinix being the lady of his choice at this time, and five children have been born to this happy union; Jasper M., operating a grocery store in Summerville; Lily A., wife of Warren Gibson, a Baptist clergyman; Ellen, wife of David Hug; Annie, wife of Harry Hug, near Elgin; Thelbert, at home. Mr. Choate is affiliated with the Masons, Miram Lodge No. 69, of Summerville, and he and his wife with the Eastern Star, Olive Branch Chapter No. 62, of Summerville. He is one of the capable men of the county, now venerable and enjoying the good things of the golden time of his life and receiving the respect and admiration of all who may know him. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 394, 395 JOHN S. CLARK. - Much interest attaches to this gentleman as the son of one of the earliest pioneers, and as being himself a native of Oregon. The father, Daniel Clark, was well known in the early days as an immigrant of 1844, who married Miss Bertha Herren, whose acquaintance he had formed upon the plains, and who lived near Hillsboro. After his return from the California gold mines, he located in1851 the Clark Donation claim near Salem, upon which both he and his wife died. The son John S., whose name forms the caption of this article, was born near Hillsboro, in Washington, county, Oregon, February 4, 1848. His early life was spent near Salem, where he attended the public school and enjoyed two years of study at the institute. In 1869 he became a pioneer of the Inland empire, coming to the Grande Ronde and pre-empting a claim at The Cove, where he made his home for thirteen years. In 1870 he was married to Miss Anna, a daughter of Honorable Willard H. Rees, the venerable pioneer of Butteville. In 1872 he devoted his attention exclusively to blacksmithing. In 1870 he opened a prosperous business, and greatly facilitated the harvesting in his section by purchasing a steam threshing machine, with which he operated successfully until the occurrence of an accident, whereby his arm was caught in the belting and torn from the shoulder. This necessitated a change of business; and at the present time he is engaged in the sale of machinery and farm implements in the employ of Frank Brothers of Portland, and has entire charge of their business in Grande Ronde, with headquarters at La Grande. Mr. and Mrs. Clark, have a pleasant home; and their union has been blessed by three children. Page 271 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 A.B. Conley A.B. Conley, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Union county, Oregon, was born in Nashville, Tennesse, January 11, 1837, the seventh child of Archibald and Anna Conley, natives of Virginia. Mr. Conley was a tanner by trade, which occupation he followed all his life. When a young man he married Miss Anna Harper, a native of North Carolina after which event he removed to Tennessee, lived there until 1840, then removed to Jefferson county, Illinois, where he followed his trade until his death, in 1876, at the age of eighty years. Mrs. Conley died in 1865, aged sixty-five years. They reared a family of ten children, all of whom but two are still living, pretty well scattered over the country, one being in Idaho, one in California, one in Kansas, the rest in Illinois, with the exception of our subject in Oregon. Our subject was married in Illinois to Miss Joisa Hopper, born in Jefferson county, Illinois, January 16, 1841. She was the daughter of Joshua Hopper, a native of tennessee and Polly (Smith) Hopper, of the same state. Mrs. Hopper died in 1843, when Mrs. Conley was but two years old, leaving four children. The father of Mrs. Conley died in 1861 at the age of fifty years, and now Mrs. Conley has but one sister and she lives in Illinois. Mr. Conley moved to Kansas in 1872, remained there two years, but his mind and attention were attracted by the West, and in 1874 he fitted up four wagons, equipped them with outfits for travel and started on the long and perilous journey to the coast. The trip was made in three monthss, they coming through almost alone, having as companions but one family. They experienced no ill fortune and arrived safe in Grande Ronde valley. Mr. Conley had enough money to prchase 640 acres of land, for which he paid $2.56 an acre. Since that time he has added to his farm until he now has in one boyd 8,000 acres, making in length along the road by his house a distance of seven and one half miles. All of this land he has fenced and crossed fenced, divided into pastures and fields, with the old-fashioned rail fencing and has given employment to hundreds of men splitting rails and making fence. In 1892 4,000 acres were planted to wheat, oats and barley, he using 5,000 bushels of grain to seed the land.He farms all this land himself, giving employment to from fifteen to seventy-five men all the year round. He has houses on different portions of his land and endeavors to employ men with families. He has one blacksmith employed by the year. Mr. Conley raises on an average about 100,000 bushels of grain per year. Keeps from 600 to 700 head of horses and cattle all the time and works from four to twenty-four head of horses in a team at a time, has all his own reapers, binders and threshers. Mr. Conley and his sons have some very fine imported Clydesdale horses, one mare weighing over 1,800 pounds. The value of his land is about $30 per acre, all around. He has been very successful in life. When he married he had two horses and an old wagon, but he says that it seems as if everthing he handles turns to money. Mr. Conley is a very unassuming man, takes the world easily, is never in a hurry, is genial and pleasant in his manners and is very benevolent: although not a church member, is always ready to help church work, contributing whenever calls are made upon him. The family of four children are as follows: Matilde Conley Miller, J.J., E.E. AND F. The latter is yet with his father and has taken much of the management of the large farm into his own hands. The daughter is married, as are the two older sons. An interesting incident occured at one time while his two sons and wives were living with him both sons became fathers within only an hour's difference in the ages of their heirs. The grandfather proposed to them that as they were so near to being twins that if he were permitted to name the babies he would give each of the sons 450 acres of land and divide the stock equally into three parts. The sons took up the proposition and he named the two boys "Nip" and "Tuck." They then went out and drove in all the stock of about 800 head and commenced the division. The oldest son took the first choice, the second son the second and the father the third. Mr. Conley never had a lawsuit in his life and if he ever had any difficulty he always settled it if he could and if they could not agree, called in the neighbors to arbitrate. He was never in partnership with any one in his life: has always given his boys a good chance, permitting them to raise stock and trade it if they wished. The son, Frank, although only twenty-one years of age is worth $50,000 he has made himself. Mr. Conley is a Republican in politics, and has always endeavored to live a peacable life, saying that he could not afford to have any enemies. An Illustrated history of the state of Oregon by H.K. Hines 1893 Donated by Janis Foley E-mail: Back to top of page AMELIA COUCH. - Much honor is due to the worthy lady, whose name is written above for the noble way in which she has met the burdens and hardships of life and has achieved a success that is both gratifying and praiseworthy, while she has always shown forth her characteristic goodness and sagacity, being gracious and affable in her personal walk. Mrs. Couch is the daughter of William and Rebecca Walker being born on November 25, 1838 in Bedford county, Tennessee. The parents removed to Missouri when she was very young and there she received her primary education in the district schools, and there, also, the father died. Later the mother removed to Van Buren county, Iowa, where she finished her education. The widowed mother removed to Jefferson county, Iowa, and then about eight years later our subject went to Missouri where a married sister lived and where also she was married to Mr. R.T. Couch, a farmer, and for sixteen years they lived there. In the centennial year the subject of this sketch and her husband came direct to Union county, whither her mother and sisters had preceded her by twelve years. Mr. and Mrs. Couch rented land for a time and then purchased their present home place of eighty acres which is situated immediately northwest from Island City. On September 7, 1888, Mr. Couch died, being aged fifty-four. The widow had cast upon her the responsibilities of caring for a large family, but she has discharged the duties with a manifestation of wisdom and graciousness that have been acceptable to all. In 1890, she built a fine large house, and she has good barns and substantial outbuildings and the farm is in good shape. The children born to this worthy couple are named as follows: Willard F., married to Minerva C. Williams, and they have one child, Roy L.; Elma D. married to M.M. Carter and they have four children, Agnes, Lloyd, Mary and Clarence; Ulysses, married to Mary McCall and they have two children Elise and Ray; Leonard, married to May H. Harris and they have two children, Leo and Ralph; William R., clerking for Wade Brothers in Summerville; John L. living with mother; Ethel, living with mother. Mr. Couch was an active Republican and was a man of influence in his section. His ancestors fought under the noted Marion of Revolutionary fame, and established a family mansion in Georgia where the lineal descendants reside now. Mrs. Couch and her husband were members of the Baptist church and she is highly esteemed at the present time, being active in the work of propagating her faith both by precept and practice. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 303 COWLES & MCDANIEL. - Samuel D. Cowles, senior member of the firm above-mentioned, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1829, his father being a wealthy broker. He received a ten years' naval training and finished his education in New York City, where in after years he was in business for himself. In 1849 he crossed the plains to California. In 1862 we find him crossing the plains once more, coming from Missouri in company with a nephew and niece. At Soda Springs a band of Indians, under the leadership of one of his own employe's, attacked is party and after a short fusillade escaped with, seventeen of his fine, blooded horses. At Fort Hall the nephew died. Arriving at Auburn, Oregon, in September, Mr. Cowles set to work to recuperate his finances by day's labor. On the last day in the year, he encamped with his little company on the present site of the village of Cove, in Union county, upon the handsome tract of land now owned by the niece mentioned above, then Miss Fanny Cowles, a native of Tennessee, and for whom the majestic mountain peak that towers into perpetual snows and keeps watch over her elegant home was named. E.P. McDaniel, the junior partner, was born in Missouri in 1839, and was raised on his father's farm. In 1856 he emigrated to Kansas, where he engaged in farming and trading. In 1861 he crossed the plains to Portland, Oregon, and engaged in work at his trade of carpenter. In 1863 he came to Grande Ronde valley, and was engaged in packing, clerking and in the livery business. July 4th, 1865, he was married to Miss Fanny Cowles, and the next spring joined her uncle in conducting the farm, upon which they planted extensive orchards and erected a handsome residence, which is now embowered with a beautiful growth of ornamental trees and flowering shrubs, and is surrounded with rare flowers, which, being artistically arranged, make it a delightful villa. They soon combined stock-dealing with farming and milling, and in 1884 opened a general mercantile establishment near their residence, the New-England-like village of Cove having meantime sprung up party on their own land. They are at present conducting a very large and prosperous business, and deal in everything that is salable. They entertain many friends and guests at their commodious residence. Mr. and Mrs. McDaniel have six children, the two eldest of whom are young men with good training and education. Page 288, 289 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Adna C.CRAIG ADNA C. CRAIG. Deceased. - Among the prominent citizens of Union county stands the gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, and we are constrained because of his real merit and worth, and because of his activities in advancing the welfare of this county, to grant him this memoir in the history of the county where he wrought so faithfully. In pioneer life he was a leader in many sections, and the rugged life of the frontiersman was his to pass through for many years, and his vigor and energy led the way into many scenes where others would only follow. Intimately acquainted with every phase of the existence of those who opened the country for their fellows to follow. Mr. Craig always manifested that same steady nerve in danger, fortitude and endurance in hardships, and ability and keen foresight in the business world. Our subject was born in Ohio, on October 14, 1821, being the son of James and Margaret Craig. He early learned the brick mason's trade, and wrought at the same until the memorable year of 1849, when he joined the exodus for the golden west, and landing in Redbluff, California, after a weary journey across the plains, he at once set to mining. As early as 1861, he was in the Florence and Oro Fino camps, being among the very first ones to step foot on that ground. After some time spent in these various camps and the adjacent country, he came to the Grande Ronde valley and engaged in packing from Umatilla landing to the different mines in the Boise Basin. In 1871, Mr. Craig married Mrs. Amelia Rice, widow of Matthew Rice, a pioneer of Union county, the wedding occurring on December 9. Mrs. Craig's parents, Abner and Lydia Drumm, came to the Willamette valley in 1847, being among the earliest pioneers of that section. After his marriage, Mr. Craig bought one hundred and eighty-six acres of school land in Union county and devoted his attention to general farming and stock-raising. In 1884, when the railroad was built, he erected the Depot Hotel, and there gave his attention to entertaining the traveling public. He was a genial host and his house was well and favorably known to all who traveled in this section. In the political realm he was both active and prominent, and the whole force of his strength was always on the side of stanch principles. In 1866, he was elected to the office of sheriff of Union county, and in those days of early outlaws, the holding of that office meant much, and so well did he discharge his duties there incumbent upon him that he was again replaced by the appreciative people of the county in the same position, holding it until 1870. For eight years he discharged the duties of county judge, and also for two terms he was county assessor, in all of which public service he was both efficient and faithful, fully satisfying a constituency both discriminating and enlightened. Fraternally Mr. Craig was a member of the Masonic Lodge of Lagrande. On November 24, 1900, Mr. Craig, after a long life of varied activity and filled with good deeds of uprightness, was called to the realities of another world, and his demise was universally mourned. His widow is continuing the operation of the hotel where they lived, and she is the recipient of a good patronage, having those qualities that make one successful in conducting a comfortable and up-to-date hostelry, which the Depot Hotel is in every respect, and it has found favor with the public in general. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 286, 287 Copyright 1902 __________________________ ADNA C. CRAIG. - At the union depot on the line of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, at the south end of the Grande Ronde valley, is the Craigton Hotel, into which water is conducted through pipes from a spring half a mile away, and one hundred and sixty feet above. This water where it springs from the steep sidehill has a temperature of 180 degrees Fahrenheit, while at the hotel where it enters the bathroom its temperature is about 90 degrees. It shows by analysis iron, borax, sulphur and magnesia. For twenty years this hotel has been a health resort for those afflicted with rheumatism and kindred diseases. The proprietor, Adna C. Craig, was born in Ohio in 1821, received a common-school education, and learned the trade of a tanner and currier. Emigrating to Iowa in 1841, he engaged in brick-making until he removed to California with the argonauts in 1849. He transferred his business to our state in 1855, mining and lumbering in Josephine county. He carried with him a whipsaw, and found that this brought the "dust" even faster than the "Long Tom." In 1858 he made brick and erected the first brick building in Douglas county, and often joined General Lane or Colonel Mosher in the hunt. In 1861 he was in the Idaho mines, the most of the time running the Armstrong whipsaw and making lumber, which he sold at one dollar a foot. He passed the winter in a temperature which congealed mercury, and froze his feet, while the prices of provisions were: Flour two dollars, bacon three dollars, potatoes two and a half dollars, tea and coffee five dollars, and tobacco fifteen dollars per pound. After an adventure the next spring with nine school teachers while in search of a bonanza which did not exist, and nearly losing his life, Mr. Craig set forth for Auburn, but passing through the Grande Ronde was entranced by the beauty of the region, and determined to set his stakes there and make a home, choosing a claim near the present site of Union. He has since that time farmed, packed, raised grain and stock, acted as sheriff for four years, as assessor for three years, as county Judge for eight years, and as swamp-land commissioner for four years. We find him still a hearty and jovial "boy" of sixty-eight years, ready with his anecdote or joke, and a leading man in the community. Page 289, 290 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 EDWIN O. CRANDALL. Deceased - It is pleasant to give an epitome of a career that has been filled with good deeds and in which upright principles have been set forth and especially gratifying to all is it to be enabled to chronicle the items of the life of one who has made a pleasing success in a number of walks of life and has always manifested in the pure of life and has always manifested a kindness, geniality and faithfulness that are both enjoyable and praiseworthy. Of this class is the gentleman, whose life history we now essay to outline and whose enterprise and industry, as well as his wisdom and good judgment have been manifested in the pursuits that he has followed in our midst for over one-third of a century. The Keystone state was the place of his birth and 1837 the year. A few years later he accompanied his parents to Chicago and there his energy and skill became apparent in that, during the time in which a young man is occupied in acquiring skill in one line of industry, he mastered three distinct crafts. He became an expert miller of flour, a confectioner, and a machinist. The C.R.I. railroad engaged his services as engineer on the railroad and he was master of an engine until the fall of 1863, when the call of patriotism became patent to him and he laid down the instruments and garb of the machinist and donned the military uniform and learned amid the stern realities of active warfare the skill of handling the musket and the saber. He enlisted in Company E., One Hundred and Twenty-Seventh Illinois Regiment, under Sherman and in that relation served faithfully till the winter of 1864, when he was honorably discharged on account of a wound received at Kenesaw Mountain. He was at St. Louis when the discharge came and thence he went to Omaha, where soon after he joined a train composed of ox teams and bound for the territory of Oregon. He completed the trip in good time and without accident or injury from the Indians. His stopping place was Lagrande, and there he at once set about the milling business and to him is due the credit of manufacturing the first barrel of flour that the county of Union ever produced. He steadily pursued this calling until about eight years since, having meantime been prospered in his endeavors, and then sold his entire interests in the plant and business and bought a farm one and one-half miles south from Lagrande. He did not stay long on this property but sold out and joined the Wilson colony of Field and Fireside which settled about thirty-six miles east from Los Angeles, California. In this project he did not remain long, but in 1896 returned to Lagrande and opened a confectionery store, where he remained until his death. He did a good business and his kind and genial ways won for him hosts of friends and his uprightness and uniform and deferential treatment of his patrons gave him a generous patronage which was merited by his fairness and untiring labors to please all. Mr. Crandall married Miss Mary Ann Collins, a native of Virginia, in 1865, and they became the parents of two children, William I. And Charles H. Mr. Crandall was respected and esteemed by all and was one of the substantial and representative men of the county, and one of its most progressive and wide awake citizens. On March 8, 1902, the messenger of death came, and Mr. Crandall lay down to rest from the labors of a long and enterprising career. His remains were interred in the I.O.O.F. cemetery of Lagrande, having been a charter member of that order. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 363, 364 THOMAS H. CRAWFORD. - While Union county enjoys especial favor in possesing a large, well informed, and enterprising class of citizens who fill the walks of the industrial and professional callings she is to be congratulated in having such substantial, broad minded and capable devotees of the legal profession. Prominent in this number, and deserving of a large share of honor for his faithful and successful labors in the courts and in the manipulation of the affairs of the county, and also in a measure of the state politics wherein he has bestowed much care and thought for the welfare of all, is the esteemed gentleman, whose name stands at the head of this article. a man of fine capabilities, fortified with a thorough and extended classical education and then a training in the legal profession that has fitted him in an ample and satisfactory way to handle the deep points of court practice and official counsel, there is also in Mr. Crawford a happy blending of the acumen, determination, and executive ability required in the successful lawyer, which he constantly supplements by a careful and discriminating course of research that has placed him in a commanding position in his profession throughout the county and in adjacent districts. Our subject is the scion of a strong southern family, being born in Washington county, Arkansas, on March 18, 1848, and the son of George A. and Martha A. (Wilson) Crawford. In his native place, he received a good education in the private academy there sustained and in 1870 he came with his parents to Clackamas county, Oregon. The following year, Thomas H. entered the State agricultural College at Corvallis and in 1874 took his degree therefrom. He immediately entered on his course of legal study under the direction and supervision of Judge Strahan, who afterwards was on the supreme bench of the state. Then he was directed in his studies by Judge Kelsey, both of these gentlemen being of Corvallis. In 1876 our subject was admitted to the bar at Salem, and he at once settled in Dayton, Washington, and commenced the practice of the law, remaining in successful practice there until 1878. During this time, he was appointed to the position of probate judge and also served under Captain George Hunter in quelling the Nez Perces, his especial service being as orderly sergeant and scout. Then he removed to Baker city for one year and finally located in Union. For two or three years he was in the firm of Slater, Crawford & Slater, but then went into practice alone and has continued thus until the present time. Mr. Crawford has always taken a keen and lively interest in politics and in 1888 was nominated for district attorney on the Democratic ticket, but the issue of free wool at that time cast the winning count with his opponent, J.L. Rand. In1896, he was nominated for circuit judge on the Democratic ticket in a three-cornered fight. R.J. Slater being nominee on the Populist ticket and Robert Eakin on the Republican ticket, the latter being elected. Mr. Crawford was chairman of the Democratic state convention in 1896, the Democrats and Populists being allied on the free silver issue at that time. On March 19, 1878, Mr. Crawford and Miss Rosa A., daughter of Augustus Smith, now a resident of Grass Valley and a pioneer of the state, were married at Dayton, Washington. The fruit of the union is one son, Clarence H., born in Dayton, Washington May 1, 1879, and now in the junior class in the Stanford University, from which institution will he have completed his classical and legal courses in his twenty-fourth year. Fraternally, Mr. Crawford is associated with the Masons, Lone Pine Lodge, Clackamas county, Oregon; with the Knights of Pythias, in Union; with the Elks, Lodge 338, in Baker City. He is also a member of the Oregon state Bar Association and vice-president of Union county for 1901. In the practice of law, Mr. Crawford has been eminently successful in both the civil and criminal departments and has won for himself a name and reputation that is commendable and praiseworthy. It is also pleasant to state that in addition to the distinct practice of law, Mr. Crawford is especially talented as an orator and on numerous occasions has won plaudits and glowing tributes, while his after dinner orations and extemporaneous speeches contain brilliant gems of genuine merit and are universally received with applause. As a scholar, a profound student of legal lore, a successful practitioner, a brilliant oragor, a genial and pleasant companion, and a perfect and thorough gentleman, and true man, Mr. Crawford stands to-day a leading figure and enjoys to the full the esteem and confidence of his fellows and is a citizen of loyal spirit and broad views. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 464,465 Copyright 1902 ISAAC N. CROMWELL, M.D. - Perhaps there is no calling of men with which the issues of life and death are so intimately connected s with that of the physician: hence it is that popular sentiment demands a class of men to take up this profession who are in every sense of the word the leaders of their fellows, and especially endowed with keen perception, careful and discriminating judgment, alert faculties and sympathy, with perfect self-possession and steady nerve. The subject of this sketch is one of the votaries of the medical muse, and is today one of Union county's leading practitioners, being a man of deep erudition, sound principles and perfect integrity, which have been manifested in a long, skillful, and successful practice that is large and exacting. Isaac N. Cromwell was born in Murray county, Georgia, on November 27, 1841, being the son of James and Margaret (Shields) Cromwell, farmers of that section. In 1842 they removed to Tennessee, remaining there until 1850, then went to Smith county, Texas. In 1871 the father died, and in 1879, the mother passed away at Eugene, Oregon. Our subject was educated in the public schools of the various sections where he lived, and in 1868 went to New Orleans and attended the medical college at that place. In 1872, he migrated to Oregon and entered the medical department of the Willamette University, whence he took his degree in 1873. He at once commenced the practice of medicine in Eugene, Oregon, and remained there until the spring of 1876, when he removed to Alsey, remaining until 1877, and then on April 8, 1877, he located in Union and since that date he has constantly pursued the practice of his profession here. For twenty-four years he has given his entire time and attention to his chosen art and science, but one month of that time has he given himself a vacation. While he handles a large and general practice, he has gained great distinction as an obstetrician, and is especially skillful in this line of medical practice. The Doctor has gained a fine reputation, which is thoroughly established by his skill and knowledge and unlimited success throughout the county, and he is abreast of the times, being a careful and discriminating (?). He is a member of the State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association, being held in high esteem (?) his medical colleagues. On October 6, 1887, the marriage of Dr. Cromwell and Miss Maggie, daughter of M. Eagleton and Rebecca (Stolwell) Walker was solemnized in Union. Mrs. Cromwell came from a family of early pioneers to the state. On May 30, 1892, the messenger of death came and took the happy bride hence and the Doctor was called to mourn this sad event. He has ever manifested such uprightness and integrity and honor in the practice of medicine and in his general demeanor that he has won the entire confidence of the populace and the public in general, while his skill and success have given him a patronage that is both gratifying and lucrative. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 288 Copyright 1902 JOHN L. CURTIS. - As one of the early and sturdy pioneers who assisted in opening these regions for the occupancy of his fellows that were to follow from the eastern states, and who has wrought with energy and assiduity in their development since, manifesting an ability and wealth of resources that have enabled him to grapple with the different problems that confront the frontiersman, and to overcome in these undertakings the subject of this sketch is deserving of a representation in any work that essays to chronicle the leading and prominent citizens of the county of Union. Mr. Curtis was born in the east in the year 1827, and had the misfortune to have his father removed from him by death. His uncle was appointed his guardian and at the tender age of twelve years, our subject entered upon the realities of life for himself, his first occupation being to act as a silver-plater for the famous firm of Rogers Brothers. Six years he continued with this company and then came west to Jackson county, Missouri, where he was favored with an opportunity to attend the Chapel Hill College, a privilege which he was not slow to take hold of and improve to the best advantage. Following his retirement from the college he acted as salesman in Independence for a time and then in 1850 came to Sacramento, California. For a time after arriving there, he was occupied in packing supplies to meet the incoming emigrant trains, and then came to this section in the year of the great freeze. He first went on to the Florence diggings and there mined a short time and then went to Elk City and operated a store for a time, and then came out to the Grande Ronde valley and there bought a pack train. With this he did business for one year between the mining camps of this section and Umatilla and then sold out the entire train and went to prospecting. It was not long before he had discovered the Sanger mine on Eagle Creek and for about three years subsequent to that time he was engaged in mining and then repaired to Lagrande, where he lives at the present time. More or less he has been in public office in Union county since his settlement in Lagrande and among the positions where he has done efficient and faithful service may be mentioned that of county surveyor, county sheriff for four years, to years as chief of police of Lagrande, and in other capacities. In politics he is one of the old Jeffersonian Democrats and a stanch supporter of the principles, which he believes to be for the welfare of all. Fraternally, Mr. Curtis is associated with the A.F.&A.M., and is prominent in its councils and meetings. In 1866, Mr. Curtis was married to Miss Almira Wells, a native of Ohio, whose parents were early pioneers to this county. To grace the union we note the advent of four children, whose names are as follows: William, Jesemine, Arthur and Elmer. Mr. Curtis is one of those worthy characters that pushed into the fastnesses and wildness of the domain of nature in these regions and wrought with a strong hand and a brave heart and wise head in opening places for mankind to dwell, and to-day he is passing the golden years of his eventful and interesting career in the quiet enjoyment of a good home, where once he saw but the dreary prairie and heard the howl of the wild animal and the fiercer yell of the savage. During these years of interim he has seen the county grow from a few struggling settlements to one of the strongest and most wealthy in the state and his hand and heart have ever been for its advancement and the welfare of every citizen domiciled within its precincts, and the result is that on every hand he is honored by his fellows and has now to enjoy the emoluments of thrift and industry. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 263, 264 Copyright 1902 HOSEA L. DAUGHERTY, Deceased. - Were a compilation of the character that the history of Union county purports to be, to leave from its pages an epitome of the life of the late esteemed and beloved citizen of our county, whose name appears at the head of this article, there would be cause for weighty criticism, since he wrought here for the advancment of the county, and labored for its material progress with a skill and energy that commended him to every true citizen, while his life of uprightness and reputation untarnished made him the recipient of the esteem and confidence of all. In Coshocton county, Ohio, on August 1, 1834, Hosea L. was born to John and Jane (Mitchell) Daugherty. In his native place, he acquired an education from the district schools, that most worthy of all American institutions, and when he had arrived at the age of seventeen, in company with his oldest brother, he started across the plains to California. The trip was destined to be a sad one, for when well out on the plains, his brother sickened and despite all care that could be bestowed grew steadily worse until death ended his sufferings. Bereft of his wise counsel and companionship, it required courage and pluck for the young man, left to pursue the journey to its end. However, he did so and soon was found in Shasta county and at Humboldt Bay, giving his attention to mining. Later he repaired to southern Oregon and took up freighting, operating between Umatilla and the various camps of Idaho. This work continued until 1863 when he selected the present home place, two miles north from Cove, where he took land and gave his attention to general farming and stock raising, achieving the success that is attendant upon intelligence, industry, and thrift, being numbered with the leading men in these occupations in his sections and known as one of the most upright and substantial residents of the county. In Iowa, on March 21, 1872, occurred the marriage of Mr. Daugherty and Miss Juliet, daughter of Jepseph and Martha J. (Carle) Fisher, and the fruit of the union are the following children: Amy J., wife of L.D. Sutherland, who lives adjoining the old place; Helen L., in Illinois; Frank M., at home; Carrie M., at home; and one who died. Mr. Daugherty was called form his albors and home on December 26,1893, and his demise was a time for sincere mourning, for all who knew him as he was a good and honorable man. He was a member of the Grange and Farmers' Alliance and took considerable interest in these associations, but in politics he was not desirous of preferment, refusing to qualify when he was elected to the office of justice of peace, but still always laboring for the welfare of the county and its population. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 461 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page JAMES M. DE MOSS. - This well-known musician of Eastern Oregon was born at Greensburg, Indiana, May 15, 1837. As a child he removed to Iowa with his parents, and in that state was reared, receiving his higher education at Western College. At eighteen he became a teacher of music, and three years later was married to Miss Elizabeth a., daughter of Reverend Henry Bonebrake. He spent his early manhood as an exhorter in the United Brethren church. In the great patriotic meetings held during the days of the Civil war by Honorable Henry Wilson, and others, he was appointed to lead in vocal music, thus assiting in helping on the Union army. In 1862 he crossed the plains to Oregon. Arriving at Powder river about the middle of September, he was so much delighted by seeing the swarms of salmon disporting in the clear waters of the stream and was morever so well pleased with the surroundings of the place, that he stopped at this point, locating and building a cottage hotel, where now stands the town of North Powder. Here he put in a fish trap and built a toll bridge, the latter of which remains, having little need of repairs. He soon resumed clerical labors as missionary, and labored extensively in the eastern section. In the spring of 1863 occurred the rush to the Idaho mines; and thousands of persons crossed the bridge. John Hailey established there his line of stages. In the midst of this activity, Mr. De Moss reaped a golden harvest, and in the autumn sold out to excellent advantage, removing with his family to The cove, and throwing a toll bridge across the Grande Ronde river at the base of the mountain known by his name. He also built a mill, but sold both properties soon afterwards, and invested in mines, making and losing a fortune. It was in 1867 that he began teaching music as a profession, operating in the Cove, in the Grande Ronde, in the Walla Walla and the Umatilla regions. Taking a transfer from the annual conference of his church, he began giving concerts with his family, who also developed great musical ability. In 1872 he took a tour East as far as Iowa, traveling with his family under the name of the DeMoss Concertists of Oregon, the members being himself, and wife, and the children, Henry S., George G., Lizzie, Minnie and May. All the children were under twelve years, and were even thus early known as musical prodigies. The professor still continued teaching becoming principal of the Normal Musical Institute at Des Moines, and there constructing a chart, called the Key to Music. On account of the failure of the health of Mrs. De Moss, who was also a teacher in the Institute, the family returned to the Pacific states, giving concerts en route through Colorado, at the summer resorts and parks, and continuing the same in the prominent towns by way of Salt Lake to san Francisco. The following summer they continued their tour through Utah and Idaho, and brought their wanderings to a close in Wasco county, Oregon, where they secured 840 acres of land, form which they set off 80 acres of the site of a town, - DeMoss Springs. They have continued their concerts, making tours each year, although in 1886 the family circle was sadly broken by the death of Mrs. DeMoss, and of the daughter May, while they were in California. There are therefore now five members in the household, all of whom write songs and compose music to accompany. They are appropriately styled The Pioneers Concertists of Oregon, and Lyric Bards of the Mountain West. They have been making a successful concert tour of late to the far Eastern states, but still retain their residence in Oregon. Page 297 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 JEREMIAH DE SPAIN, - This veteran among the pioneers of Union and Umatilla counties illustrates in his career what one may accomplish on this coast. Coming here a poor man, he left at his death a competence valued at many thousand dollars. He was born in Knox county, Kentucky, in 1833, being the fifth child of Benjamin De Spain, whose family numbered six sons. In 1836 he removed with his parents to Warren county, Illinois, and there, on his father's farm, acquired the habits of industry, and obtained what education was afforded in the frontier schoolhouses. In 1852, having attained his physical growth, he grew tired of the close work and small wages of his home country, and crossed the plains to Oregon. The journey was toilsome and perilous; but, despite Indians and cholera, and a thousand hardships, the Willamette valley was reached; and in Lane county our young pioneer found a home. He took up the livery business a few years, but, upon the outbreak of the great Salmon river mines excitement, began the hazardous work of packing thither. He avoided or escaped all the difficulties which wrecked the "prairie schooners" of the navigator of the plains and mountains, and in 1862 was able to locate to good advantage in the Grande Ronde valley. In 1866 he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy E. Howard, daughter of Reverend William H. Howard, of Monmouth, Oregon. This lady was in every respect his worthy companion, sharing his toils and labors, and giving zest and enjoyment to his successes. Soon after their marriage the energetic young couple went onto a sheep ranch on Birch creek near a stage station since known as Pendleton, and in 1872 moved into the town, which by this time had attained some importance. Here Mr. De Spain began to devise means for improving the place. He still kept his sheep, but the avails of his business he began to use in erecting buildings. The result of this policy is the De Spain Block on Court street, adjoining the Villard House. It was built in 1887 at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, and is one of the best business structures in the city. It was erected after his death; but the building was according to his plans and arrangements. During the winter of 1886, owing to long and close application to business, his health suddenly gave way; and at the solicitation of his family and friends, who hoped that the change might benefit him, he went East. But their hopes were not realized; and a few days after his arrival in Illinois, his old home state, his death occurred. He left a wife and seven children, who reside in Pendleton. His loss from the community has been deeply felt and universally deplored; but the results of his life remain to the city and to his family. His were the virtues which our young men may well emulate. Page 300, 301 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 FRANKLIN T. DICK, - The present postmaster of La Grande was born in Westport, Kentucky, May 7, 1840, where he remained until 1861, receiving a common-school education. In 1863 he removed to Burlington, Iowa, and in the latter part of the year went to Nevada. In 1864 we find him at the Silver City mines, Idaho; and from this point in 1866 he found his way to La Grande, where he has remained ever since. In 1870 he began domestic life, marrying Miss Marquise Lewis; and they now have a family of three boys and one girl. After coming to La Grande, Mr. Dick was engaged seven years in agriculture, and then occupied the position of host of the best hotel in the place for another seven years. He has been serving as postmaster more than two years. His political record is of an honorable character, he having been elected to the Oregon legislature, where he served his constituents with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the public. He has recently become heir to fifteen thousand dollars left him by J.B. Stevens, the founder of East Portland. The public may well congratulate Mr. Dick upon this good fortune, feeling certain that it could have fallen into no more worthy hands. Page 303 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 WILLIAM I. DISHMAN. - This work purporting as it does to give in review the careers of the leading and substantial men of this county, would be quite incomplete were there failure to mention in proper form the influential and progressive business man of Elgin whose name appears at the head of this article, and whose well known vigor and ability in the business world are recognized by all, being at the present time vice-president and resident manager of the well known G.M.&S. Company, and one-third owner of the capital stock, which company does a large business in general merchandise including hardware of all kinds, lumber and implements. Mr. Dishman was born in Callaway county, Missouri, on August 3, 1859, the son of William S. and Elizabeth (Greer) Dishman, natives of Kentucky. The parents came to Missouri in the early fifties, being pioneers to that state, and then migrated to Oregon in 1883, and at the present time are living in Huntington, Baker county, Oregon. Our subject worked with his father in Missouri until 1879, then came to Oregon, handling stock in the Wallowa valley until 1882, then went back to induce his father to come to this country. As soon as business affairs could be closed out the father came out and with our subject and two brothers, Robert and John, started the cattle business in Wallowa valley under the firm name of W.S. Dishman & Sons, the year that the business was inaugurated being 1884. The firm owned property on Swamp and Pine creeks and the Imnaha. They did a thriving business, and later our subject and his brother, John, bought the father's interest and continued the business under the firm name of Dishman Brothers. In 1895 William I. Bought out his brother and continued the business until 1897, then sold the entire property of stock, land and improvements, and in August of that year removed to Elgin to live. He traveled about for some time to search some opening and then in company with others, bought the store being erected in Elgin by the I.C.M.&M. Company of Island City, and launched the company now known as the G.M.&S. Company, which is one of the strong concerns of the county, and does a good business in general merchandise, lumber, and implements. The house is under the management of the subject of this sketch and has achieved a good success and won a patronage that gives it the meed of brilliant success. The marriage of Mr. Dishman and Miss Sallie, daughter of James and Mary Day, natives of Kentucky, but now farmers in Paradise, Wallowa county, was solemnized on June 13, 1894, and two children have come to gladden the happy home, Clarence W., born January 16, 1897, and Ruth, born March 31, 1900. Mr. Dishman is a member of the K. of P., Orion Lodge, No. 73. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church and are devoted supporters of the tenents of their faith. Mr. Dishman has an attractive home and provided with all the modern conveniences and is considered one of the most substantial men of the community, while he has always manifested unswerving integrity and maintained an untarnished reputation. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 432, 433 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page JOHN DOBBIN. Deceased. - It now becomes our privilege to place in these enduring chronicles of Union county a brief review of the career of the esteemed gentleman whose life was passed largely in this section, and who so lived that he won the respect and confidence of all, and our record would be quite incomplete did there not appear this memorial to this exemplary citizen and worthy man. Native of Ohio, born March 3, 1841, he was removed at the age of three years to Illinois by his parents, William and Mahitable Dobbin, where he grew to budding manhood on the farm, and at the age of seventeen years turned to the west with an adventurous spirit and desire to explore its resources and search for himself its treasures. He landed in Pike's Peak country in the midst of the excitement that prevailed there in early times and spent some time in frontier experiences and then returned to Illinois. In 1863 he started on the perilous and arduous journey across the plains to Oregon, where he embarked in farming and stock raising. A goodly measure of success attended his industrious efforts, and for years he was one of the substantial and stanch citizens of the county and prominent in political matters. He was a charter member of the Masonic lodge in Union, having assisted in organizing the first lodge there. August 6, 1891, at the age of forty-nine, he was called to lay down the cares and burdens of this life and pass to the world beyond. His funeral was a time of universal mourning, he being beloved and esteemed by all. The widow, Mrs. Florence Dobbin, with five children, was left to mourn the sad loss, and upon her has fallen the burden and cares of the family. Mrs. Dobbin is a native of Indiana, but was taken by her parents to Missouri when an infant, and when she was nine years of age was brought to Union county, her father, D.W. Johnson, being an early pioneer here. In this county occurred her marriage with Mr. Dobbin and they became the parents of five children as follows: Hattie, Margaret, John, William and James. Mr. Johnson resides in Union county, but his wife died here in 1892. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 284 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page ELVERDO DRAPER. - To the leading and prominent citizen, whose name initiates this paragraph, we are pleased to accord a representation in this volume because he has manifested during the years in which he has been domiciled in Union county ability of a fine order, and because he has materially assisted in the progress of the county and substantially aided in its upbuilding, while he has developed its resources and augmented its wealth by his enterprising endeavors in his private business; and during all this commendable course there has not only been displayed a praiseworthy sagacity and integrity but a meritorious conduct and morality and uprightness that have marked Mr. Draper as a light in the community, to which one is pleased to refer. He was born in Essex county, New York, on August 28, 1848, to Henry and Emily (Palmer) Draper, and with his parents ten years later came to Scott county, Iowa, where they rented land. Here and at his native place he received his schooling and worked on the farm in Iowa until he was twenty years of age. At that time he was married to Miss Adeline, daughter of Cyrenus and Melinda Pelham, natives of New York state. To them were born the following children: Maryette, wife of G.S. Johnson, of Union; Lula, wife of William M. Cockrell; Maude Ethel, wife of Albert Logan, of Union; and on July 11, 1888, their only son, Dick, was born to them. For two years subsequent to his marriage he farmed with his father-in-law and then rented a quarter section for himself which he operated until 1871, when he started for the state of Oregon, coming to Keiton via rail and from there by horse teams, arriving in the Grande Ronde valley on October 26, 1871. He first worked by the month for Mr. Ames, who was running a dairy and then he bought the place which is eight miles from Union on the Cove and Big Creek road, and he lives there at the present time. He has steadily added by purchase to the original grant until he has a magnificent domain of fourteen hundred and eighty acres, all lying contiguous. He operated a dairy for three years and then turned his attention to raising sheep. While running the dairy he shipped butter and his other products to the mining centers and received his groceries from Umatilla Landing. In the sheep industry he was eminently successful, handling the Merinos and crossing with the black faced Shropshires. In 1899 he sold his flocks and bought cattle, but at the present time he is considering the advisability of again buying sheep. He farms about three hundred acres and has in addition about one hundred and twenty which is sowed to grass from which he receives annually from one hundred and fifty to three hundred tons of good hay. In October, 1897, Mr. Draper was called to suffer the loss of his faithful companion who was summoned across the river of death. On April 12, 1898, the marriage of Mr. Draper and Mary Kneeland, a native of Massachusetts, was solemnized, and on July 11, of the following year she died after a long and painful illness., On March 10, 1901, the marriage of Mr. Draper and Miss Rosana E., daughter of Albert T. and Eliza Doyle, natives of Canada was celebrated. Mr. draper is an elder in the Seventh Day Adventist church, where he is highly esteemed and is active in the interests of his faith. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 308,309 Back to top of page RICHARD M. DUNCAN. - A representative man of Union county, and an agriculturist who has wrought for the general advancement and interest of the county since his residence here, which dates back to a very early pioneer period, the subject of this sketch is richly deserving a place in this volume that purports to accord a review to the leading men of this section. In Callaway, county, Missouri, Richard M. was born to Frederick and Elizabeth (Gibson) Duncan, on August 25, 1859. In 1864 the parents gathered their substance together and essayed the long journey across the wild plains to the fertile region of the Grande Ronde valley. Ox teams were utilized in the pilgrimage and six months were consumed in it. Weary and travel worn the little company drew up in the Cove and there sought out a location, settling on raw land and working out their home from the resources of the country. Government land was taken and there our subject passed the days of his minority, gaining the education that fortified him in the race of life. There, also, on Jun 9, 1879, he married Miss Julia, daughter of David and Lydia Goble. Mr. and Mrs. Goble live near the Medical Springs and they came across the plains in 1864 from the state of Iowa, settling here on the place where they now reside. Our subject and his wife moved to the vicinity of Huntington, in 1879, and in 1881, they returned to Union county, settling on their present place, one-half mile north of Medical Springs, where they own a fine farm of one-quarter section. The land is well improved, being largely under cultivation and embellished with comfortable residence, large barn, and substantial outbuildings and well selected orchards. General farming and stock raising occupy the attention of Mr. Duncan and he has made a good success of these undertakings. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born the following children: Jessie, Claudia, May, Winthrop, George, Guy, Leslie and Virgil. Mr. Duncan's mother died in 1878 and the father departed this life in 1881. Illustrated History Of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 398, 399 Copyright 1902 REV. ABRAHAM EADS. - It is very fitting that in the history of the county with which we have to do at the present time, their should be incorporated a resume of the career of the beloved and esteemed gentleman, whose name appears at the head of this article, and whose life of usefulness has been so intimately and potently connected with the affairs of the county and the country in general adjacent to our borders until now he has grown venerable in the service and the silver threads remind that the toils, hardships and vigils are nearer done and victory is at hand. In Cole county, Missouri, in the year 1829, commenced the pilgrimage of our subject and five years before the memorable "Forty-nine," accompanying his parents, he came overland with teams. While enroute to the Willamette valley, they camped on the present site of Lagrande, but continued their journey until they had reached their destination in Yam Hill county, where the parents, Samuel and Susana H. (Collett), settled to make an honest living from the soil, and there they toiled and fought the battle of life until the time of home going came, and they rest peacefully beneath the sod there to-day. From his portion of the estate, our subject erected a monument to their memory. Until twenty-three years of age, Abraham remained with his parents and then took a donation claim for himself and wrought as an agriculturist for two years, his claim being in the edge of Polk county and consisting of three hundred and twenty acres. Like many who have made the most sterling successes and wrought on the most substantial achievements, he began to turn his mind to the acquiring of an education rather late, as it appears to some. He was twenty-five when he fully decided that he was called to the ministry and then he went to the Willamette University and commenced a course of preparation for his life's work. Well and faithfully he toiled until he had a fair education and then commenced the grand calling of telling out the gospel. His instruction had largely been under President F.S. Hoyt, D.D., and President T.M. Gatch, and the course was completed in 1862. In 1874 he joined the East Oregon and Washington conference, now known as the Columbia river conference, the noted and widely known H.K. Hines being presiding elder. He served Union, Lagrande, Milton, Canyon City and Centennial charges, buckling on much of the time the harness of the real circuit rider, which worthy character is less seen now than one could wish. In 1884, his Alma Mater, conferred upon him the degree of A.M., and the same year Bishop Fowler transferred him to the Idaho conference and appointed him to the Boise City district, the leading district of the conference. Following this he served in Umatilla, Canyon City, and various other places until three years, since when he deemed that it was time for him to retire from the more arduous and active duties of his work and so settled in Lagrande upon property that he had bought in 1880. He is on the superannuated list and is content to pass the remainder of his days in the quiet retreat that he has prepared for himself wife who has been his constant companion during the years of service in the fore front of the battle in promulgating the gospel of the grace of God. In was in 1874 that the marriage of Mr. Eads and Miss Emily, daughter of George and Elizabeth (Saxby) Killich, natives of England, was celebrated. Mrs. Eads had come to this country to visit her sister, Mrs. Henry Hall, near Prairie City, Grant county, and there the marriage occurred. Mrs. Eads has shared in the toil and service of her husband being the true and Christian helpmeet and gracious lady, which character has always been exemplified in her life. The golden years of the noble and faithful preacher of the gospel are beginning to run apace and in conformity to the teachings of the Master of whom he has told for these years, he is rounding out his life with faithful testimony and praiseworthy deeds. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 259,260 Copyright 1902 JUDGE ROBERT EAKIN. - While Union county is so especially favored in having men of energy and talent in the various callings of human industry and learning, there is no profession that is more signally marked by the men of ability within its ranks than the legal, and as a leader among this class stands the gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, and who is well and favorably known throughout eastern Oregon. Judge Eakin is a profound student of the literature of his chosen profession, having added by careful and thorough research to a mind well poised for weighing the questions of human justice an erudition and fund of information that enables a searching and keen perception to select for the intricate problems that are daily encountered by a deciding jurist the authority needed and lay down the principles applying. Adding to this an acumen and breadth of grasp that are happily blended in his make-up, we have in Judge Eakin a judicial representative that the county of Union may well feel proud of and in whom, we are pleased to state, commendable pride is taken. At Elgin, Kane county, Illinois, Robert Eakin was born in 1848, being the son of Stewart B. and Catherine (McEldowney) Eakin, natives of Ireland. In 1866 the family removed to Willamette valley and settled at Eugene, Lane county, the parents remaining their until the time of their death. Robert entered the Willamette University at Salem, at the age of twenty-one, and began the study of law. With the characteristic pluck and grit of his race, he made his own way through the university by teaching and acting as assistant in the office of the surveyor of the county. In 1873, he took his degree from the university and in the following year he was admitted to the bar, and in 1875 he came to Union and located. From his advent into the county he took an active part in politics, serving for many years a chairman of the Republican county committee. In February, 1895, the eighth judicial district was created and Mr. Eakin was appointed by Governor Lord as judge. In June of the following year the people elected him for a term of six years in the same office, where he is at the present time. The decisions of Judge Eakin have been marked and clear cut ever adhering to the line of justice and equity, and he is highly respected by all and universally beloved as man of fearless impartiality and a stanch champion of the principles of truth. In 1876 the marriage of Robert Eakin and Miss Mary, daughter of M.E. and Rebecca (Stowell) Walker, early pioneers to Eugene, was celebrated, and the union has been blessed by the following issue: Ethel, who died in 1878; Georgie B., aged nineteen; Robert S., Gertrude M., Harold C. The judge is affiliated with the Masons, Lodge No. 56. He has a fine residence in Union and is a highly honored member of the bar. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 264, 265 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM ECCLES. - Among the giants of achievement in our county perhaps there are none that stand higher in the estimation of the people, while he manipualtes great business interests not only that are vitally connected with the welfare of our county but that are far reaching in the great industries of the land, that he of whom we would attempt to give in brief review the salient points of his life's history. Great breadth of comprehension, coupled with keen financial foresight and fine executive ability, together with excellent judgment in the business affairs of men, are some of the qualities that have made William Eccles a prominent figure in the northwest. We are made aware of the stanch integirty and intrinsic worth of our subject when we learn that is birthplace was Scotland, having come of a sturyd family of fine quality and ability. The year of his birth was 1860, and his parents, William and Sarah (Hutchinson) Eccles came to Ogden, Utah, in 1864. The father was a master workman at the turner's lathe and in the quiet and steady pursuit of this industry he occupied his time and gained meawhile the high estimation of his fellows and rose to prominence in his church, that of the Latter Day Saints. His ability and integrity are manifest, and he is entrusted with responsible functions in these relations. Our subject faced the world at the time of his majority, being girded for activity and soon we find him in the lumber business, in which capacity he straighway rose to prominence and amassed a property that was commendable and gratifying. At the present time he has large interests in Utah, Oregon and Washington, and is a controlling factor in much of hte manipulation of this mammoth industry. The tireless energy and bright talens of Mr. Eccles were not satisfied with this triumph in one line of industry, but he has added to this that he is treasurer of the Sumpter Valley Railroad, making him prominent in the circles of the controllers of the O.R.&N.R.R. In the electric system of Baker City Mr. Eccles has a large interest. But in the manufacture of the staple product of sugar Mr. Eccles has gained a prominence that stamps him as a leader in no uncertain terms. He is manager of the Oregon Sugar Company at Lagrande, but in addition to this he also has large interests in factories at Logan and Ogden, Utah. The combined output of these large factories gives Mr. Eccles, with his associates, the control of such a large quantity of this product that he is recognized as no mean antagonist in the markets of the land. In the circles of his church he has been favored with the confidence nad esteem of his fellows in a marked degree, being connected with the leading and progresive movements of hte church and always laboring for its welfare and interests. The marriage of Mr. Eccles and Miss Marion; daughter of Hans and Marion Schow, was consummated in 1884 and they have been blessed by the advent of the following children: William, Pearl; Arnold, who passed away in 1901 and is buried in Ogden; Roland, celia, Irma, Marion, Walker and Thelma. Mrs. Eccles parents came to Utah in an early day and were in the memorable party known as the Hand Cart Company. They are prominent members of the church of the Latter Day Saints or Mormon church. We are favored in the person of Mr. Eccles by one of the foremost men of the county, having been a leader in every enterprise that he has taken up, and to his efforts are due much of the progress and prosperity of our county to-day, having given his widom and energy in unstinted measure to the advancement of the same. In uprightnes and stanch principles of worth as well as in amiableness he has always excelled and has gained the high regards of all. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 399, 400 OTHO ECKERSLEY. - Among the successful and enterprising agriculturists of Union county there must not be failure to mention the esteemed pioneer whose name is at the head of this article, and who has demonstrated his substantial qualities in this county, gaining here a success that is both gratifying and commendable, while he has also exemplified the virtues of good citizenship and the qualities of a true and upright man. Many of our most thrifty and leading population came from the land with which we are most intimately connected, England, and there was born the subject of this sketch on September 23, 1839, being the son of John and Martha (Thorpe) Eckersley. In Lancashire the family remained until 1848, when the father came to the United States, settling in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and there the remainder of the family joined him in 1853. In 1856 they went to Iowa and the father bought one-half section of land, remaining there for two years, then he returned to Pittsburg, where in 1863, he was called from the scenes of earth. The mother died in 1857. In 1860 our subject went to Colorado, engaging in mining near Leadville, California Gulch and other points and then returned to Iowa, where he remained for a time and then fitted out teams and crossed the plains to eastern Oregon, taking up packing and teaming to the mining town of Auburn, operating largely also from Umatilla Landing to Boise, Basin and other mining points. In June, 1863, he came to the Cove and made that his headquarters while he was teaming, wintering his stock there. In February, 1869, he sold the teams and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, three and one-half miles north of the Cove, and there took up the life of the general farmer. Soon he purchased eighty acres more adjoining his original farm, and he gave his attention principally to raising hogs, and strawberries and other small fruits. He was attended with prosperity here and continued steadily at the same work until 1895, when he sold the entire farm and bought twenty acres in Cove. He has improved this in good shape and raises small fruits, together with some winter apples. He cultivates three acres to strawberries and ships his products to all points. The marriage of Mr. Eckersley and Miss Mary L., daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth Owensberg, was solemnized on July 14, 1870, and to them have been born seven children, part of whom are living, as follows: Estella, wife of E.B. Conkling, of Pendleton; Edwin, in the drug business in Idaho; Hattie teaching school in Baker county. In political matters Mr. Eckersley takes the part of the good citizen, but never presses for personal preferment. In 1896 he was the nominee on the Republican ticket for the legislature, but at that election his ticket was defeated. He is one of the substantial and enterprising citizens of the county, who has by his uprightness and faithfulness commanded the respect and won the esteem and commendations of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 366, 367 WALLACE FAIRBANK. - The subject of this sketch is one of the substantial and capable men of Union county, and one who showed the metal of which he was made at the time Columbia called for sons to avenge her insult and to put down the minions of rebellion, at which time he responded and did good service until the work was completed and he was honorably discharged, carrying, however, until this day the serious effects of his service and the wounds that he received. Mr. Fairbank was born in St. Lawrence county, New York on July 27, 1848, being the son of Luther and Nancy (Green) Fairbank. At the early age of ten he started for himself and when he was fifteen years old he enlisted in Company H, First Wisconsin Cavalry, under Colonel Lagrange. In June, 1864, he was detailed to take a wagon train from Nashville, Tennessee, to Atlanta, Georgia, and enroute he was troubled much with guerilla bands, and on one occasion he was prostrated from over exertion, which, with its effects, is present with him, now. While attacking General Wheeler at Spring Hill, he had a horse shot from under him, and in falling the animal crushed the side of our subject, and although he was sent to the hospital, he never recovered his wonted vigor. After his discharge he returned home, and in 1871 went upon an expedition to hunt buffalo, wolf, bear, and so forth, which lasted for three years. Making a good thing from this trapping and hunting expedition, he then turned his attention to farming, taking a homestead in Filmore county, Nebraska. He made the land into a fine farm, then sold and went to York county, buying one-half section of school land, and thence in 1878 he went to the Grande Ronde valley, taking up the stock business for ten years, and went for one year to Long Valley, Idaho: thence to the Sacramento valley in California, and one year later returned to Grande Ronde valley, purchasing two hundred and forty acres of wood land. He followed the wood business until taken with a stroke of paralysis, and then they removed to their present place in Old Town, Lagrande. This was in 1892. He is slowly recovering from the stroke. Since the date mentioned, his wife has managed their business, and they now have a nice business of poultry raising, handling many fowls, and owning some of the finest pens in the state. They have capacity for two thousand chicks in brooders, and for fourteen hundred eggs in the incubators, while the brooders are heated with a ten/horse boiler. In 1873, Mr. Fairbank married Miss Jennie, daughter of John and Janet (Thornton) Honey. They are prosperous in their business and are highly esteemed in the community. It is of note that in the poultry business they handle about five thousand ducks and chicks each year, and theirs is one of the most completely and practically equipped plants in the west, and their wisdom and skill have made it a boundless success. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 283, 284 Copyright 1902 JACKSON FICKLE. - It is to the pioneer, sturdy, brave, and proud against hardhsip, with a spirit ready to undertake any task or face any danger, that we owe a debt of gratitude for the development of these fertile regions of eastern Oregon, and all too soon that worhty figure is passing from these scenes where he labored so faithfully, and planted the banner of civilization on the hitherto undisturbed plains of nature's domain. An exemplary member of that deserving and noble band is the gnetleman that it is now our pleasant task to epitomize as to his career in a brief review. From the stanch old buckeye state, in Marion county, came Jackson Fickle, having been born in 1832 to Daniel and Hetty (Tipton) Fickle. While yet a child he was removed to Cass county, Indiana, where the parents remained until the time of their death. In 1858 our subject went to Missouri, and one year later on to Denver, and after spending one or two years there he returned to Missouri and on May 1, 1862, he turned his teams to the west and took up that memorable journey across the plains. Without serious accident or molestation from the savages he landed in Auburn, Baker county, in due time. Here he operated as a freighter for some time between Columbia river and Idaho City and Boise, then went to the Grande Ronde valley and took a quarter-section of land where he has lived since, engaged in the art of agriculture. His place is one mile east from Union and he is one of the leading farmers and stockmen of the county. He has added to his estate from time to time at the present he owns one section of good land that is well improved and handled in a very satisfactory manner. In 1857 Mr. Fickle and Miss Rachel M. Lamb were married, and to them has been born two children, Coree, who died in June, 1898, and Ed, who is a farmer in the vicinity. Mr. Fickle has had much experience in the adventures and incidents that fall to the lot of the frontiersman, and to detail them all would fill a volume, but let it be said to his credit that in every part of his walk he has gone forward with a firmness and perseverance that are very praiseworthy, and the commendabe results of his labors in these regions speak highly of sagacity in planning, energy and industry in executing and skill in conserving the resources and the results of his labors. He is highly respected by all, and now in the golden years of his life he is enjoying the fruits of his labor and is blessed with the confidence of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 283, 284 Copyright 1902 William Fine WILLIAM FINE. - Any compilation that purports to chronicle the careers of the leading men of Union and Wallowa counties would be open to great criticism, were there failure to incorporate therein an epitome of the gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, since he is one of the most influential and prominent men of this entire section, being well known over the two counties and as highly esteemed as he is widely known: and since he has achieved a good success here in various enterprises, thus demonstrating his ability to handle the affairs of the business world in a winning manner: and since he is possessed of a genial nature and affability and integrity that stamp him as one of the stanch and substantial citizens. Our subject is a product of the Webfoot State, being born in Marion county, on January 30, 1854, to Thomas L. and Amelia J. (Haskin) Fine, natives respectfully of Missouri and Illinois. The father came to Oregon in 1847, went to California in the following year, took up stock raising there on the Feather river, also operated a ferry boat on the river until 1852, then sold out and returned to Oregon, taking a donation claim of one half section in Marion county. Stock raising and farming occupied him there until 1864, when he sold out and brought cattle to Walla Walla county, remaining there in the cattle and sheep business until 1870. In that year he came to Union county, settling on Indian creek, three miles north from Elgin, taking three hundred and twenty acres of land. In 1882, he removed to Wallowa valley, near Lostine, and in 1885, removed to Joseph where he opened a hotel, but later retired from active business. In the fall of 1890, he died and is buried in Prairie creek cemetery near Joseph. The mother died on June 28, 1901, and is buried at Elgin. She was living with our subject at the time. Returning now to our subject, he started for himself in 1872, handling cattle in Whitman county, Washington, whence in 1873, he went to southern Idaho in the same business, and in 1875 he came to Union county and took up horse raising. Five years later, he sold his horses and bought land east from Elgin, and there farmed until 1889, at which time he sold this property and bought a dry goods stock in Elgin, filling the place of a successful merchant for two years, then closed out and acted as salesman for one year with the I.C.M. &M. Company. Subsequent to this period he went into the cattle business in Wallowa, on Big Sheep creek, and soon afterwards opened a butcher shop in Elgin. Later he opened a livery stable and handled both in a successful manner until 1897, when the stable and all of its contents were burned. Not to be daunted, however, he immediately rebuilt and launched forth in the business with even better success than formerly. In the last year, Mr. Fine has taken as partners the Barnhill brothers, and the firm are now doing the largest business of their kind in this section of the country. During the last year also, Mr. Fine has been acting as agent for the British government and has purchased many horses for them. He was one of the first board of councilmen of Elgin and he remained in office until 1900 and it is but right to say that in all public capacities as well as in private life, the same uprightness, ability, and integrity have characterized Mr. Fine, and wisdom has been his guide. On February 4, 1877, Mr. Fine married Miss Sarah E., daughter of Joseph and Mary A. Harris, mention of whom is made in another portion of this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Fine have become the parents of the following children: Roda J., Nora F., Frank, Hugh, Lee, Buna, Clariss E., and Cecil. Fraternally, Mr. Fine affiliated with the Masons, Elgin Lodge, No. 98. and with the K. of P. Orion Lodge. No. 73. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 426, 427 JOHN FRAWLEY. - It is pleasant to contemplate the faithfulness of the gentleman whose life's career it is now our privilege to outline in brief review. He has won again and again the encomiums of his fellows in the political field and the substantial appreciation of their approbation in being elected to the responsible position of treasurer of Union county, which position he is holding for the third successive term, having been elected on the Republican ticket. John Frawley was born in Syracuse, New York, on May 29, 1850, being the son of Cornelius and Mary (Halliman) Frawley. He was educated in the common schools quite thoroughly and at the building age of eighteen stepped forth from the parental roof to do for himself. he went railroading as brakeman and soon had worked his way to freight conductor. He operated on a number of roads in the east. Eighteen hundred and seventy-two, marks the date of his advent to the west. Nevada being the objective point. He continued railroading and soon we find him in the Grande Ronde valley operating the first freight trains that ran in the valley. he hauled the first passengers that had the distinction to ride into this section on the railroad, the freight train being the conveyance. In 1889 he was conductor on the Hunt line in Washington, where he met with a serious accident, which changed his career. He was assiting tomake up a train and slipping, fell in such a way that the front part of each foot was taken off instantly. He quit railroading and as soon as possible went to keeping a grocery store in Lagrande. One year was spent in this business and then he took up farming until 1898, and then the people called him from the plow to act as custodian of the funds of the county. He has proved both faithful and efficient, as has been his record always, and three terms have been accorded to him, as stated above. Mr. Frawley is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Red Cross Lodge, No. 27, of Lagrande. he is a charter member of the institution and past chancellor. In 1887 Mr. Frawley married Miss Millie Collins, of Summerville, and one child has been the fruit of this union, Harry J., born April 2, 1892.Mr. Frawley ahs a fine five-room residence in Union and his home is the center of refined hospitality under the guidance of his estimable wife who presides with gracious dignity. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 438,439 WILLIAM L. FUGATE. - The well known and representative citizen whose name is at the head of this article is one of the men who have wrought assiduously for the advancement of Union county and especially of the section where he has been domiciled, being oneof the leading citizens of Summerville, where he holds the responsible position of justice of the peace, and also operates a collection agency as well as attending to much business as an underwriter, being one of the highly respected and highly esteemed men of the town. Mr. Fugate was introduced to this life on September 16, 1853, in Schuyler county, Missouri, being the son of Robert B. and Elizabeth C. (McConnell) Fugate. He has been an enterprising and wide-awake man of energy all through his course. His education was gained in the common schools with a course at the Ottumwa Commercial College in Iowa, having also served a good apprenticeship as assistant to his father on the farm in his native county and in Howard county, the same state. Subsequent to the completion of his course he engaged as bookkeeper for a commercial house, then went to New Sharon, Iowa, being married in that city on June 11, 1882, the lady of his choice being Miss Susie, daughter of Cornelius R. and Sara M. (Ross) McGuire. In that same place he was also installed as manager of an express and freight office, continuing in that capacity until the spring of 1883, when he resigned to take up the journey to Summerville, whence he migrated with his family and settled in this vicinity as a farmer. In 1887 he left the farm and engaged with the Summerville milling company as bookkeeper, holding that position until the property burned down. Then he clerked for Wade Brothers and in 1886 he was elected justice of the peace. Subsequent to this event he opened an office in Summerville, and since that time he has been doing a general collecting business handling real estate, loans and insurance, being also agent for the Banker's Life Insurance Company of Des Moines, Iowa, in which he does a representative business. He is serving as justice of the peace at the present time, and is a faithful and capable public officer. He has a tasty,modern residence in the city and also owns other property. He is a member of the I.O.O.F., being a past grand. Mr. Fugate held the responsible office of presidentof the city council for four years and also has acted in other public capacities. Mr. Fugate is actively interested in church and educational affairs and is always laboring for advancement in these as in other lines. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Fugate, namely; Harry C. and Gracie F. Mrs. Fugate's parents came to this country in 1882, the father passing away in August, 1901, but the mother is still living in Summerville. Mr. Fugate is a stockholder in the Summerville creamery and is secretary of the association. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 410, 411 ALEX FURGASON. - One of the earliest pioneers of Union county, and one who has been a real pioneer of the pioneers, the subject of this sketch is eminently worthy to be represented in a work of the character of our volume, since also he has always maintained a bearing of uprightness and manifested principles of truth and probity, and has wrought during all the years of his domicile here for the development of the county's resources and for the interests of all, while he has prosecuted successfully his private business enterprises. Mr. Furgason was born in Rouse's Point, New York, on March 26, 1826, and there he was reared on a farm until he was nineteen years of age. He was well educated in the common schools of his native place, and at the age mentioned he departed from the parental roof and migrated to Pilot Mountain, in the Iron mountains of southwestern Missouri. In that place he assisted in establishing the Iron Mountain Works, where he wrought for three years, then returned to New York on a visit, whence he went to Portage, Wisconsin, and there engaged in lumber business for about fourteen years, or until 1862. In that year he was led by an adventurous spirit to join the Davis train, which was bound for Oregon and across the plains to Union county. While en route they frequently saw the gruesome signs of murdered people who had been slain and robbed by the Indians. Providence smiled on the train with which our subject traveled, and they made the trip without molestation from the savages. They arrived in the Grande Ronde valley October 5, 1862, and Mr. Furgason had the distinction of being the first actual settler on the island where now stands Island City. Provisions were scarce and nature resented the invading of her domain by the pioneers, and they had to struggle hard for all that they secured. Mr. Furgason was practically without capital, except a good strong constitution, indomitable courage and a heart brave and true. He set to work and the scanty means were soon spent in getting provisions. He records that three dollars were paid for a milk pan of vegetables. He made a trip to The Dalles for provisions and seed, using four yoke of oxen and two yoke of cows. Before starting he paid twenty-five dollars for one sack of flour. At The Dalles, a distance of two hundred and ten miles from his homestead, he bought flour at eight dollars per barrel, inferior bacon at twenty-five cents per pound, molasses at two dollars per gallon, wheat and oats five cents per pound, potatoes five cents per pound and dig them himself, chickens one dollar per head, and other things in proportion. Returning across the Blue mountains, he was overtaken in a storm, and only preserved portions of his precious load by building a fire under the wagon. Such were some of the difficulties and hardships of the early settlers of this country. He soon improved is homestead, planted the first orchard, and started to raise the fruits of the soil and rear stock. Steadily he has pursued his way, and abundant success has crowned his efforts. In 1873 he bought four hundred and eighty acres of land, six miles distant from his homestead, where his son, Leander, now lives. In 1880 he bought three hundred and sixty acres for pasture. He handled about three hundred head of horses each year and four hundred cattle. Mr. Furgason was married to Miss Jenette L. Dwinell, daughter of Luther and Caroline (Bryant) Dwinell, and to them have been born four children, George H., Ella (deceased), Leander, and Ada, the first white girl born in the Grande Ronde valley. All are married. Mr. Furgason has always taken an interest in the affairs of government, but has constantly refused office for himself; his political inclinations lead him to be allied with the Republicans. He is one of the most prosperous and progressive farmers of the co8unty, and is highly respected by all. He has wrought so well and faithfully in the county that words are feeble to express the excellency of his career, but the works speak in more eloquent tone than aught else, and now in his golden years he is surrounded by loved ones and has the joy to see his works appreciated and boundless success crowning him. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 320, 321 FRED D. GASKILL. - As a typical representative of the progresive western agriculturist and stockman, than whom there is not a more wideawake and up-to-date individual in the United States, the subject of this brief review stands, and although a man just entering the walks of life, he has manifested an industry and thrift and ability that have rewarded him in a great measure, and which he justly deserves from the efforts put forth. It is gratifying to note how excellently our subject has wrought out for himself here a prosperity and competence that demonstrate both his good financiering and his keen foresight, and practical judgment, while also he has shown the fine moral qualities of worth with which he is so liberally endowed. Mr. Gaskill was born in Lapeer county, Michigan, on September 3, 1871, being the son of Ebenezer D. Gaskill, now a resident of the Grande Ronde valley. As soon as our subject had arrived at school years he attended nine months in every year, until he was thirteen years of age, when he gave his entire attention to assisting his father on the latter's farm, continuing in this praiseworthy occupation until he had reached his majority. In the year 1887 he came with his father to Union county, locating on Sand Ridge, there remaining until twenty-one years of age. At that age he commenced operations on the field of life's activities for himself, first renting a farm of three hundred and twenty acres, which he tilled for three years, producing therefrom each year from three to eight thousand bushels of grain. At the end of his renting period, which was in the year 1901, he selected a farm, three miles east from Lagrande, containing two hundred and forty acres, and purchased it. It is one of the finest farms of the county, having fertile and strong soil. Mr. Gaskill lives there at the present time, and is giving his entire attention to raising the fruits of the field and to handling stock. The farm is well tilled and he is planning good improvements, while his estate is stocked with all necessary utensils and provided with commodious and comfortable buildings. He is classed as one of the most progressive farmers of the county, and surely the unqualified success that has attended him throughout, abundantly sustains that statement. Mr. Gaskill married Miss Nellie M., daughter of George and Rebecca (Lamb) Smith, in 1892, and they have been blessed with twochildren, as follows: Elva May and Ruth R. Mrs. Gaskill's parents were among the very first pioneers that came to dwell in this valley, settling here as early as 1864, securing one of the best farms of the valley, located on the island. Mrs. Gaskill was born in the valley on January 1, 1873. Mr. Gaskill is active in the realm of politics, manifesting a deep and solicitous interest in the welfare of the county and in political matters generally. He is allied with the Democratic party, being a supporter of the stanch Jeffersonian principles. He is also a member of the A.O.U.W. and is generally popular wherever he is known. Mr. Gaskill is a man of ability, execution, and sagacity, while his integrity and uprightness are no less in evidence in his daily walk, and his advent in the county was a valuable acquisition to our population. By way of reminiscence it is interesting to note that the fort for the protection of the settlers in the time of the Indian troubles of 1878 was located in Mr. Gaskill's orchard. The timbers in this edifice were used on the farm and they are still in evidence, as also the port holes bored for the use of rifles. Those times are passed forever and in peace, plenty and contentment the worthy settlers of this grand valley may now repose. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 415, 416 Copyright 1902 JAMES E. GILKISON. - It is very pleasant to note that in place of the old pioneers that are too swiftly passing away from our midst, there is coming a class of industrious and enterprising agriculturists and business men that are doing credit to their illustrious predecessors in handling the resources of the county, and among this worthy number we must not fail to mention the thrifty and capable agriculturist whose name initiates this paragraph, and to whom we accord with pleasure a place in these abiding chronicles of our county, since he is one of the producers of wealth in the county and is also classed among the leaders of the younger population, he himself being native here, and having always wrought beneath the stars of the occident. James E. was born to James and Mary A. (McFadden) Gilkison, on January 24, 1870, the location of his birth being at the home place where the parents now live, on Wolfe creek, four miles west from North Powder. He was raised on a farm and attended the public schools and occupied himself in learning also the art of stock-raising and tilling the soil, until he had reached his majority, when he entered the battle of life on his own account. He gave his attention to farming and stock-raising, being familiar with that, and soon he acquired a good farm, two and one-half miles west from North Powder, where he resides at the present time. His ranch embraces one-quarter section and is well improved and operated in a good manner. He has a substantial barn and comfortable dwelling, besides numerous other accessories that are useful to the ranch. He handles some stock, but gives the larger portion of his attention to producing the fruits of the soil, and bountiful crops are the rewards to him of his endeavors. Mr. Gilkison and Miss Marguerette, daughter of Robert and Marguerette Shaw, were married on November 8, 1898, and they have been blessed by the advent of two children, Norris E. and Robert E. Mr. Gilkison is at the beginning of life, and he has already demonstrated the energy and talent with which he is generously favored, and his wisdom and faithfulness and sound principles all bid fair to make him one of the most substantial and successful citizens of the entire county, while at the present he is esteemed and respected by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 294 Copyright 1902 Mark M. Gilkison is a son of Union county, where he has lived during the greater part of his life, although he followed ranching and logging for a time in other states. He is now conducting a successful business in North Powder and is a popular man in the community. He was born in North Powder May 31, 1871, the son of James and Mary (McFadden) Gilkison, the former a native of Zanesville, Ohio, while the latter was born in Illinois. The father removed with his parents from Ohio to Illinois and in the latter state he married Mary McFadden. In 1864 they removed to Oegon, the journey being made in company with a large party of settlers bound for the west. The father first took up his abode on Wild Horse creek, near Pendleton. After remaining there for two years he removed to the vicinity of North Powder, where he took up a government section of land, four miles west of the town. He later acquired additonal land, making his holdings agregate some seven or eighty hundred acres, one hunded and sixty acres of which comprised some of the finest bottom land in the valley, the rest of his farm being used mostly for pasture. He followed general farming pursuits, raising wheat, oats, barley, rye and hay. He was a substantial citizen and a successful famer, and resided on the old homestead until his death, which occurred on the 5th of March 1911, at the age of seventy-three years. Of his children eleven are living, the subject of this review being the fifth in order of birth. Mark M. Gilkison spent his boyhood on the homestead and received his educaton in the district school. His first business was that of riding the range and logging, at which he spent about eight years, a part of that time residing in California and other states. During those days he had many thrilling experiences such as were incident to the range and logging businesses in the early days. In 1901 he began blacksmithing and about two years later purchased the shop of J. E. Carroll in North Powder having since then successfully conducted that business. Being an influential and able man, he served very efficiently as a member of the city council. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, taking an active interest in the affairs of that order. Mr. Gilkison is a man of more than ordinary intelligence and ablility and is physicially a fine specimen of manhood. He is greatly respected by all who know him and is a leader in the community. From Gaston's History Donated by: Peggy Contreras http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/c/o/n/P-L-Contreras/index.html THOMAS H. GILHAM. - Although born in another state, the subject of this sketch is practically a product of Union county, being educated here and here achieving the success that has attended him in his labors, while he has ever manifested a stanch and unswerving integrity and adherence to the principles of uprightness, laboring for the advancement and upbuilding of the county, as well as prosecuting with vigor and sagacity the private business enterprises that have occupied him. Thomas H. Gilham was born in Siskiyou county, California, on February 13, 1858, being the son of Calvit A. and Almeda (Howell) Gilham. His father was a "Forty-niner" to California from Iowa and while the son was still young came with his family to Josephine county, Oregon and later migrated to the Willamette valley and as early as 1863 was a resident of the Grande Ronde valley. He was a blacksmith by trade and opened a shop in Lagrande, where he beat the anvil to the time of industry and honesty until 1868 and then removed to Island City and there opened the first shop in that town. He bought one hundred and sixty acres of land and supervised a general farming industry until about 1888, when he returned to Iowa and is living in his early home state at the present time. Our subject attended school in Lagrande, gaining, a good education and when he had arrived at sufficient age, rented his father's farm, working the same until 1882. He also served two years as apprentice in a drug store in Island City, and in 1885 purchased his present place, near Alicel. He first bought eighty acres and then added later one hundred more. Twenty of this is timber but the balance is all tilled. He raises good cros of the cereals and has seven acres planted to various kinds of fruit, largely winter apples. Mr. Gilham takes great interest in the culture of fruit and has made good progress in this industry. On June 15, 1881, Mr. Gilham married Miss Flora, daughter of Edward T. and Margarette (McGuire) Neville, and they have been blessed with two children, Almeda, at school in Lagrande and Earl, at home. Mrs. Gilham's father was an early pioneer to California, 1850 being the date of his advent there. In 1871 they came to Union county and opened up the first farm on Sand Ridge. Mrs. Gilham's father was county commissioner of Union county when the court house was built and was a faithful and capable officer. Mr. Gilham has been a member of the county central committee, where his coucils were valuable in the interests of his party. He has also been judge of the election several times and in 1898 he was nominated for county judge, and although his nomination was unanimous, he was defeated in the election by sevnety-seven votes. Mr. Gilham has also been delegate to the state convention. He has three brothers, one G.W. Gilham, being representative to the state legislature from Grant county, Montana; another C.A. Gilham, living in Malheur county. Our subject is identified with the Methodist church, south, and is active in the interests of his faith. He has been in the county from the earliest day and is well acquainted with its history, progress and development and has in all these years maintained an unsullied reputation and displayed a sagacity and intrinsic worth that stamp him as a leader and which eminently qualify him to receive both the esteem and respect of his fellows, which we are constrained to say, he enjoys in an unstinted measure. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 389,390 Copyright 1902 TOBERT T. GLENN. - An amiable and intelligent gentleman who has wrought faithfully for the progress and development of Union county since the time that there has been a Union county, the subject of this sketch is by right entitled to representation in this history of his section, and we are pleased to accord to him space for an epitome of an interesting career that has done much for the country, both by actual endeavor and bright example, while his unqualified success demonstrates the ability with which he has wrought, being today one of the largest farmers in the valley. In Wapello, Iowa, on June 22, 1844, there was born to William S. and Maria (Yates) Glenn the subject of this sketch. The father was a merchant for a time in Pleasantville, Iowa, but in 1862 brought his family across the plains to the Grande Ronde valley. He took up land from the government near Summerville and devoted his attention to freighting and also to farming his land. He handled goods from Portland and Umatilla to the mines of Idaho. In 1871 he removed to Malheur City and engaged in the mercantile business, starting later the town of Plannville, Oregon. On May 9, 1900, in Vale, Oregon, the father died, and the mother had died previously in the east, the date being 1849. Our subject attended school in Iowa and after coming to the Grande Ronde valley, and here also worked with his father in freighting until 1868, when he took land for himself one and one-half miles west from Summerville, and there gave his attention to raising the fruits of the field and handling stock. From that time until the present he has steadily pursued his way, constantly gaining, and to-day he is one of the largest farmers in the county. He owns fourteen hundred and forty acres of land, one thousand of which is under cultivation. He also has some good horses and cattle, the latter being Durham and Shorthorn. In the Grande Ronde valley on September 20, 1868, Mr. Glenn married Miss Sarah, daughter of Henry and Louisa Meyers, natives respectively of North Carolina and Maryland. Eight children have been born to them, as follows: C. Edwin, in Wallowa; William, at Sand Ridge; Arthur; Guy, at school; Williard B., deceased; and Hattie, Daisy, Minnie, Myra, at home. While Mr. Glenn ahs never sought for preferment in the field of politics, he has manifested the interest that is becoming, having given his service as road supervisor and director in the school district. He is residing on the farm that he took up in the early times of the settlement of the valley and his success is full and complete, because of his continuity, his thrift, his ability and his enterprise, which have been manifested constantly in his career, while commensurate therewith is the amiable and upright demeanor that has constantly characterized him. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 328 ALBERT GOOD. - One of Union county's intelligent and enterprising agriculturists and stockmen is named at the head of this sketch and we are constrained to grant him representation in this volume of his county's history since he is one of the leading men of to-day and because he has achieved a very flattering success here, and because his personal characteristics of ability and integrity demand a place for him among those so represented having achieved his splendid success by dint of hard effort and wise management. In Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, on September 25, 1844, the subject of this sketch was born to Jacob and Elizabeth (Courtwright) Good, where he also received a good common-school education and assisted his father on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age. It was in February, 1865, that he turned toward the west, coming by rail to St. Joseph, Missouri, and thence by team of oxen across the plains to Salmon Falls, Idaho, where he engaged with Briggs and Clark to operate a ferry. In March of the following year he came to Lagrande and for three years was engaged in various work, and then bought a team and freighted and logged until 1872, when he came into the valley and bought a farm partly cultivated and devoted his attention to tilling that. In 1884 he purchased another quarter, where he now resides, one and one-half miles north and one and one-fourth miles east from Lagrande. In 1886 he purchased another quarter and now he devotes his attention to general farming, to raising stock and to producing sugar beets, raising as many as eight hundred tons of beets annually, being one of the largest beet raisers of the section. He has an elegant residence of modern design and supplied with all of the improvements, besides commodious barns and outbuildings that cost more than three thousand dollars. He owns also other property and is one of the leading property owners of the county. In 1871 the marriage of Mr. Good and Miss Cordelia, daughter of Frank and Jane (Wantling) Koontz, of Baker county, was solemnized and they have become the parents of the following children: Elizabeth J., wife of Albert Pratt, living in Huntington.; Emma A., wife of Edward Carpenter, living in Lagrande; Nora M., married to Franklin Carpenter, in Lagrande, Minnie E., wife of Robert Safford, living near Pilot Rick, Oregon; Jessie M., and Grover R., living with their parents. Mrs. Good's father was an old pioneer of Baker county and met his death in a painful manner. He was crossing the mountains to his saw mill on Burnt river when his snow show broke and he was left helpless in the snow, and when found was nearly dead, but survived a few weeks. Mr. Good is a Democrat in politics and always active in this field, he is also one of the influential men of the county and highly esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 373, 374 OLIVER P. GOODALL. - Mr. Goodall, one of our best men in developing Oregon, was born in Jefferson City, Missouri, August, 1828, and grew up on a farm, securing a common-school education. At the age of eighteen he left school and joined Colonel William Bent, and spent the winter of 1846-47 at Bent's fort on the Arkansas river, in the capacity of clerk. He there met with continuous adventures, associating with such old mountaineers as Kit and Bob Carson, Bridger, the Calloways, Bill Williams, Dick Dallam, Black Dick Curtis and others; and his recitals of their brave and daring deeds and endurance would fill a volume. In 1847 he went to Mexico in the quartermaster's employ as courier, wagon-master, clerk, and interpreter of Spanish, under Major Sprague, General Howard and others, and remained in Mexico, New Mexico and Texas until the fall of 1849. He met with numerous adventures with Apaches, Mexican guerillas and Comanches, and buried many brave comrades, and was even obliged to leave some unburied. He carries scars in remembrance of Indian arrows, and has vivid recollections of many perils, having been by the side of Major Stein when he was shot in the Sierra Blanco Mountains, where his two bosom companions, Joe Allison and Jim McAllister of Missouri, were left unburied. He also recollects affairs of interest in connection with the Seminole chief, Wildcat, and his sub-chief, Gopher John, a coal-black Negro, campaigning on the Mexican border. In October, 1849, Mr. Goodall was engaged in prospecting for gold in Southern California. In 1850 he had reached El Paso del Norte, and entered the quartermaster's service. In 1851, he went to Texas with a government expedition, and thence eastward home to Jefferson City, Missouri. In 1852, longing once again for the unbounded West, he crossed the plains to Oregon, locating near Oregon City a Donation claim, which he improved and subsequently sold. He mined in Southern Oregon, and was acquainted there with many of the prominent old-timers. In 1861 he came to The Dalles and engaged in mercantile pursuits, becoming interested in real estate in that city and at Umatilla Landing, in which he was very successful. In 1863 he was on the advance wave of mining excitement at Boise, trading and speculating until March, 1865, when he located at Ladd's cañon in the Grande Ronde valley, where he owns at the present time four hundred acres of good farming land. Since coming to Oregon, he had paid two visits to Missouri, one to Frazier river, and one to California, but has found no place so attractive as Grande Ronde valley. From 1881 to 1884 he was assessor of Union county, and in 1886 was elected county judge; and this position he still retains, residing in the very handsome little city of Union. In 1853 he was married at Oregon City to Miss Louisa Bell, a native of Illinois, by whom he has three children. In 1864 he was married, secondly, to Miss Grace Gray of Portland, by whom he has nine children. He has seven grandchildren, and in his sixty-first year is hale and hearty, and as ready as ever to work for the development of his adopted state. He is thoroughly familiar with the topography and resources of Union county, and is very earnest in his belief that it offers inducements to bona-fide homeseekers superior to those of any other portion of the United States. He predicts wonderful developments of the wonderful resources of this county which as yet are only beginning to attract attention. Page 346 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 PETER GOYETTE.- Energetic and enterprising, the subject of this sketch has passed a life of marked activity in the various places where he has migrated, having been in Union county for one-third of a century in which time he has been one of the most successful of its army of agriculturists and stockmen. Mr. Goyette is possessed of all the fervor of the Gallic nature with its vividness and practical powers of accomplishment, and although not native born, has like so many of that noted race, made a most commendable record for patriotism and stability in stanch support of the free institutions of his foster land. He was born to Antoine and Rose (Gouse) Goyette, natives of Canada, in East Canada, near Montreal, on April 5, 1841. There he received his education and remained on the farm with his parents until 1858, when his spirit of adventure led him to the "States." He landed in Burlington, Vermont and went to work at brick-making, cutting wood in the winter, following this for two years, and then took a place in the cotton mills at Three Rivers, Massachusetts, at eleven dollars per month, his board costing eight of that. Three months of this service was sufficient for his restless spirit and on February 5, 1860, he, in company with his cousin and a friend, boarded the steamer Golden Gate and made the trip via Aspinwall to that beautiful bay, the Golden Gate, landing there on February 28, 1860, with but very few dollars in pocket. He could not speak a word of English, but soon had found a job in Oakland of clearing a grain field for a sufficient sum to pay for food, and then the owner planted the ground in potatoes and in May dug them up and they sold the entire crop at five cents per pound. Then he harvested and later went to the redwood forests, Solano county, and made shingles until the spring of 1861, at which time he went to Washoe, Nevada, the mines at that place becoming famous at that time. Mining for himself and working in the larger mines he spent the time until February, 1867, when he went to San Francisco and doctored for a paralytic stroke that he had suffered. In the fall of the same year he took a squatter's right on a piece of land in Solano county and busied himself raising chickens, general farming and hunting until July, 1871, when he came to the Willamette valley and farmed for ten months, and then migrated to the Grande Ronde valley and took up his present ranch, eight miles southeast from Union, in High valley. His original holding was one hundred and twenty acres and to this he added eighty by purchase and one hundred and sixty by right of pre-emption, making a fine estate three-fourths of three hundred and sixty acres. He raises about ninety acres of grain and pastures the balance of the land. He formerly handled cattle and horses, but has disposed of them, and confines his efforts at the present time to farming and raising hogs, and the animals necessary for domestic purposes. Mr. Goyette was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Henry and Julie Choron, on December 25, 1870, and to them were born the following children: Joseph, born in 1873, now a railroad man at Roseburg, this state; Valentine, born in 1881, now the wife of Fred Mayette, a farmer living in this county. In 1882 Mr. Goyette made a trip east, visiting Springfield, Massachusetts; Rhode Island, Connecticut and Keysville, New York. He then returned to Rhode Island and there married Miss Abbie T., daughter of Francis and Amelia (Marcur) Bushey, on December 17, 1882. Mr. Bushey is a carpenter and a native of St. Illier, East Canada. Mr. Goyette remained three and one-half months and then went from Keysville, New York, to Montreal, Canada, and then took the trip home. Mr. Goyette is a member of the Catholic church and is a man of unquestioned integrity and uprightness having ever been dominated by wisdom and principles of truth which have made him one of the most substantial and highly respected citizens of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 313, 314 John Graham JOHN GRAHAM. - The well known gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph is both a reprsentative business man and farmer of Union county, his estate being four and one-half miles east from Elgin, where he has made a comfortable showing, while also he has dealt in real estate in this section and others, manifesting a keen judgment and practical ability that have won success. On May 24, 1853, John Graham was born in Davis county, Iowa, being the son of Jackson and Martha Graham, who were among the brave and devoted band of pioneers that crossed the dreary plains and brought civilization and light to these wild regions. Eighteen hundred and sixty-four was the date of their advent into Walla Walla county, Washington, where they took up land from the state and engaged in farming. A decade later they removed to Union county and there were occupied with the agricultural art until the time for retirment from activity came and they now rest in Elgin. Our subject remained with his father until the age of twenty-two had been attained and then independent action was inaugurated. He first took unsurveyed land, later selling it and removing onto a pre-emption, where he farmed for two years and then sold that also. Eighteen hundred and seventy-nine was the year when he removed to Garfield county, Washington, tilling the soil there until 1881, when he came back to Union county, purchasing a farm of two hundred acres from the state, east from Elgin, and there for three years, he was engaged in farming and stock raising. From this time forward for a season he bought and sold different places finally settling on his present place of two hundred acres, east from Elgin. He is one of the producers of the fruits of the field, and he is also occupied in rasing stock, being attended with abundant success in his endeavors, in early days, he spent much time in freighting from Umatilla to Baker and Union counties. Mr. Graham, married Miss Anna, daughter of Abraham and Amanda Fine, in Weiser, Idaho, on December 12, 1877, and they have been blessed with eight children: Hurley E., Maud, Scott, Wayne, Bertha, Glenn, Bessie and Ernest. Mr. Graham is a member of the Masons, Lodge No. 98, of Elgin. Mrs. Graham is a native of Missouri, being born April 10, 1863, and her parents came to this county from that state in 1874 and joined the agricultural population here. They had retired from active life and were living in Elgin at the time when the angel of death summoned them hence, the mother dying May 23, 1892, and the father January 17, 1897, and their remains are buried in the cemetery at Summerville, Mr. Graham is a man of sterling qualities and has manifested uprightness and integrity during all his long and faithful work here and the result is that he is highly esteemed and he is the recipient of the confidence of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 386,387 BENJAMIN W. GRANDY. - Mr. Grandy has had the satisfaction of seeing the place which he homesteaded twenty years ago become a part of the city of La Grande, Oregon. This illustrates the rapid growth of the country. He has great faith in the future of this town, basing it upon the marvelously productive valley eighteen by thirty miles, surrounding and upon the milling and mining interests and the large water-power. He is a native of New York, was born in1837, but as a child removed with his parents to Ohio, and before he was twenty had penetrated as far west as Iowa. In 1859 he setoff for Pike's Peak, but was borne on by the rush of Western life to California. In Siskiyou county he dug gold with varying success until 1862,when he with others formed a company of fifty-two and left Yreka for the Salmon river mines. Leaving trails and roads, they struck straight across the country for Walla Walla. On Granite creek the party found paying placer mines; and Mr. Grandy remained until 1863, when he visited his old home in Ohio. The month of March, 1864, found him on the Missouri river with mule-teams headed once more for Oregon. Arriving in the Grande Ronde valley on the Fourth of July, he visited his mines and worked them until fall, when he sold out and returned to the Grande Ronde valley. He here occupied a claim at Oro Dell, a mile west of La Grande, and in the intervals of his homesteading mined to good advantage on the John Day river, and engaged in freighting and teaming across the Blue Mountains from Umatilla to Idaho and all the north country. Later he took a claim three-quarters of a mile north of Old La Grande, upon which the new town stands. This was incorporated in 1`884, embracing also the old place; and the two together have now some sixteen hundred people. Of this city Mr. Grandy was mayor without opposition in 1886, and again in1888. He is one of the wealthy men of the place. His first home occupation was keeping a dairy; and this he had continued to the present time. He was married in 1865 to Miss Lydia palmer, daughter of Robert H. Palmer, a pioneer of 1864. They have eight children, - William D., Katie, Mabel, Josie, Benjamin, Robert, Nellie and Charles. In one respect Mr. Grandy's career has been remarkable, and, as all will regard it, highly commendable. In all his teaming to Idaho, and in traversing the Northwest, he had no difficulty whatever with Indians. Page 348 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 CHARLES L. GREEN. - The farmers and stockmen and orchardists of Union county are a prosperous class of people and are noted for their enterprise and progressive methods, while the wealth of the county that has been produced by these industrious people is sufficient comment for their ability and thrift. As one of the substantial ones among this class we may mention the gentlman whose name is above, and who deserves a place in any record of the county's leading men. Charles L. was born in Knox county, Illinois, on August 16, 1856, being the son of Ezra and Mary A. (Ostrom) Green, farmers of that vicinity. In the spring of 1861, the parents left their Illinos home to try the fortunes of California, going thither by wagon across the dreary plains where dwelt hardship and danger. Arriving in the Sacramento valley in due time, they remained there but one year and turned again toward the east, settling in southwestern Missouri. At this place in 1866 the father passed from the labors of this life to the realities of another. In Jasper county,Missour, our subject attended the district schools and there received his educational discipline, remaining as one of the family circle until 1870, when he engaged for wages on a farm, continuing this service for about eight years. Then he rented a farm for himself, and in 1882 set his face to the west once more, coming this time to Wallowa county, whence his mother and brother had preceded him by three years. He took up a homestead nine miles north from Enterprise, on Trout creek, and assiduously went to work to open a farm and build a home. He engaged in general farming and stock raising until February, 1897, and then sold out and came to Union county. Here he purchased his present place of eighty acres, eight miles north of Cove, and has devoted his attention to farming and fruit raising. He has been prospered and is accumulating a good portion of this world's goods. He has a place that shows thrift and industry and skillful management. The marriage of Mr. Green and Miss Margaret E., daughter of Jackson and Marinda (Richardson) Wright, was solemnized on June 7, 1893, and to them have been born four children as follows: Mary M., Bertha M., Fanny H., and Lillie B. Mr. Green is a substantial, capable, upright, skillful and enterprising citizen, adding to the wealth of the county by his industry, and contributing to the advancement of the same by his activity and interest in the welfare of its progress and upbuilding. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 405,406 Copyright 1902 DAVID GREINER. - Although the subject of this sketch has not been a resident of this county so long as some, still he is one of the doughty and intrepid pioneers of the adjacent state, having pressed into the unbroken regions of the west in early times, and he has ever wrought for the advancement of the country where he has dwelt, manifesting true wisdom and stanch integrity and faithfulness in all of his endeavors,which have wonfor him esteem and respect throughout his large acquaintance. Mr. Greiner was born in Ashland county, Ohio, on May 7, 1837, to Martin and Elizabeth (Gipe) Greiner, farmers of that state.In 1849 the father departed this earthy life and in 1869 the mother was called to lay down its burdens. David remained at home during the years of his minority, receiving a good education from the public schools and learning and perfecting himself in the carpenter trade. In 1856 he followed the advice of the noted sage and went to the west, stopping in Iowa, where he wrought at his trade until 1860, then returned to the place of his birth, remaining until 1863. The following year he took up the journey across the plains, passing through the Grande Ronde valley September 12, 1864. He stopped at Walla Walla and there wrought at his trade and took up a ranch. He combined farming and carpentering for a number of years and then repaired to Dayton, Washington, and engaged in the woolen mill there for two and one-half years.Eighteen hundred and seventy-three was the date of his settlement in that town and it was 1892 before he pulled up stakes to quit that section and seek new lands. After the time spent in the wooolen mill he removed to a farm that he owned five miles out and to the art of agriculture he was given until the time that he came to the Grande Ronde valley in 1892. Here he bought three hundred and twenty acres of land, three and one-half miles northwest from Alciel, and settled down to farming and he is one of the prosperous and well to do agriculturists of the county to-day. His principal crops are grain and hay. Mr. Greiner was married in Iowa in February, 1859, to Miss Mary J.Sweeney, who was taken hence by death in 1868, after having borne four children, as follows: Henrietta, Lige, Lafayette, Mary Alice. A second time Mr. Greiner was married and the lady of his choice on this occasion ws Mrs. Jennie Jaycox, widow of Henry Jaycox, and daughter of Richard and Mary Halleys, residents of Union county, coming hither from Kentucky in 1880. This marriage was solemnized on December 6, 1883. By her former husband Mrs. greiner has three children: Lou, wife of Frank Owsley, grain buyer of Lagrande; Iona, wife of James Woodell, stockman of Wallowa; Mary, wife of Dan Mercheson, farmer near Lagrande. Mr. and Mrs. Greiner are highly esteemed and respected and are valuable members of society. To them have been born four children: Pearl, Frank, Raymond and Leo. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 446,447 Copyright 1902 BURRELL W. GRIFFIN. - Mr. Griffin, who has been long and favorably known throughout the Inland Empire, was born in Missouri in 1840, and since his arrival in Oregon in 1848 has seen as much of our Northwestern life in Indian wars, in the mines, and in our distinctive old-time traveling system by stage, as any one of us. His first residence was in the "Forks" of the Santiam with his father, B.B. Griffin, who moved to the Rogue river valley in 1852, and was a farmer and fancier of horses; who in 1852 was with Captain John F. Miller in the difficulty with Chief Sam, in Southern Oregon; who again in 1853 was one of the most active in suppressing the disorders of Old John, being one of the scouting party which inadvertently ran upon the Indian band on Williams creek, and who in the sharp skirmish received a severe wound; who still again in the larger and more bloody wars of 1855-56 took a large share in the comic, often tragic, and inevitably fatiguing campaigns on the Rogue river. Young Burrell W. was in the meantime growing into a stout lad, and was receiving his education under the tuition of Honorable Orange Jacobs. At the age of twenty-two he was ready to pack his blankets and seek his fortune. He went to the mines of Eastern Oregon, and was one of the party who discovered the Granite creek mines on the John Day river. After two summers he arrived at Silver City, Idaho territory, and was initiated in stage driving on the Umatilla and Placerville route for Ish & Hailey. For the greater part of the time until 1870, he satisfactorily occupied the position of division agent for this company. Having been married in1869 to Miss Abbie Parish of Port Townsend, the year following he engaged in farming and stock-raising on a large scale. His election as sheriff of Walla Walla county two years later forced him to quit this occupation. Upon the expiration of his term, he engaged unsuccessfully for three years in mining on Gallice creek, Josephine county, Oregon. Returning to his old business of staging, he took charge of the Mammoth line from Boise to Winnemucca, and a year later was agent for the Utah, Idaho & Oregon Stage Company throughout the Inland Empire. Securing a section and a half of land near Blalock he erected a hotel and conducted it in connection with the business of office agent for the stage company, and for Wells, Fargo & Co. Several years there, however, prepared him for a removal to Wallowa Bridge, Oregon, where he is at present presiding, and is owner and manager of the La Grande and Wallowa stage line. Mr. Griffin lost by death his first wife in 1875. Some years later he married Miss Margaret Courtnay, of Umatilla county. They have five children. Page 350, 351 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 BENJAMIN S. HALLEY, Deceased. - While we place within this volume the reviews of the leading men of the county, we would be rightly charged with incompleteness were there failure to incorporate a meoir of the esteemed pioneer and faithful and capable citizenof Union county for many years and who wrought within its precincts during the time of his sojourn here with assiduity and display of sagacity so evident that all were convinced of his ability, while his moral qualities and excellent uprightness and integrity, were concommitant virtues to his capabilities, and the time of his demise was attended with sincere and widespread mourning among all classes. Mr. Halley was born in Macon county, Missouri, on December 12, 1835, being the son of James and Ellen (Fisher) Halley, natives of Kentucky. The father passed the river of death while still in Missouri and the mother was called hence from Grande Ronde valley, the latter occuring in 1892. Our subject bought a farm in Missouri when he had reached hismajority and there was numbered among the successful agriculturists until 1864, in which year he took up the weary journey across the plains, utilizing mule teams for the trip and driving his stock with him. He landed in the Grande Ronde valley in good time and with attending Providence and he immediately took up a homestead three miles north from Island City and set himself to building a home from the wild land. He was attended with abundant success and his real estate holdings increased as the years went by until he had at the time of his death five hundred acres of good land. Twenty-five acres are used for meadow, twenty-five for pasture and the balance is brought under tribute to produce abundant crops of the cereals each year. In addition to this industry he also raised considerable stock, handling thoroughbred sheep and horses. In 1878 he went to Wallowa county and inaugurated action on a sheep ranch, adding also cattle and horses. The venture was a success, but in 1882, however, he returned to his ranch in Union county. Mr. Halley was always striving for the welfare of the county and took the part of the intelligent citizen in politics. In 1854 Mr. Halley married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard and Mary Halley, natives of Kentucky, and to this happy union there were born five children, as follows: Robert, in Wallowa; Belle, wife of James McAlister: Edward, at home: Press, in Eagle Valley: and Page. In 1873 Mr. Halley contracted a second marriage, the lady of his choice at that time being Miss Kate, a daughter of David and Sarah (Shook) Henderson, farmers. On October 23,1898, Mr. Halley was called by the messenger of death and a loving family were bereaved of a faithful husband and noble father. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 451,452 Copyright 1902 H.A. HANSEN. - Among the enterprising and industrious agriculturists of Union county, mention should be made of the gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, since his energy and ability have been manifest to all and since he has distinguished himself by his faithfulness and success that he has attained in tilling the soil and in raising stock. He is also popular among his fellows for they have again and again manifested their confidence in him at the polls and have kept him in public office almost continuously for the last decade. The pleasant little Kingdom of Denmark has furnished many thrifty citizens for our country, but none more faithful and deserving than he, who was born there in 1842, the subject of this sketch. At the early age of fourteen years, Mr. Hansen started out for himself and soon was farming and until he was thirty years of age he continued at this industry. At the age last mentioned he left the native land and embarked for the United States, where he made his way to the vicinity of Green Bay, Wisconsin, and engaged there in saw mill work, for two and one-half years. After this period, he went to Kansas, locating in Wilson county, where he worked in a livery stable for five years and farmed for two years and then came to the Sound country in Washington and remained at Whatcom for one year. From there he migrated to the Grande Ronde country and in this valley he rented a farm which he worked for three years and then he took up a piece of land eight miles south and west from Lagrande and engaged in raising cattle and hay. He owns three hundred and twenty acres of good land and is prosperous in his endeavors. At the present time he is living in a home in the suburbs of Lagrande and occupied with the oversight of his estate. For twelve years, Mr. Hansen has been kept in the office of road supervisor by his appreciative constituency. In 1895, Mr. Hansen married Mrs. Sarah (Brower) Parrent, widow of Tip Parrent, a man prominent in political circles in this county, and at one time held the postmastership at Summerville. Mr. Parrent was one of the leading educationalists of the county and taught much throughout the county. His death occurred in 1890, at Weston, Umatilla county. The widow of Mr. Parrent had one child at the time of her marriage with Mr. Hansen. Harry B., and he is attending the high school at Lagrande at the present time and is also taking a course in bookkeeping in the Eastern Oregon Commercial college. He is now sixteen years of age. Mrs. Hansen's father, dr. Brower, was a prominent figure in the political world in Iowa, being county judge in Wayne county, where also he was the moving spirit in establishing the Masonic fraternity. His remains lie buried in Wayne county, Iowa. Mr. Hansen is one of the progressive and leading citizens of the county and is esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 375, 376 SIGISMUND A. HEILNER. - This leading merchant, who is described as one of the most energetic, broadminded, and liberal citizens of Eastern Oregon, exhibits in his life that romance of business which has made many of the phases of Western life so fascinating to the young men of our state. He was born and educated in Bavaria, and in 1853 came to New York, repairing soon to Washington, District of Columbia, and within two years more to Crescent city, California, and Althouse, Oregon. At that point he was engaged in business, and was there during the war of 1856. As commander of an expedition for packing arms and ammunition to the volunteers, he saw active service, and was barricaded for some time. Upon this packing trip he found one man killed and another wounded by Indians, who had surprised them on the road; and his report of this outrage was the news which precipitated the war in that section. He saw service thereafter under Captain Driscoll. In 1865 Mr. Heilner left merchandising, and being unsuccessful in quartz mining came up to Portland in search of an opening. Taking a stock of goods, he set out for the wild region at the Little Dalles, and thence passed to the Big Bend country. Thereafter he penetrated as far as Bear Gulf, Montana, and there disposed of the remainder of his goods. He now showed his facility by taking up a business which he had learned in the Old Country, that of landscape and portrait painting. In this pursuit he was successful; but it did not last long, and he returned to Portland, where he found employment with the Alaska Fur Company. Upon his return some years later from the north, he was married to a lady of recognized position in Portland; and he engaged in business at Sparta in Union county, but subsequently removed to Baker City, Oregon, where he is at the present time successfully engaged in the forwarding and commission business, and the renting of several fine business houses. A magnificent design for a structure, in the hands of architect A.M. Milwain of Portland at present, will be erected during the season of 1889 by him; and he is always on the alert for improving Baker City. His two oldest sons, Jesse and Joe, are cadets in Bishop Scott's Academy, Portland, Oregon. Page 369 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 FRANK HEMPE. - While the subject of this sketch has not resided in the valley of the Grande Ronde as long as some of the earlier pioneers, still the length of time that he has domiciled here has beensufficient to demonstrate his ability to take rank with the leading agriculturists of the county, both because he has gained one of the largest farms in the county and because he is by his skill and industry capable of producing excellent returns in crops, while his demeanor has been such as to win the confidence and respect of all who have had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with him. In Monroe county, Illinois, our subject was born on December 6, 1854, being the son of Joseph and Barbara (Shifferdecker), agriculturists of that section. The father died in 1899 and the mother in 1873. Our subject was trained in the public schools of the county of his birth and there he remained in industry with his father and also in operating a farm for himself until 1887, when he took a journey to the Mississippi valley about forty-five miles south from St. Louis. He was engaged in producing the fruits of the field for four years also operated a steamboat landing during the same time. In 1893 he was enamored of the west from the reports that had come to his ears, and accordingly, he came hither, landing in the Grande Ronde valley ready to seek a home and become one of the builders of the county. His first purchase was one half section of land three and one-half miles northwest from Union. He settled to general farming and soon took as a partner his brother, Anton b. Hempe. They have added to the original purchase until their estate is of the generous dimensions of seventeen hundred and twenty acres. Much of this is utilized for pasture, while one half section is put under tribute to produce the cereals and five acres are devoted to orchard, principally Italian prunes. They also handle considerable stock of the ordinary breeds. Mr. Hempe was married to Miss Caroline, daughter of Matthew and Catherine (Klein) Kalmer, in Illinois, in the year of 1883. They have become the parents of five children. George, Idah, Sylvester, Mary, Agnes, all at home. The people have chosen Mr. Hempe as director in the district that he asisted to organize, number 72, to which he also has donated land for a school house site. He has also operated as road supervisor, in all of which public service he has made a commendable record. Fraternally he is associated with the Red Men, Tribe No. 22, of Union. In religious persuasion the family are affiliated with the Roman Catholic church at Lagrande, in which relation as everywhere. Mr. Hempe is highly esteemed by all, and meriting by honorable life the confidence that is reposed in him by his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 466, 467 JAS. HENDERSHOTT. - Mr. Hendershott, who became known to the state as a member of our legislature in both branches during the years 1866-72, is now residing upon a beautiful and well-improved farm upon the gently sloping lands described as a "territorial paradise," lying east of Hendershott's point, near The Cove, Oregon. He is engaged in farming and fruit-raising, and in the culture of fine stock and poultry. His is a farm somewhat rare on this coast, where a flock of pea fowls may be seen. His residence is described as 'palatial," and is known as "Forest Home." His mode of life is upon a liberal scale. Many of his experiments are conducted with a view to public improvement and information, since he holds the position of state horticultural commissioner for the fifth district. He is evidently fulfilling his duties in this line with fidelity and efficiency. His three children and six grandchildren live near. Mr. Hendershott is, as the name implies, of German extraction, and was born in Illinois in 1829. His parents became early settlers of Iowa; and at Burlington young James received his education. While but a youth of nineteen he was married to Miss Harriet J. Vincent, of Iowa, and in 1852 crossed the plains to our state in the company of Asa McCully, who was in the lead of the other trains, and thereby escaped the plague and disasters for which that year was notable. As salesman of J.L. Starkey, at Salem, in 1852; as pioneer, auditor and sheriff of Josephine county from 1854 to 1860; as scout in the Indian war; as miner on the Salmon river, and as settler of the Grande Ronde valley, whither he first came in1862; as state legislator in 1866, state senator 1868-72 and state land registrar 1872-74, and now as horticultural commissioner, - Mr. Hendershott has made an honorable record, and has served the state with efficiency. He and his excellent wife are noted for their hospitality, and are honored by their neighbors. Page 369 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 D.B. HENDRICKS. - The well-known merchant and financier, whose name initiates this paragraph, is one of the representative business men of Elgin, and indeed of union county, doing at the present time a large and lucrative business in general merchandise, while in all his career he has displayed a breadth of comprehension and aggressiveness that, coupled with a conservative policy and dominated by keen practical judgement and sagacity, have made him the master of hte enterprises that have been taken up by him, while also he has maintained an untarnished repuation and is one of the prominent men of our county today. On February 6,1855, Mr. Henricks was born in Fairfield county,Ohio, to John and Nancy (Hufford) Hendricks, natives respectively of Ohio and Pennsylvania, but removing to Tama county, Iowa, in the fall of 1864, where they engaged in farming until the time that death took them from the activities of this life, the mother passing beyond in 1872, and the father taking his departure in 1883. Our subject worked with his father until he reached the age of majority and then engaged in farming for himself in Iowa until 1882, when he came to the fertile regions of the west, entering the saw milling business in Morrow ocunty where he labored for five years, then took upsheep raising in the John Day country with one Mr. Woolery, where two years were spent. The sheep were then sold and Mr. Hendricks and Mr. Woolery embarked upon the mercantile sea in Hardman, and our subject sold out in 1891, transferring his residence to Lagrande, where he established himself in the grocery business for a short time, then removed to Elgin and opened a general merchandise store with S.W. Miles. Two years later, Mr. Hendricks bought out his partner and since that time he has continued the business with ever increasing prosperity. He is also interested in handling lumber on a n extensive scale and is stockholder and director in the Elgin bank being for a number of years its president but declining that position at the present time because of the pressure of other business. He was interested in the flour mill one time, being secretary and treasurer of the company. Fraternally Mr. Hendricks is highly asociated, being a member of the Masons, Elgin Lodge, No. 82; O.E.S., Blue Mountain Chapter, No. 52; I.O.O.F., Elgin Lodge No. 142; K. of P., Orin Lodge, No. 73. For several terms he has been councilman for the town. On August 11, 1889, Mr. Hendricks married Miss Allie, daughter of Judge Abel and Talitha (Bogart) Miles, at Grants Pass, Oregon. The father was a native of Kentucy and the mother of Tennessee, and Mrs. hendricks was born in Mercer county,Missouri. The father was a merchant in Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa, in which latter state he died in1886, and the mother left the toils of this life one year later. Mr. Miles was judge during his residence in Iowa. Mrs. Hendricks is also sister of her husband's former partner. Mr. Hendricks is one of the leading merchants of the county, and has a standing among the most influential men of this portin of the state,while he enjoys to the full the esteem and confidence of his fellows. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 456,457 Copyright 1902 An Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties WITH A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OREGON Western Historical Publishing Company 1902 p. 400-401 THOMAS HIGGINBOTHAM THOMAS HIGGINBOTHAM - The representative and well known gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article has been a resident of Union County for more than a score of years, and he is to-day numbered with the most substantial and influential citizens here, and his home place, a farm two miles northwest from Elgin, displays industry and thrift, coupled with which are his stanch qualities of worth and moral excellence. On March 17, 1856, in Wayne county, Kentucky, our Subject was born to James and Priscilla (Cullum) Higginbotham, natives also of the Blue Grass State. In 1863 the parents went to Clay county, Illinois, and thence to Sangamon county, the same state, where the father was called from life in the fall of 1864, and his remains lie buried in Springfield, Illinois. In the same year the balance of the family removed to Marion county, Iowa, the older sons occupying themselves with the art of agriculture. In 1867 they removed to Sullivan county, Missouri, and for six years continued their employment in the line of farming, then went to Linn county and there they tilled the soil until the date of their advent to the west in 1881. They first went to Walla Walla, Washington, and after a few months came thence to Union county, in October of the same year. Our subject then purchased his present place, two miles northwest from Elgin. It contained one hundred and sixty acres, and is now the size of three hundred and sixty acres. Mr. George C. Higginbotham, a brother of our subject, and born August 31, 1845, in Wayne county, Kentucky, lives with our subject, and together they operate this fine estate, having labored together more or less all the time since they have been men. The mother lived with them until the time of her death, which occurred June 27, 1899, and her remains are buried at the Elgin cemetery. Mr. Higginbotham was married on August 10, 1879, in Linn county, Missouri, to Amelia, daughter of Ransom and Virginia (Ward) Gent, Natives of Virginia and farmers of Missouri at this time. Six children have been born to them, Florence, James, Ransom, Priscilla, Thomas and Virginia. Mrs. Higginbotham’s father died in Missouri, but the mother came west with her sons and now lives north from Elgin. Mr. Higginbotham is a member of the K. of P., Orion Lodge, No. 73. He is a broad-minded and loyal citizen, possessed of capabilities that have won his success, and his integrity is quite commensurate with the other qualities of intrinsic worth. This biographical sketch donated by Larry Rader JOHN A. HOLMAN. - To the esteemed and enterprising citizen who is named above we are constrained to accord a representation in this volume since he has wrought with vigor and intelligence for the development of this county, and stands to-day one of its leading and substantial agriculturists and stockmen. Mr. Holman was born in Tortuna, Vestmanland, Sweden, on December 8, 1857, the rural districts being his home. He received a good education attending school regularly nine months each year for a period of seven years. Then he gave his whole attention to assisting his father on the farm, and when he had reached his majority, engaged with a neighbor for six months, receiving as a remuneration for this service, one hundred kroner, equal to about twenty-seven dollars of our money. He served another six months on his father's farm and then, being twenty-two years of age, he embarked for America, settling first in Kansas City, Kansas, whence, six months later, he went to Sandy, Utah, making his home in that vicinity for four years. In 1880 his father came to this country, bought a farm in Salt Lake county, ten miles south from Salt Lake City, and our subject rented the same, continuing in that capacity for three years. Then he went to Roseburg, Idaho, and settled on a fraction of school land, whence, in 1885, having sold his right to the land for a horse, he came to Lagrande, and soon went to Whiskey creek and took a homestead, living there for ten years. He engaged in farming and stock raising, and in 1893 he was abundantly able to add to his estate, so acquired title by purchase to another quarter section, giving him a generous farm of three hundred and twenty acres. He handles a large herd of stock, milks about twenty cows, and recently bought another quarter section, two miles east from Island City, where he resides at the present time. He still owns his original place. His home place is well improved, has an excellent orchard of assorted varieties of fruit, and is tilled in a skillful and husband-like manner. In 1885 Mr. Holman married Miss Anna Christina, daughter of Mats and Josephine C. (Lunquist) Anderson. They have three children: John E., Minnie M., and Lillie A., all living with their parents. Mrs. Holman's parents are living in Union county, coming there in 1888, and she came to this country alone. Mr. Holman is a valuable member of society, has done much for the advancement of the interests of the county, producing much wealth for the same, and has ever demeaned himself in such a commendable manner that he is numbered among the substantial, intelligent and admired citizens of our county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 352, 353 GEORGE H. HOLMES. - Among the prominent and successful agriculturists an stockmen of the county, there are none that take rank above the gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article, and whose enterprising and capable efforts in the lines that he pursues have resulted not only in success for himself in his ventures of business but have aided materially in the advancement of interests of the county and in augmenting its wealth, while also he has always displayed commendable principles of uprightness and sound discretion, as well as unswerving integrity and intrinsic moral worth. George H. Holmes was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 12, 1855, to L.R. and Jane (Gabriel) Holmes, the father being a leading merchant of that city. In 1862 the parents brought their family to Bannock City, Montana, where they remained for one year, being there at the time that the noted and desperate outlaw, Sheriff Henry Plummer, was hanged. From that place they came to Walla Walla and the father engaged in freighting to the Boise Basin mines until the fall of 1868, and then came to the Grande Ronde valley, where in 1870 he purchased a quarter section of land, and later added three-fourths of a section more, using one-half of the land for pasturage and one-half for crops. On June 8, 1901, the mother was called to the realities of another world, and the father on July 3, 1892. Returning to our subject, he was educated in the schools where his father resided in Walla Walla and the Grande Ronde valley, and when he had arrived to the years of manhood, he entered the stock business in Union and Wallowa counties, driving cattle and horses to the eastern markets, making two or three trips, one in which he took two hundred and fifty-nine head of horses. In 1885 he sold the horses and entered the bank at Enterprise as bookkeeper, where he remained until the death of his father, when he returned to the farm, which is two and one-half miles northwest from Cove. Mr. Holmes takes great interest in first-class stock and has imported some fine specimens of horses, sheep, and hogs. He has one excellent Clydesdale stallion, "Breadalbane," weighing eighteen hundred pounds, which he imported direct from the Clyde stables. He has brought to the county some first-class Cotswold sheep and Berkshire hogs. The marriage of Mr. Holmes and Miss Susie A., daughter of John and Helen Zurcher, old pioneers of Wallowa county, was solemnized on September 23, 1891, and to them have been born the following children: John L., nine years old; Jane M., five years old; Louise Ruth, three years old. Politically, Mr. Holmes takes the part of the good citizen, and ever stands for the faithful execution of salutary laws. He is one of the most alert business men of the county and handles his large interests in a manner becoming his capabilities and is progressive and a leader in the lines of improvement and advancement, having done much to aid in the promotion of the interests of agriculture and stock raising. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 356, 357 SAMUEL M. HORRELL. - This venerable and esteemed citizen and intrepid pioneer of different sections is descended from the stanch blood that first wrested this new continent from the thralldom of savagery. His ancestors were among the colonists that settled in the wilds of America and her fostered that spirit of freedom and independence that later gave us our free institutions, and his grandfather on his father's side fought through the entire Revolution under General Washington, and our subject has inherited the same courage and energy and has manifested through a life of adventure and incident the qualities that have ever marked the typical American. Samuel M. was born at Montgomery, Arkansas, on December 23, 1836, to Samuel and Elizabeth (Wells) Horrell. The father was a native of Ohio. In 1848 the family removed to Texas and engaged in raising stock, where they were attended with success, but in 1876 the father started with a drove of cattle into Mexico and was then killed by the Indians. Our subject had continued with his father until this time, and then he bought a farm in the western part of Texas and gave his attention to raising cattle and also to farming. He had the distinction of being a member of that noted body known everywhere as the Texas Rangers. It was in 1882 that Mr. Horrell sold his property in Texas and made his way overland to Union county. He soon selected his present place four and one-half miles north from Elgin, purchasing the same and settling down to farming and stock raising. He has a good farm of one-half section, which is well handled and improved. On February 14, 1861, Mr. Horrell married Miss Martha a., daughter of Sands and Nancy Stanley, natives of Tennessee. To crown the happy union there have been born to them seven children: William, Sarah A., John, Texanna, Frank, Gus, and Meriet. Mr. Horrell has spent many years on the frontier, where he has braved the dangers incident to that region, and his life is filled with stirring adventure, and be it said to his credit that his courage and intrepidity and valor have done credit to the stock whence he sprang, and today he is one of the substantial men of this community, and is esteemed both for his abilities and stanch qualities of worth. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 329, 330 GEORGE HORSEPOOL. Deceased. - Among the many pioneers who came to the county of Union while it was still unorganized, most of them passed to the western part of the state and but few stopped to locate in the Grande Ronde valley. Among the veryfirst ones who did settle here was the subject of this memorial. September, 1862, was the date of his arrival and he labored from that time until the day of his death in faithful business enterprise tomake a prosperous section and fit the land for the home of the men who now reside here. He did his work well, lived an upright and untarnished life and now sleeps in the land he helped reclaim from nature and nature's savages. Mr. Horsepool was born in Nottinghamshire, England, on January 21, 1824, received there a good education and labored in the zoological gardens until 1852, when he embarked for the United States and settled in Illinois. He soon removed to Richardson county, Nebraska, and there followed farming until the spring of 1862, when hemade the weary journey across the plains to the Grande Ronde valley. But one log cabin stood on the site of the now prosperous town of Lagrande. He hmesteaded land two and one-half miles southeast and there bestowed his labors for a time, planting there the first willows in the county, then engaged in the butcher business in Lagrande-old town. His business increased and success crowned his capable efforts. In 1889 he sold the business to Palmer & Weller and retired from active life. In 1867 Mr. Horsepool married Mrs. Eliza Murray, widowed sister of H.P. Lewis, and to them were born two children: George E., now in Fresno, California, and Ida L., wife of J.T. Richardson of Lagrande.Mr. Richardson has been recorder of Union county, and is one of the prominent men of the county.Mrs. Horsepool died in 1876. Our subject married a second time, Mrs. Jemima Hemmings became his wife on December 16, 1880, and she too, died in 1886. Mr. Horsepool was an active member of the I.O.O.F., and he was also a charter member of the Baptist church in Lagrande. He labored during his life for the advancement and upbuilding of the church and much credit is due him for this faithful support. Some six months before his death he was taken sick, and as the months passed by it was evident that he must pass the river and on March 22,1896, the day came, and in the consolation of the faith which had buoyed him in life's struggle he calmly bade farewell to earth and went home to the reward of the true Christian. His was a good life, and many were the friends during its course who were won by his kindness, and he was sincerely mourned as a good man andkind benefactor. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 443,444 Copyright 1902 JOHN HOWARD. - Certainly one of the earliest pioneers of this favored region and a man who has endured the deprivations and hardships incident to that life, meanwhile laboring for the opening up of the frontier and the establishment of good government, the subject of this sketch has earned for himself a place in the history of Union county that is enviable and prominent, while personally he has ever manifested a good spirit and uprightness coupled with stanch principles and practical judgment in both the efforts put forth to build up the county, and in the prosecution of his own private affairs. Mr. Howard was born in east Tennessee on October 17, 1839, being the son of Enos J. and Mary J. Howard. While yet a child he was taken by his parents to Platte county, Missouri, near Kansas City, and there he remained until 1858. In that summer he engaged with a government train as teamster to Salt Lake City, where he viewed the country and made explorations until the following year and then returned to Missouri. In 1860 he went to Pike's Peak and there followed mining for two years. In 1862 he came to northeastern Oregon, traveling first over the Grande Ronde country and then going to Canyon City, where he assisted to erect the first log cabin in that now prosperous town. After that work he went to digging the treasure of the place mines for a short time and then repaired to the Willamette valley, spending the winter of 1862-3 in that well known country. The following spring he came back to the Grande Ronde and has ever since resided here. During the Indian trouble of 1878 he did considerable scouting and was prominent in the repulse of the redskins. At the present time Mr. Howard owns the property known as the Meadows, about ten miles south from Lagrande. He has one quarter-section, all fenced and well improved. His land is especially adapted for raising hay and he has plenty of water to irrigate when that is needed. Mr. Howard always takes an active interest in the affairs of the county and has ever labored for the advancement of good government, while his efforts have been faithful and worthy in all lines of development and progress in this county for nearly forty years. During these years he has ever demeaned himself with such wisdom and integrity and unswerving principles of truth that he has won the regard of his fellows and the respect of all. Mr. Howard is well acquainted all over the county and there are none of the old pioneers that are not familiar with the genial and wholesouled pioneer that has passed the years of his sojourn here in the solid enjoyment of the quieter pleasures of the celibate's life, while he has ever had a word of cheer for all and a ready hand to assist anyone of his fellows that stood in need. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 267 Copyright 1902 ALBERT HUTCHISON. In the person of the subject of this sketch we have a living exemplification of the principles of success as wrought out by genuine industry and worth, having come to this county with but little of this world's goods. Mr. Hutchison has here taken hold with his hands and his wise manipulation of resources that came before him, has placed him among the leading property owners of the county and his energy and enterprise, together with stanch integrity, have won for him the esteem and encomiums of his fellows, while the substantial proofs of the labor and care bestowed by him are encouraging to the younger men who may be starting in life's battle for themselves. To Samuel and Elizabeth (Moore) Hutchison, on October 6, 1859, was born in Fulton county, Illinois, a son, Albert. The father responded to the call of patriotism and gave his life in the defense of his country and sleeps in the grave of the honored and brave men who gave back to us at the cost of their blood the Union safe and without dismemberment. In 1864, the mother with her four little children removed to the Cumberland valley in Pennsylvania and remained for fourteen years when they migrated to Ellsworth county, Kansas, whence later our subject went to Custer county, Colorado, and in 1882 he came with teams to the Powder valley. He immediately went to work for the stockmen and at that business and on the farm he continued to labor with unremitting vigor for twelve years, when his thrift and economy had enabled him to lay by sufficient funds to purchase a fine farm, which he did, the estate lying three miles southwest from North Powder and consisting of two hundred and forty acres. It is well improved and since purchasing he has erected a fine large barn and an elegant modern dwelling. He is skilled in raising the fruits of the soil and in handling stock, both of which industries he prosecutes at the present time. He owns some fine cattle and horses and his farm is a picture of neatness and thrift, enterprise and progression being in evidence in every part. On November 27, 1898, Mr. Hutchison married Miss Anna, daughter of John and Elizabeth Henderson, of Baker county, and to them have been born Myrtle E. and Ralph A. Fraternally Mr. Hutchison is associated with the Woodmen of the World at North Powder where he is esteemed and held in repute, and he is considered by all as one of the most progressive and leading agriculturists of the county and his painstaking labors and wise management have surely augmented the wealth of the county in no small degree, while the mead of his endeavors is evident in his substantial holdings. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 316, 317 JESSE IMBLER. - A native of Kentucky (1842), Mr. Imbler as a boy came west to Iowa, and in 1853 continued the journey to Oregon, being all this while with his father, who made his home near Eugene. Upon the appeal made for soldiers to quell the Rogue river Indians in 1855-56, Jesse then but sixteen, joined his two older brothers at the front, where, on account of his youth, he was assigned to the supply department, and remained with it to the end of the war. Returning home he accompanied his father and brother to The Dalles, and engaged with them in extensive cattle operations. In 1868, however, a removal was made to the Grande Ronde; and in that magnificent valley each voter in the family located a claim and engaged in stock-raising. Mr. Jesse Imbler still owns his first homestead. In addition to this he has swelled his land-holding to an aggregate of a thousand acres, all of which he supervises personally and keeps in cultivation. He has pleasant surroundings, and has made special effort with improved stock, owning some one hundred and twenty high-grade Hereford and Durham short-horn cattle and a considerable number of high-grade Norman Percheron horses, imported by himself, and the first of the kind in this section. In 1867 he was married to Miss Esther Massiker, of Yamhill county. They have a fine family of four children. Mr. Imbler has not shirked public duties, having twice served in the onerous position of county commissioner. Page 387 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 George M. Jasper Among the prosperous and thrifty agricultural and stock-raising population of Union county there should be mentioned in a work of the character of the volume now under consideration of the substantial citizen whose name initiates this paragraph, because he has lived since an early day in the county, being practically a product of its institutions, and because he has achieved here a worthy and commendable success, and because of the stanch qualities with which he is endowed so richly. In Oregon have been born some of the leading citizens of Oregon, and one among the number is our subject, he having been born in Benton county on January 26, 1865, to Merrell and Nancy J. (Means) Jasper, pioneers from Missouri in the early time of 1852, and settling in the Willamette valley. In 1868 the parents came to Union county, settling near where the son now lives, and the father was not only one of the leading stockmen and farmers of the county, but was also a leader in the realm of politics. He was ever interested in good government and was potent in bringing about influences for upbuilding and advancement. In 1876 the people of the county chose him for the state senate, and there he did good service and faithful. In 1885, April, he was called from the cares and responsibilities of earth to the world above, whence his beloved companion had preceded him in June 1871. The immediate subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of our county and then engaged for wages in farming for a time, when he purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres near Elgin, taking up one hundred and sixty more from the government. Here he gave his attention to general farming until December, 1897, when he purchased two hundred acres seven and one-half mile north of Cove, and to this he has since added by purchase two hundred and eighty more, which makes him a fine estate that is well tilled and skillfully handled. From one hundred and ten acres he raises hay and grain, and the balance is devoted to pasture for his herds. On December 1, 1897, Mr. Jasper married Miss Ella, daughter of Davis and Julia Boswell, and to them have been born the following children: Ora, three years of age on December 14, 1901; Gladys, eleven months old at the present writing, January, 1902. Mrs. Jasper's parents were early settlers of Union county, and wrought with that worthy number who have developed this fertile region for the abode of man. Mr. Jasper is well esteemed by his fellows, has an unsullied reputation, is a man of good qualities and true, while he has done much for the upbuilding of his home county, and has shown those characteristics which are the make-up of the substantial and capable citizen. "History Of Union And Wallowa Counties" Oregon History Center Book- Portland, Oregon Submitted by,Tom Childers Portland, Oregon JOHN T. JEWELL. - Mr. Jewell is a member of the cove Dairy Company. He is a native of Indiana, having been born in that state in1836. after receiving his education there and in Illinois, he was drawn west in 1859 by the Pike's Peak gold excitement. From that point he quite naturally came on to Oregon. His first employment was at West Portland, supplying steamboats with wood. As early as 1863 he moved to the Grande Ronde, entering into business as a freighter. Two years later he located a beautiful claim at The Cove, Oregon, and has devoted himself to farming and stockraising. He now owns three hundred and nineteen acres of fine level land, an has substantial improvements and a dairy of fifty cows, and also has about one hundred head of cattle besides. In 1870 he was married to Miss Mary J. Richey of Portland, and is now living amid the comforts pertaining to the farm of the best class. Page 391 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 THOMAS B. JOHNSON. - To the honest tiller of the soil and raiser of stock in this county we are largely indebted for its steady growth and substantial development in the augmenting of its wealth and the tapping of its resources. This class of Union's citizens are to be congratulated on their faithful and successful efforts, and as one prominent in these industries, we surely must mention the gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article and who has wrought with energy and assiduity in the prosecution of these enterprises steadily for a long period of years. Thomas B. is the son of Davis W. and Margret (Bell) Johnson. The father was born in 1824 in Indiana, and is a veteran of the Civil war, serving in the Eleventh Missouri Volunteers, Company G. In 1863 he came to the Willamette valley, and the following year made his way to Union county. He operated a blacksmith shop from 1864 to 1872. In 1867 he purchased a farm and was engaged in farming and stock-raising until two years since, when he retired from the more active duties of business and is now living in Union. The mother had died and is buried in the Union cemetery. More specifically regarding our subject, at the age of twenty, Thomas B. started for himself herding sheep. In the fall of 1881 he bought sheep in partnership with his brother-in-law, and continued in the prosecution of this industry under this arrangement until 1884, since which time he has been farming and stock-raising for himself alone. He owns a fine estate of nine hundred acres, nine miles southeast from Union, which is well improved and is the headquarters for his stock. Mr. Johnson married Miss Ida B. Blake, in 1883, and to them have been born the following children: Edie K., died July 27, 1885; Walter H., Olie I., Lister V. and Charles D. Mr. Johnson is affiliated with the W. of W. and the I.O.O.F. and is the recipient of the confidence and esteem of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 294, 295 Copyright 1902 EVAN E. JONES. - The well known member of the agricultural population of Union county whose name is at the head of this article is one of the capable and enterprising men of our county, and he has afine estate of two quarters, one of which is valuable for a fine quarry of stone, while the other is one of the fertile farms of the vicinity of Elgin, and he has labored faithfully in his endeavors to forward the welfare of the county as well as make for himself the abundant success that is his meed to enjoy at the present time. Evan E. was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on April 2, 1859, being the son of John E. and Rachel Jones, mention of whom is made in another portion of this work. His early life was spent in acquiring an education and assisting his father. At the age of eighteen he stepped forth on the arena of life's battles and since has done creditably to himself. In 1887 he came to Union county, taking a pre-emption of one quarter-section adjoining his present place, which is three miles northwest from Elgin. The pre-emption has a fine quarry of red stone which is suitable for building purposes and will doubtless prove of great value. He worked with his father until the death of the latter, then he purchased his present farm from the parental estate and here he is now engaged in producing the fruits of the field and in raising stock for the markets. He is attended with a good success because of his care and industry in business affairs, and he is one of the substantial and prominent farmers and stockmen of this section. At Elgin, Oregon, in December 1887, Mr. Jones married Miss Eliza, daughter of Ransom and Virginia (Ward) Gent, natives of Virginia. To this happy union there have been born the following children: Ralph E. and John. Mrs. Jones father farmed in Missouri until his death in 1864 and then the sons and the mother came across the plains to this country, and she lives north of Elgin now. Mr. Jones is a member of the K. of P., Orion Lodge, No. 73. He is secure in the esteem and good will of his fellows and his uprightness and integrity are manifest to all. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 409 Copyright 1902 JOHN E. JONES. - The second to locate in the beautiful Indian valley was the gentleman of whom we write. He was born in South Wales in1818, and crossed the Atlantic to America in1850, removing to Salt Lake in the next year. Removing to Cache valley in 1859, he made some valuable improvements on his place; but, disagreeing with the Mormons, he removed to Soda Springs in 1863. The next year he removed to Deer Lodge valley, Montana, farming until a destructive invasion of grasshoppers. Meantime he has been making butter, which commanded a price of two dollars per pound, and selling hay at Butte at one hundred dollars per ton. After the grasshopper plague, he made a personal examination of California, Oregon and Washington Territory, finally, in 1871, selecting Indian valley, Oregon, as his home, locating near the present site of the town of Elgin. There he has since remained, farming and raising stock, and owning half a section of very rich land. He has brought up and educated a family of eight children, and has ten grandchildren. Mr. Jones is a veteran of the Ute war of 1853; and in 1863 was in the Beaver Lake valley, where a companion was killed at his side by Indians. Page 394 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 THOMAS JONES. - It is a noted principle, that in the degree in which one is called to endure hardship and successfully surmounts all obstacles and triumphs over every opposition, in that degree is his character strengthened and his forces of real manhood brought out. May it not be that because of the application of this principle, we have in so many of the early pioneers of this wealthy county, such fine specimens of genuine manhood and especially developed in the virtues mentioned. Well known among this worthy number is the esteemed gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has surely done a noble part in enduring the woes of humanity and is developing the resources of the county, while he has ever manifested in the long years of his residence here a commendable exemplication of the Christian character and the sagacity and ability with which he is endowed. In Cocke county, Tennessee, on September 12, 1827, Thomas Jones was born to Russell and Sarah (Hayes) Jones. The father died when Thomas was yet very small and so he never knew the wise guiding of a father's counsel. He passed the years of his minority on the farm and in attending school as he had opportunity, until he was twenty-three years of age. At that time he hired out for four years to operate a farm. In 1854, he bought a farm for himself in his native county which he sold two years later and embarked in the mercantile world in partnership with Mr. McMahan at Bridgeport, in his native state. In the fall of 1858, he sold out this business and migrated to Benton county, Arkansas, and farmed for one year, then went to Washington county, the same state, for a couple of years and then moved to Buchanan county, Missouri, thence to Platte county and in the spring of 1864 sold out and started for Oregon with ox teams. The journey began on May 13, 1864, and ended in the Grande Ronde valley on September 25, 1864. While en route he was taken sick at the Platte river and suffered for twenty days with the pneumonia. Upon arriving at their destination, he contracted to work for the man who lives next to his present place and after fulfilling ten days of the time was taken sick with the typhoid fever and was unable to get out until the next spring. He then rented his present place and two years later, bought it. He lives two and one half miles north from Cove. Here he has carried on general farming and stockraising until the present time, being prosperous in his efforts. On January 17, 1854, Mr. Jones married Miss Maria Jane, daughter of Warren and Sarah Brook, natives of Tennessee. They have become the parents of the following children: Sarah Eveline, now Mrs. Remillard: Susan Frances, wife of Ed E. Cates; Emma Jane, now Mrs. H.C. Nealy, of Cove; John T.; Royal D.; Mary V., wife of Ed Rees. Mr. Jones is not a political aspirant but is interested in good government. He joined the Methodist church in 1858 and has been a member since and is highly respected and esteemed by all. When Mr. Jones came across the plains he was with a small train, and at Deer Creek station the Indians stole the stock. In attempting to regain them, some of the party were killed. The unfortunate travelers in their dire distress turned to Colonel Williams, of the United States army, for assistance and even offered him five hundred dollars to recover the stock, but he declined. The men afterwards were convinced that he was a beneficiary in this wretched undertaking of the theft and have many indications to warrant that belief. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 258, 259 Copyright 1902 CHARLES L. KALER. - A real pioneer of the pioneers, who has wrought on the Pacific coast for forty years and more with display of energy and skill that have placed him among the leaders of the county in attaining its progress, the well-known gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article is deserving of representation in the volume of his county's history. He is proprietor of the large green house in Lagrande and handles one of the largest nurseries of the state, having a full line of all varieties of both ornamental trees and rare shrubs and flowers. Mr. Kaler was born in Waldoborough, Maine, being the son of Charles L. and Mary Kaler, both of whom died when he was very young. His childhood days were spent with a neighbor, and when nine years had rolled by he inaugurated independent action and set out to Vermont, returning later to Maine, thence to Florida and again returning to Maine and then to San Francisco, where he spent two years. The next trip was to Vancouver Island, whence he made his way to the Caribou mines and four years were spent there in search for gold. He came back to Westminster, through Olympia and Cowlitz to Portland, thence to Salem, Mooney's station, Waldo Butte and Umatilla, in which latter place he remained for a number of years, then repaired to Old Lagrande, and a few years after that time he went to Clove creek and took up a ranch, now known as the Willow Glen. Upon this farm he has placed much improvement. He has a nursery of one-half million trees, embracing all the kinds of flowers and nut trees that are used in this country, besides all of the smaller fruits and ornamental shrubs and trees and many rare specimens, as the Acacia, from Mount Sinai, pineapples, bananas, pepper, coffee, tea, ginger, oranges, lemons, plants from the Canary Islands, silk oak from Australia, bamboo, a dozen kinds of palms, and many others too numerous to describe, which are kept in stock both in the nursery and a large green house that he has provided for the purpose. In addition to this, Mr. Kaler has constructed a large, artificial lake, that is perfectly round and surrounded with beautiful shade trees and fine walks which make it a place of real comfort and artistic beauty. Many thousands of dollars were spent in this work, and Willow Glen is justly renowned as one of the most beautiful spots of the county. In addition to this Mr. Kaler has a large green house in the city of Lagrande where he makes his headquarters, and he justly holds rank with the most capable business men of the section. Mr. Kaler has many personal accomplishments that are very becoming and entertaining, as for instance his ability to handle with credit any musical instrument that comes to his hand, being in earlier days a master in music. He is esteemed among his fellows and is the recipient of the confidence and respect of all, which is fully merited. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 332, 333 JOHN R. KELLOGG. - No compilation that purports to give representation to the leading men of Union county would be complete were there failure to incorporate therein an epitome of the career of the venerable and esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this article and who has the distinction of being among the very first dauntless men who made permanent settlement in this favored section, and who is no less distinguished by his faithful labors in all the long years since that have resulted so well in the development and progress of Union county, as well as in the upbuilding of her institutions and the bettering of his fellows. On July 20, 1830, in a village in Oswego county, New York, there was born a son to Martin P. and Melvina (Potter) Kellogg, the subject of our humble sketch. The father was a faithful laborer in the ministry of the Methodist church and moved from place to place, taking our subject at an early age to Holmes county, Ohio, and also to various other sections of that classic commonwealth. At the noted Oberlin College of that state John R. was trained not only in the lore of books, but in the sound principles that have characterized him in his later life of worthy service. At the age of twenty-three he departed from his alma mater and took up the life of the educator, manifesting capabilities and perseverance at the inception that betokened the gratifying success that he gained later in this realm. He continued in various counties of Ohio, then removed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and in 1855, we find him in the new country of Iowa, teaching school in Wayne county, where five years were spent in successful instruction, and then he enlisted in Company I, Fourth Iowa Infantry, serving as fifer for the company, and attending the rallies until they were ready to go to the front, and then he was appointed fife major, but after one short month's service he was taken sick so as to be incapacitated for further service and was forced to resign. In 1862 he fitted the popular ox team outfit and measured the plains from Iowa to the Grande Ronde valley, having some difficulty with the savages on the route, but none since that time, as he has constantly befriended them. He took the place where he now lives, three miles north from Lagrande. He erected a cabin, improved the land, bought more and steadily added by industry and management until he has a fine estate, excellently improved and free from all debts and a competence that his thrift and labor have provided for the golden time of his life. In 1858 Mr. Kellogg married Miss Rocsa A., daughter of Daniel and Rebecca (Thornton) Hill. She was born in July, 1840, crossed the plains with her husband, enduring her share of all hardships of pioneer life and is still vigorous and healthy. They have reared two adopted children, having none of their own, and these two daughters are now married. Mr. Kellogg has always allied himself with the Republicans, although that party was weak in the beginning of this county. He is, and always has been, active in politics, and has been in the field for office several times. Formerly Mr. Kellogg adhered to the Methodist church, but is now a member of the United Brethren, and for thirty years he has been superintendent of a union Sunday school, wherein he has done excellent work and has left a record capable of much good. In the early days here Mr. Kellogg taught vocal music and had such pupils as Governor Geer, Professor Horner and others. He is now one of the substantial men of the county and has the joy in his retired days of seeing the fruits of his hands in the institutions and good springing up around him. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 275, 276 Copyright 1902 DR. JOHN H. KENNEDY. - Doctor Kennedy was born in Iowa in 1850. His father, John K. Kennedy, was born in Tennessee in 1811, and figured in the Mexican war as well as in local politics. In 1862 the parents crossed the plains to Union county, Oregon. They had given their children the advantages of a good early education. In 1865 his father's house and personal effects were destroyed by fire; and the Doctor was obliged to assist his parents, as well as to care for himself. In 1871, having studied at Whitman Seminary and taken a course in the Medical Department of Willamette University, he received a diploma with first honors as M.D. Since then he has been practicing medicine in the Inland Empire, and has acquired a flattering reputation for success; although he is one of those whom notoriety must seek rather than seeking it himself. He has had his tribulations withal, having buried his first wife and three children all within one year, - in 1877. On April 25, 1880, he married Nancy A., daughter of William Stein, a pioneer of Salem; and there are three children as a result of this union, two girls and one boy; Faith, born February 10, 1881; Hope, born April 30, 1884; and Bliss, born August 19, 1888. While crossing the plains in 1862, near American Falls, as they were plodding their weary way westward, a horseman came dashing up to his father - the captain of the train - with the report that the company just ahead had been attacked by Indians and were in need of assistance. The captain immediately ordered a corral, and after posting pickets and guards took the available men and proceeded to the relief of the distressed. He found the train almost totally annihilated. Men, women and children were scattered along the road dead, dying, disabled, crying, pleading, or running back towards his train for refuge. The road at that point passed through a rocky coulée; and as the company hurriedly passed p they found other men, women and children secreted among the rocks, as well as a few of the Indians looking for more victims; while the majority of the Indians were engaged in driving off the stock from the train assailed. Captain Kennedy brought up his own train and encamped, having a strong guard out. The next morning, not having stock enough to haul the wounded and the little ones, as well as the supplies for the remnant of the train attacked, he took twenty-five men and went to reconnoiter and if possible recapture enough of the stock to pull the extra wagons. They were partially cut off from their camp and did some blooding fighting on their return, losing seven men killed, while the captain and five others were wounded. After graduating he located at LaGrande, Oregon, where he followed the practice of medicine for two years, and in 1873 moved to Dayton, Washington Territory, where he remained until 1887; he then moved to Sprague, and from there again to Spokane Falls, coming from there to Weston, Oregon, where he now resides. The Doctor is building up a fine medical practice; and we predict a successful future to this man of worth. Page 405 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 J.P. and H.A. KINNISON. - These two brothers, who have united their fortunes through life were born on the Mississippi river about one hundred miles below St. Louis in the years 1838 and 1840, respectively. They received a common-school education, and, developing a riving disposition, crossed the plains in 1853. San Mateo, California, was their first home, and stock-raising their business until 1862, when they came to the Powder river valley, and were the first to break the ground of that beautiful region. They have been engaged in agriculture and stock-raising every since, and consider themselves fairly successful. In 1876 they drove a band of a thousand cattle across the plains to Wyoming, and sold them to advantage. The brothers now own eighteen hundred acres of choice agricultural land six miles west of Baker City, upon the site of their first location. They now have residences in Baker City, Oregon, and are in the full enjoyment of life, having accumulated sufficient means, as a reward for their perseverance, to take life easily. Mr. J.P. Kinnison was married to Miss Mary Chandler in 1864. In 1884 this companion died; and his present wife, formerly Mrs. N.W. Hannah, conducts his household, caring for her own tow girls and her husband's five boys. Mr. H.A. Kinnison married Miss Mary A. George in 1867. They have one boy and a girl now living. Page 413 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 JOSEPH A. KNIGHT. - A capable and enterprising citizenof Union county who has labored for the advancement of the county for many years, displaying both ability and integrity in these efforts as in all his career, the subject of this article is deserving of representation in ths volume, and it is with pleasure that we accord to him such, being assured that he is one of the substantial men of the county. Caswell county, North Carolina, is his native place and September 19, 1838, the date of his birth, his parents being William and Susan R. (Harrison(, natives of North Carolina, the father being a farmer there until 1843, in which year he removed to adair county, Misouri, in that place also being numbered with the agriculturists until the time of his death, which occurred September 19, 1865, the mother passing away in October of the same year. They sleep quietly in Macon county, Missouri. Until the age of majority our subject remained with his parents and then started on the path of independent action in life, going first to Kansas, where for six months he was engaged in farming and then returned to Missouri, remaining there until 1865. In this last year he came overland to the Grande Ronde valley, purchasing a farm of two hundred acres near Summerville from the state and settling down to farming and raising stock. Ten years were spent in this place and then he sold his property and took a homestead at his present place, four miles northeast from Elgin. He has increased his holding of real estate until at the present time he is the proprietor of four hundred and eighty acres. He gives his attention to the dual occupation of tilling the soil and raising stock, and success in unbounded measure has rewarded his thrift and industry. He has a modeern dwelling, tasty and comfortable, besides good barns and outbuildings and his farm is skillfully handled. In June 1863, Mr. Knight married Priscilla, daughter of Joseph and Mary A. Harris, mention of whom is made in another portion of this work. The nuptials were celebrated in Sullivan county, Missouri, and eight children have been the fruit of the union, Hester, William, Mary, Ida, Viva, Samuel, Flora and Dora. Mr. and Mrs. Knight are valuable members of society and they are esteemed by all, always displaying exemplary lives for the upbuilding and advancement of the best interests of the county and its inhabitants. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 395. 396 Silas W. Koger SILAS W. KOGER is one of the prominent and capable farmers of Union county, who has done a good part in its development and has maintained a reputation untarnished and displayed ability and integrity in all of his endeavors that are becoming and commend him to all who are lovers of the upright and desirous of progress. Our subject's father was a native of Kentucky, as also the mother. While quite young the father began the task of getting an education by unaided effort, which to his praise be it said he accomplished in a becoming manner. His birth occurred on November 11, 1816, and when he had arrived at the age of his majority, he took up the work of the ministry in the Baptist church, with this difference from the common clergyman that he never preached the gospel of grace for wages, deeming it more in accord with the spirit of this distinguished message that it be promulgated by men free. Until the time of his death, which occurred on October 2, 1870, he was more or less in faithful adherence to the dispensation of the gospel. He was married in Kentucky, migrated to Missouri, thence to Iowa, and then across the plains to Linn county where our subject was born on July 5, 1862. In 1865, the father removed to the Grande Ronde valley, taking the present place where our subject lives, three miles north from Cove. The mother lived until June 13, 1892, when she too was called to enter upon the rewards awaiting her in another world, and peacefully the faithful and venerable pioneer and his gracious wife sleep until the morn of eternal waking. Our subject looks to Linn county as his native place and the Grande Ronde as the place of his early childhood days, receiving in this latter place his education. He was always occupied on the farm and while his father was engaged in the ministerial labor he attended to the farm, commencing when he was fifteen years of age. He has a good farm of one-quarter section, well improved and all cultivated and producing abundant crops in response to the skill of his husbandry. On December 6, 1893, occurred the marriage of Mr. Koger and Miss Ella, daughter of William F. and Elizabeth (Phillip) Alexander, pioneers from Missouri. Mr. Alexander is now operating a livery stable in Cove. Mr. Koger is a member of the Masons, cove Lodge, No. 91. His father came across the plains in the train that was lost in the famous Meeks cut off and was instrumental in discovering the famous blue bucket diggings that have never been seen since. On the farm of our subject stands one of the old landmarks of 1866, in the shape of a well preserved log cabin. To the faithful efforts of such men as the subject of this sketch are due the steps of progress from the wilds of nature to its present opulent position that our county has made, and he is deserving of especial mention in this volume as one of the builders of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 461, 462 AN AGED PATRIOT Voting for "Tippecanoe" in '40 he will Vote for his Grandson in '90. Among the many sturdy pioneers of Eastern Oregon who years ago bid a fond farewell to the comforts and pleasures of their happy eastern homes and journeyed toward the setting sun to find a new home in the wonderful and distant west was Abraham Krandall, now living in the Cove. The advance of years appear to have lightly cast their burdens upon him and with 4 scores past on the great highway of Life almost reached, he is still a vigorous specimen of manhood, to whome the growing ailments and feeblesness of age are strangers still. Born in the state of New York, he at an early age came with his parents to Pickaway county, Ohio and in the wilds of the Sciota valley found a new home in what was then regarded as the far west. He has a vivid remembrance of the stirring events of the war of 1812, and his father, Zibah Randall, was mong the first to rally to the aid of "Old Tippecanoe" to save the settlers from the tomahawk and scalmping knife of the Indians whose bloody deeds were striking tewrror to the hearts of the new settlers. As a child he learned to revere the name of General Harrison and it was a proud moment of his life when in 1840 at the little town of Westfall, Ohio, he cast his vote for "TIPPECANOE AND TYLER TOO" and later on to know that Harrison was elected president of the United States. Mr. Randall tells many stories of that eventful campaign. The enthusiasm of the people of Sciota valley knew no bounds. It was one continued round of excitement day and night that culminated in a frenzy of joy, when, in the slow coach days of the period it was at last ascertained that Harrison and Tyler had been elected. To those, who like Mr. Randall voted for Harrison in 1840 and are now living. It is natural that they should feel enthusiastic over the nomination of the grandson of their illustrious hero, and Abraham Randall's face kindled with pride as he expressed the hope that Ben Harrison would be elected and that it would be a happy event in his life when in next November he cast his ballot for him. During the civil war Mr. Randall's eldest son, Ruther, promptly answered the call to arms and with knapsack strapped to his back and musket shouldered he with the thousands of other brave defenders marched forth to defend the same flag under which his grandfather had fought against England in 1812. As he was about to leave home: "CLAD IN HIS SUIT OF BLUE" his father took him by the hand and bidding him adieu said: "Luther, you are going to fight for the right. It will be hard to lose you but I would rather hear of your falling in battle than to learn of you turning your back to the enemy." These were a patriots words to a patriot son and through the weeks and din of 22 hard fought battles, Luther Randall, with his face always to the foe performed a soldier's duty and escaped unharmed to return at the close of the war to the loved ones at home. There are many others of the aged pioneers of the State who voted for Harrison in 1840, a number that seems almost incredible and not one of them but what has expressed the desire to be spared to vote for Harrison next November. It would be interesting to know how many of these valiant supporters of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" are living in this part of Oregon and an invitation is extended to them to send their names to the REPUBLICAN with a short account of the stirring events of the stirring events of that memorable campaign in their localities. Eastern Oregon Republican, Thursday August 16, 1888 ELIAS KUHN.-The venerable pioneer of whom we now have the pleasure of speaking is an esteemed member of society and one of the real builders of Union county, being a worthy member of the sturdy men who drew a halt on the immigrant road here in 1862, since while time his toil and sagicity have been displayed here in a commendable manner and much credit is due him for the praiseworthy labors that he has performed in these years, while his record in long and faithful pilgrimage is untarnished and his example has been an exemplary one. In Cambria county, Pennsylvania, we find the birthplace of our subject and his parents were David and Elizabeth (Good) Kuhn, who received the birth of this son on April 14, 1829, with joy, and five years later proceeded westward to the frontiers of Ohio, and thence to Iowa in 1851, where their pilgrim way closed and they went to their rest after having done faithful work in three states for their development and progress. The father was born in March, 1804, and died in May, 1884, while the mother was born in 1808 and died on the anniversary of her birth, March 19, 1887. In the Buckeye state our subject received his education that fortified him for the walk of life in his subsequent years. He also in that state learned the art of agriculture and then came to Iowa, where he and a brother took land and improved the same until 1862. In that year he was led by an adventurous spirit and by the reports from the gold fields of the west to fit out an ox team and join a train that rolled its slow and ponderous way toward the setting sun. The Salmon river gold diggings were the mecca of the pilgrim, and why he turned aside to dwell in the Grande Ronde valley can only be accounted for by the fact that he perceived the rich advantages that its soil and boundless fertility offered. Howbeit, in the later months of the year in which he started from Iowa we find our subject settled on a quarter-section of raw land busily engaged in making it a comfortable home for himself and little ones. This farm grew betimes to the extent of four hundred acres, three hundred of which are good producing ground and the balance is timber and pasture. The farm has been a good producer and has a four-acre orchard, and is one of the skillfully tilled pieces of the county. On March 6, 1854, while in Iowa our subject married Miss Esther, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Cassidy, natives of Ohio, and to them were born the following children: Ellen, wife of S.D. Ficklin; Mary Ann, wife of F.S. Johnson and said to be the first white child born in Union county, the date of this event being November 27, 1862; David, in Wallowa. In 1871 death came into the household and took thence the beloved wife and mother and her departure was sincerely mourned by all who knew her as she was a gracious and faithful woman. In 1874 Mr. Kuhn married Miss Sarah J., daughter of James and Barbara (Toot)McElderry, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio and to bless this union there have been the following children: Viola, wife of W.W. Wade, of Wallowa: Peter C., Charlie, Irven, Willard and Bertie. Mr. Kuhn has served as constable of the Summerville district also in the capacity of road supervisor while for nearly one dozen years he has been director in the district and for fifteen years he served as clerk. Mr. Kuhn is not actively engaged in the affairs of his property, as the sons attend to the farm and he simply oversees, giving his time to the enjoyment of the fruits of his faithful labors. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 JOHN R. LADD. - The stories told to the children of the generation hence of the abundance of gold and the immense profits of the early pioneers will fire their imaginations and set them on wild, and perhaps profitable, trips to the Andes or to Alaska. Mr. Ladd's career will be thus exciting to his descendants, and to all who see this sketch. He was born in the Empire state in 1838. He came to California with his father in 1852, but returning East married Miss Rachel Knapp in Illinois. Here might be mentioned as a remarkable coincidence, that Mrs. Ladd was born on October 7th and Mr. Ladd on October 25th. They were married October 12th; and Mr. Ladd died October 14th. In 1862 he set forth to the Salmon river mines, but turning aside from the road came on and made a home at Ladd's cañon in the Grande Ronde. Here they built a cabin, and being on the direct route to the mines kept a hotel, feeding sometimes a hundred men at a meal, and taking the usual price of a dollar each. The year 1865 was spent in Walla Walla; but, returning to their old home in the shadow of the Blue Mountains, Mr. Ladd followed freighting about five years, after which he engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1867 he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land for three thousand dollars, which one freighting trip to Idaho paid for, and took one hundred and sixty more of government land. In 1877 he put on a stage line from Wallowa to Grande Ronde, and in after years owned several other stage lines in other East-of-the-Mountains regions. His real estate had increased by 1887 to forty-five hundred acres, all in the valley. His business more recently was conducting a livery stable, stock-raising and handling large flocks of sheep. In addition to his interests there, he had large town property in La Grande and Pendleton. His death occurred in 1887. He has been mourned not only by his family; but his loss is deplored by all the citizens of the place. His widow is still living at his late home in Island City, Oregon, and has the care of his estate. His daughter Eva is the wife of M.D. Andross of Island City; and his son, C.W. Ladd, is a stock-raiser and farmer of the Grande Ronde. Page 416, 417 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 ELISHA H. LEWIS. - This well-known gentlemen was born in new York in1824. He was raised on a farm, and received a common-school education at his home on the slopes of the Catskill Mountains. In 1845 he went to Chicago and thence to Wisconsin, where he worked as millwright until 1849. Coming in that year by the Isthmus to California, he was mining in several camps with the usual checkered luck of those days, making a return to the "States" for a visit. In the spring of 1852 he returned by water to California, and in the fall of the same year came on to Oregon, locating at Portland and engaging as carpenter with Porter & Carson. In 1853 he removed to Rainier, continuing in his work as carpenter and builder. In January, 1855, he was married to Miss Harriet L. Barlow of Cowlitz county, Washington Territory, who crossed the plains from Michigan in1852. In 1854 they removed to Vancouver, where he operated as contractor for six years. In 1862 he sought a new and more permanent location in Eastern Oregon, and laid the claim where the town of North Union now stands. In1863 he moved his family and effects to the new location, and together they have seen the town of Union grow from one log cabin, constructed by themselves, into a beautiful town embowered with beautiful fruit and ornamental trees, and boasting of a population of one thousand people. Mr. Lewis has identified himself with the development of the place in many ways, having not only erected the first log cabin and the first house built of lumber, but also inaugurated many enterprises for the improvement of the place, and now owns much property in the city and a farm near by. Five children have been born in this pleasant family, of whom two, a son and daughter, are living. They also have four grandchildren living. They relate with much pleasure and interest their many hard and exciting experiences in the early days; and Mrs. Lewis recalls how, at the age of eighteen, she stood in the door of her home at Ranier and saw her husband cross the billowy Columbia when the waves were running high, and no one else would dare to take a Bellingham Bay coal hunter across to the territory; and to the writer the pleasant old lady observed that this was a foolhardy adventure, and that she fully expected every moment as she stood and gazed to become a widow. Page 427 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Allen Long ALLEN LONG. - The agricultural population of Union county is well known for their progressiveness and enterprise, and one of this capable number is mentioned at the head of this article and it is with pleasure that we accord to him a representation in this volume, since he is one of the builders of the county and has manifested that broad public spirit in all of his ways that makes the loyal and up-to-date man, while his sagacity and uprightness have no less been displayed. Our subject was born in Noble county, Indiana, on May 5, 1851, being the son of Jacob and Hanna (Waybel) Long, natives, respectively, of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The father was a farmer and blacksmith in Indiana until 1855, when he transferred his residence to Boone county, Iowa, and there engaged in the same occupation until 1864, when he brought his family to the Willamette valley across the dreary and dangerous plains with ox teams. The same occupations were there prosecuted until 1872, when a removal to Union county was made and he bought two hundred acres of land from the state, giving himself to its cultivation and laboring at the forge until very recently, the latter business has been retired from. Our subject, remained with his parents, laboring with his father until the age of twenty-eight had been reached, when he took a homestead three and on-half miles east from Elgin, where he has been residing since, paying attention to raising the fruits of the soil and handling stock. He now has an estate of two hundred acres well improved and is numbered with the prosperous and well-to-do men of the county. On November 20, 1878, in Summerville, Union county, Mr. Long married Miss Permelia, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Baker) Beem, natives respectively, of Kentucky and Missouri, and to this happy union there have been born the following children: Viva and Iva, twins: the second one is dead and buried in Long cemetery: Addie, deceased: Ella, Stella, Harland, Ora and Carl. Mrs. Long was born September 3, 1861, and her parents came to Union county from Missouri in 1877 and joined the agricultural citizens of the county, laboring in that calling until the time of their death/ the mother passing away on May 28, 1882, and the father going on June 8, 1890, buried in Highland cemetery east from Elgin. Mr. Long is a member of the Masons, Elgin Lodge, No. 98. Mr. Long is one of the representative men of the county and has labored faithfully here for the advancement of the county for many years and his standing among his fellows is enviable and he has enjoys the esteem and confidence of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 385, 386 This is part of the family of Dixie Ricker Allen Long - inlaws to my great aunt JACOB LONG. - This venerable pioneer, the first to settle in the north end of Indian valley, and whose seventy-four years have but little bent his frame, was born in 1815 in Pennsylvania. At the age of nine he became a pioneer of the West, moving with his parents to Ohio. At the age of seventeen he took his flint-lock rifle and made a tour of the woods and prairies of the old West, visiting the French and Indian trading-post of Chicago, and spending a winter on the Elkhart river in Indiana, with Schomack, the chief of the Pottawottamies. Returning home he learned the trade of a blacksmith, and in 1840 went West, spending five years hunting and trapping in Indiana. Marrying, and entering a tract of land, he cleared and improved a farm, until in 1854 he made a removal to Iowa. In that state he made two farms, also working at his trade. Ten years later he took the final jump, coming to Oregon in 1864. He lived successively in Multnomah and Polk counties, but in 1871 sought once more a home in the wilds, where the indigenous animals were still living in abundance. This was Indian valley; and he was the first settler in the northern part. He has indefatigably hunted the elk, deer, bear, cougar and wolf; and his catch of wolverines, lynxes, wild cats, catamounts, beavers, otters, fishers, martins, minks and coyotes has furnished pelts, the sales of which have kept his family in comfort. He has many stories to tell of sharp encounters with such fierce animals as the cougars, and is one of those very interesting characters of our borders. The valley around him has settled and is thriving since his first advent, and his own family of nine children are among the prosperous. Page 430, 431 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 This is part of the family of Dixie Ricker Jacob Long - inlaws to my great aunt MOSES LORE. - It is with especial pleasure that we respond to the invitation to say a few words relative to the career of the estimable gentleman and distinguished pioneer whose name is at the beginning of this article because he is perhaps the oldest resident of Union county, and also because he has been a potent factor in developing not only the resources of this county, but of other frontier regions in his long and eventful life. The whole range of frontier life, as trapping, mining, fighting Indians, beating off robbers, and breaking up the virgin soil, and establishing homes, and in assisting in handling the affairs of the community in its incipiency, have all been experienced by him and it is matter of great regret that we have not more space to devote to the interesting details of the thrilling adventures of his life. But, turning more definitely to the specific matters in hand. Mr. Lore was born near Montreal, Canada, in October, 1804, nearly one hundred years ago, being the son of Henry and Margaret Lore, who were agricultural people, natives of France, and early settlers of Canada. He was occupied in his younger days on the ranch with his father and in the winter went to the timber and rafted down to Quebec for two springs. When he arrived at the age twenty-six years he went to St. Louis and there worked on a boat for one winter and in the spring engaged as overseer of the stock with the American Fur Company, which was starting an expedition to the Rocky Mountains. For two years, he was with this company traversing the wild regions of the mountains in search of fur, and trapping and hunting. He became very expert in these arts and also while enjoying the thrilling adventures attendant thereupon was well acquainted with the hardships and dangers that so thickly bestrew the path of the hunter and trapper. At the end of his two years service he engaged with a party led by one Jarvey to go to the mountains near Salt Lake, but on account of the uprising among the Indians the trip was abandoned and our subject, in company with Jaquerie, a member of the former party, trapped and hunted for two years more in the territory adjacent to Fort Hall, in Idaho. They were within one hundred miles of this station and were successful in their endeavers. They went north from there to the Payette river country and hunted buffalo, then returned to Fort Hall and wintered, then went to the Clearwater country and on to the Flathead territory, all the time hunting and trapping. Then they started for California, but the partner became afraid of the Indians, and so the trip was abandoned, and Mr. Lore went to work for the noted Henry Spalding where he continued for ten months. After this he crossed the Cascades and took up a ranch of six hundred and forty acres in the Willamette valley and remained twelve years or until 1852, when he went to California and operated in the mines but without much success except to incur the discomfort and pain of enduring an attack of fever and ague and the scurvy, after which he returned to the Willamette valley, sold his ranch, took up another and bought enough more to make five hundred acres in all. There he remained until 1862, when he crossed the Cascades to Union county and was occupied for a time in peddling among the miners, and once was attacked by robbers when he was returning home. For two years he wrought here and then sent for his family from the Willamette valley and bought his present place of one-quarter section, where he has given his attention to farming and stock-raising. Success has attended his efforts and he is now enjoying a competence that his thrift and energy gathered for him. In 1853, the marriage of Mr. Lore and Mary Ann Sanders was solemnized and to them have been born six children, one of whom is living. Joseph, who resides with his parents on the farm. Mrs. Lore is seventy years of age. Mr. Lore is over ninety-seven, and is active and takes interest in the farm and in business generally. He is highly esteemed by all and in a county where many pioneers dwell there is perhaps not another with so extended and interesting a career as has been passed by the worthy and venerable gentleman who is now spending his golden years in the county where he has labored long and faithfully. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 301,302 JAMES W. LYTLE. - To the esteemed and capable gentleman, whose name appears above, we with pleasure accord a representation in this volume of the chronicles of Union county, since he has wrought for many years here for its development, and for the subjstantial progress of the same, manifesting meanwhile, a business ability and energy that have placed him among the leading agriculturists and prominent men of the county, while his unswerving integrity, sound principles and geniality have made him hosts of friends from all classes. Mr. Lytle was born in Wyandot, Ohio, on October 22, 1842, being the son of James and Mary (Anno) Lytle, the father a native of Scotland and the mother of Scottish descent. In 1855 the mother was called by the messenger of death, and on April 1, 1866, the father also passed away. Our subject received his education in the public schools of his native county, and there remained until he had arrived at man's estate. When he had reached his majority he engaged in farming and raising and feeding stock until 1879. In that year he was determined to try his fortunes in the west, and accordingly came to San Francisco, thence by boat to Portland, and by the same conveyance to Wallula. He took up land in Sherman county, Oregon, remaining a few months, when tidings of the fertile Grande Ronde valley reached him and he immediately came thither. He soon selected the place where he lives at present, two and one0half miles south from Alicel, purchased it and set to the task of making it one of the best improved farms in the county of Union. He has bought and sold considerable property since that time, an now is contented to handle one hundred and twenty acres of cultivated land. The production of the cereals, occupies his attention mostly, although he has two acres planted to apples and pears, and conducts a small dairy. He has one of the finest rural residences in the county. It contains eight rooms and spacious halls, and is tasty and fine. He has also good outbuildings and a commodious barn, and all the conveniences to handle his estate in good shape. An air of thrift and plenty pervades the entire premises, and he is one of the most careful and progressive farmers of the county. On August 27, 1876, Mr. Lytle married Miss Savilla Shafer, a native of Ohio, and this estimable lady has shared his labors and successes constantly ever since. Mr. Lytle is greatly interested in politics, although he refuses personal preferment in that line. He was nominated for the state legislature on the Republican ticket, but withdrew from the field. He was the first clerk in the Valeria school district and the cause of education has profited much by his counsel at various times when he held public office. He has served as delegate to the county convention every time since his coming to the county, with the exception of two years. Mr. Lytle is one of the substantial and progressive citizens of the county, and has ever labored faithfully in all those undertakings that are for the benefit of all, while his good character and unsullied reputation have placed him high in the esteem of all. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 442 Copyright 1902 HON. DANIEL A. McALISTER. - Perhaps there is not another man living to-day in the Grande Ronde valley who is so popular with people and so great a favorite in Union and Wallowa counties as the subject of this sketch. And be it said to the credit of Mr. McAlister that in all his long public career he has nobly earned every encomium that has been given by an appreciative and discrimnating people. He is a man of large caliber, with vigor to sustain his untiring activity and integrity to maintain his position of uncompromising uprightness, while he is possessed of a practical judgment, keen foresight and executive ability that combined eminently fit him to fill the prominent place that he has enjoyed not only in the two counties mentioned, but in the estimation of the leading men throughout the state. Daniel A. was born in Coles county, Illinois, on February 6, 1842, and there received a good education from the common schools, attending the same in the winter and assisting on the farm in the summer. At the age of seventeen he spent his whole time on the farm and continued in the same until he was twenty, working with his stepfather. Then he went to Putnam county, Missouri, to visit an uncle and found him preparing to come to the Pacific coast. Our subject was enthused with the plans and heartily set to work assisting in the preparations, and in good time they joined the Yount train. Our subject rode on horseback the entire distance, driving loose stock. They were planning to go to the Willamette valley, but upon the description of the Grande Ronde valley by some soldiers they were led to investigate, and the natural result was that they stopped in that fertile region. The uncle attended to the family and out subject went with ox teams to The Dalles for provisions, consuming thirty days in the trip. He assisted to erect cabins upon his return and then was dispatched to Walla Walla to procure seed, paying there five cents per pound for oats, wheat and potatoes. Twenty-one days were consumed in this trip and then in the fall, the year being 1862, he took up a squatter's claim of one hundred and sixty acres. He set to work splitting rails, an occupation that other statesmen have followed. The wedge for this work cost five dollars, the maul the same amount, and the price for the finished rails was three dollars per hundred. He taught school some later, and in 1866 he sold his claim and the following year rented thirty acres, seeded it, and then went to the Willamette valley to purchase stock. He returned with what cattle his money would buy, landing in the Grande Ronde on July 4th, and as he expressed it "tired out." He soon bought the quarter-section where he now resides, two miles east and one-half mile south from Lagrande, and began to stock and improve the farm. In 1870 he was ready to purchase more land and secured the title to a half-section two miles east from his present place in 1888 he purchased another quarter, and the following year the same amount, all good farm land. In 1898 he sold a half section and in 1901 he bought two hundred and eighty acres of pasture land in Baker county. Mr. McAlister is a fancier of good stock, displaying skill in this line equal to his other achievements. In 1879 he went to Kent, Indiana, and brought back some of the finest stock that was ever imported to the state. He raised a horse that holds the stallion record of the world for trotting, Blondy, now in the Sandwich Islands. he raised another that was exported to Central America. This commendable record in agriculture and in stock raising stamp the man as eminently successful and a benefactor of his fellows and one that hasdoen much for his county, and this brilliant success is only surpassed by the triumphs that have been achieved in the world of legislation and politics. Mr. McAlister is a Democrat in the highest and fullest sense of the word and his faithful adherence to his convictions and open and manly expressions of them is one of hte potent reasons of the folloiwng most brilliant record. Twice since 1893 he has served in the state senate. In 1892 he was the Democratic nominee, his opponents, being M.B. Reese, Republican J.F. Johnson, Populist, of Wallowa and our subject received three hundred and fifty majority. The second term we are not favored with the figures, but Mr. McAlister went to the senate. In 1898 he ran for the legislature against Ed Davis, Republican, and John McAlister, Populist, and our subject was elected by a large majority. In 1900 he ran against Dobler, Republican, and beat by one hundred and thirty majority. Mr. McAlister always runs ahead of his ticket, showing that he is a favorite with the people and especially with his party. His nomination is always unanimous and by acclamation. The secret of his success lies in his ability and his faithfulness and good judgment in handling questions, while every one firmly believes that Daniel McAlister would lose his life rather than be untrue to his principles. In November, 1867, Mr. McAlister married Nancy J., daughter of Peter and Angeline (Painter) Moe, and to this union there have been born ten children, six of whom are living, as follows: Frank A., married to Lizzie Stanley, and living three miles east from North Powder, having one son, Elmer; Mary A., wife of Willard Moss, living at Island City, and has two children, Murrel and Guy; Charles C., single and residing in southern California; William D., married to Epsie Sanderson, lives at Summerville; and has one daughter, Mildred; Reese M., going to agricultural college at Corvallis; Arthur E., the youngest. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 407-409 Copyright 1902 ****************************** D.A. McALLISTER. - Mr. McAllister is a pioneer among the horse-breeders of Eastern Oregon, and has animals in his band of three hundred easily worth four thousand dollars each. He sells colts at from five hundred to six hundred dollars each. It is not always noted, but it is nevertheless a fact, that the value and service of stock of all kinds ins multiplied rather by improving the quality of the animals than by increasing the number of those of inferior grade. In one particular Mr. McAllister is peculiar among horsemen. He despises gambling, and trots or runs only for establishing the reputation of his stock. He has a mare, Leona, that trots a mile in 2:23, and a horse, Blond, which covers the same ground in 2:42, at two years old. The three-year-old Baymont is surprisingly fast; and Centershot of his stable has a wide reputation among horse-fanciers. His animals are Mambrino Chiefs, Hambeltonians, Almonts and Pilot Juniors, - all trotters, and from the best Kentucky strains. His start in this line was made in 1869 by bringing eight animals from the Bluegrass state to the Blue Mountains of Oregon. His ranch is one of the finest in the Grande Ronde, is situated three miles east of La Grande, Oregon, and contains six hundred and eighty acres. The climate, feed, etc., of this section is well adapted to producing a wiry, nervy and intelligent horse. Mr. McAllister came to this country in 1862, and is of a frontiersman's family of Illinois. In crossing the plains he experienced more or less trouble with the Indians, but escaped with only a few brushes. George Geckler, Samuel Williamson and George Harpool, now residents of this region, were of his party, of which Joseph Yount was captain. His uncle, Harvey McAllister, was also in the immigration, and brought some fine stock, of which our subject was drover. His first work was with this uncle in the performance of odd jobs; and it was not until 1867 that he began ranching on his own account with stock purchased with his earnings. His wife, Nancy Moe, in every way his compeer, is the daughter of Peter Moe, a pioneer of 1864 from Michigan. They have nine children, - Frank, Allison, Mollie, Lulu, Charles, Cleveland, Melvina, William, Reese and Ada. Mr. McAllister showed his courage in 1878, during the Indian scare, by refusing to go to the fort. He is one of the men to whom the state looks for its energy and capacity for improvement. Page 444, 445 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 HON. JOHN W. McALISTER. - It now becomes our pleasant privilege to outline in brief review the eventful career of the well known and highly esteemed gentlman whose name initiates this paragraph and whose life is connected with the county of Union, having been identified with it since his early boyhood and having been one of the potent factors in its development as also in making the laws which have proved so salutary for its progress and gaining, meanwhile, a reputation throughout the state because of the ability and sagacity displayed in the state halls of legislation, while no whit behind are the commendable moral virtues which his daily life exemplify, and the intrinsic worth of his character in constant display. Joyn W. was born in Putnam county,Missouri, on June 13, 1856, being the son of Harvye McAlister. When the son was six years of age, the father removed to the west with his family, having no particular objective point except Oregon.Having been safely guided through the long and dangerous journey until they came to Grande Ronde valley, and the teams being tired out, it was determined to stop and recruit, and the result was that Union county gained a prominent and substantial citizen. The father soon took up a squatter's right on the land where our subject now resides, two miles east from Lagrande, and later homesteaded it. Two houses constituted the town of lagrande, when Mr. McAlister stopped his teams there first. Our subject grew up on the home place, receiving a good training from the schools of the county, and when he was twenty-three years of age attended for one and one-half years the University at Eugene in this state. Sickness terminated the course, which it was his purpose to pursue until graduation. He then turned his attentionto raising hops and failure being his lot there he came again to Union county then to Wallowa county and for a time was in the horse business, then returned to Lagrande and engaged as foreman for Rogers and Williamson, two years being spent in that occupation. In 1888 he removed to hispresent location and here he has been engaged in stock raising and genreal farming since. Success has attended his efforts andhe is one of the most prosperous and substantial farmers of the county to-day. He handles blooded stock, consisting of fine Jersey cattle and thoroughbred hogs, having some specimens of the swine tribe that weight seven hundred and thirty-five pounds each. In 1899 Mr. McAlister married Miss Grace daughter of Henry and Delia (Clement) Cronkite, residents of Hillsboro, Oregon. In the political realm Mr. McAlister has been the recipient of much honor from an appreciative and discriminating people, and his ability, his faithfulness,his wisdom and his sound principles have entitled him to all the gifts in the power of his constituents; and while true to all trusts reposed in him, he has never accepted a public position that he did not fill to the satisfaction of the people, with credit to hmself and with stanch faithfulness that is gratifying and highlycommendable. In 1890 he was nominated by the Democrats for the state legislature against Charles Goodnough of the Republican party and he gained the day by twenty-three majority, being one of three on his ticket that were elected.In 1896 he was nominated by the Populists against Fred Stanley and J.A. Wright of the Repblican party and William Hunter of the Democrats, to to be elected, and our subject received one hundred and eightymajority, running away ahead of his ticket, and being one of five elected on his ticket. In 1898 he received the nomination of the Populist ticket, D.A. McAlister being the Democratic nominee and Fred Stanley and Ed Davis the Republican candidates, two to be elected and our subject was defeated by a small majority. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masons, Red Men, Artisans, and the Eastern Star. Mr. McAlister is also a member of the Christian church and is at present the only resident elder in that body. He is highly esteemed throughout the county, both for his ability and personal qualities of worth, as well as for the excellent public service that he has rendered. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 447,448 Copyright 1902 JAMES McCALL. - A capable and upright man who has wrought with energy and intelligence in the work of bringing about the advancement of Union county and building up her institutions, the esteemed gentleman, whose name initiates this sketch, is one of whom the county may well be proud, and it is with pleasure that we incorporate a review of his practical and interesting career. James is a native of East Tennessee, and the son of Joseph and Malinda (Cradick) McCall, who removed with their son to Hancock county, Illinois, soon after he had gained his primary education, and in this latter place he finished a good education and then taught school for a time, gaining a good success in that line. In 1865, he crossed the plains to Oregon, locating in the Grande Ronde valley and taking up the dual occupation of raising stock and tilling the soil. In 1869 he was called back to Illinois on business and there he remained until 1885, when he returned to the Grande Ronde valley, purchasing four hundred acres of fine land where he now lives, one mile northwest from Island City. He gave his attention to farming and handling stock, and a brilliant success has been the meed of his faithful and wisely directed efforts. He purchased recently eight hundred acres of land, devoting it to grain and hay purposes. He has an elegant and attractive home, and happiness, and joy are constant guests, within its walls. In 1868 Mr. McCall married Miss Sarah E., daughter of Charles L. and Tabitha A. (Halley) Surber, of Lagrande. Ten children have become members of the household since that time, named as follows: Mamie M., wife of U.G. Couch, living in Island City; Linna A., wife of Price McAlister, living in Whatcom, Washington; Fannie J., wife of U.R. Wilson, living in Wallowa; Lillie A.; George A., deceased; W. Arthur, going to business college in Portland; Hugh, attending high school at Lagrande; Edna, Florence, and Marjorie, attending school in Lagrande. Mr. McCall is a member of the I.O.O.F., and he and his wife affiliate with the Methodist church. Mr. McCall is a practical hunter and he has a trophy of a beautiful mounted swan that he secured near his place. He is always interested in those measures that are for the benefit of the county, and he and his wife are valuable members of society, being capable, amiable, and progressive, and from their good and faithful example in life there has been much good accomplished in our county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 334 ALEXANDER C. McCLELLAND. - The present registrar of the United States land-office at La Grande, Oregon, is a native of Indiana, having been born there in 1842. He received his education at the Berlin High School, Wisconsin, and in 1863 came west to Montana as a gold-seeker. He found the employment of his intellectual acquisition more profitable, however, and for a number of years engaged in school-teaching and educational work in the Willamette valley. In 1867 we find him in the mines at Baker City, looking after "lodes" and "leads," and also in 1870 engaged in the stock business with his present partner, B.W. Bartholomew. In 1874 he was married to Miss Mary, the only daughter of the pioneer David J. Chambers, of Chambers Prairie. Engaging in business at Olympia with A.H. Chambers, three years were spent until a change to the dryer climate of Baker county became necessary from considerations of health. In 1879 he sold his stock ranch, and located the next year at Island City, following such pursuits as were suited to the condition of his health. He is at present residing at La Grande, having been appointed as head of the land-office of that district by President Harrison. Page 452 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 CHAS. M. McCLURE. - Mr. McClure has taken as active a part as anyone in establishing our state, and was one of the veterans who, as lieutenant, saw the whole war in Southern Oregon. Born in Missouri in 1832, he went to Mexico in 1850, and in 1851 crossed the plains to Oregon, settling near Brownsville on the Calapooia. He soon undertook the toilsome and exciting life of a miner in Northern California and Southern Oregon, and in 1853 assisted the settlers of Rogue river valley in protecting themselves form the Indians, being one of the relief party from Table Rock to help the reconnoitering party who were surrounded on Evans creek. he was also in the hot fight on the same creek in which General Lane was wounded. In 1855 he was on the way with a pack-train from Yreka to Frazer river, when the news of the great outbreak reached him at Salem. Turning about at once, he joined the company of Bailey as second lieutenant, to avenge the death of the captain's brother, and to save the rest of the Whites. This was the band of Linn and Lane volunteers, and the first to reach the scene, making the trip by forces marches. The details of that campaign are given elsewhere. McClure, however, was in the whole of it. At the place where Captain Bailey was murdered, the oxen and hogs still lay as they had been killed, and the chickens had escaped from their coops and were pecking morsels from among the dead bodies of the animals and men. He was in the fight at Grave creek and on Hungry hill, where the boys were twenty-four hours without food, and were fighting all the time. He participated in all the movements of the volunteers, including the Big Bend adventures in the autumn. The winter was passed by him with his company at Little Camas; and he assisted in the defense of the Looking Glass, where Bailey's company alone drove out the Indians. When this company disbanded, McClure joined Latshaw's and afterwards Waldron's company as second lieutenant. This company took part in the decisive fight at the Big Bend; and McClure was later in command of a detachment in the running fight on Cow creek. after his own relief, he went to the reinforcement of Captain Smith on the Rogue river. He was also of the party fired upon after dark when spending a social hour at their cam0p, losing four of their number. After leaving the service in which he so well performed his part, he engaged in packing and stage business in Western Oregon, and in 1861 extended his operations to the minds of Idaho. In 1870 he made a home in the Grande Ronde, near La Grande, Oregon, and has invested largely in farm lands and in stock, now owning five thousand acres, with six thousand sheep and sixty horses. He has a family of a wife and six children. Page 452, 453 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 JAMES N. McCLURE. - In the person of the gentleman of whom who now write, we have one of those men, who have passed almost their entire life in this county, and hence are familiar with its resources and advantages in every department. James N. McClure was born on January 2, 1858, in Eugene, Marion county, Oregon, whence six years later he came with his parents, Charles M. and Laura V. (Pierce) McClure, to this county and here he has received his education and grown to his present prominent position in the county, having manifested, in the long years in which he has moved in the business and social circles of this realm, an uprightness, born of sound principles, and integrity and worth coupled with sagacity, that have given him a very enviable prestige throughout the county and stamped him as one of its most substantial and worthy citizens. When he came to this county he made his home with his parents until 1887 and then launched out into the world in independent action. In 1886, he purchased his present home of one hundred and sixty acres, which is situated eight miles south from Lagrande. The farm is well improved and every where hears testimony to thrift and industry. He has one of the finest orchards in the county and is skillful in the production of the fruits of the soil, and in raising stock. On January 2, 1887, the marriage of Mr. McClure and Miss Helen D., daughter of Mary A. Earl, was solemnized. They have been blessed with the advent of the following children. Harley E., Lucy, and Neal N. Mr. McClure is a member of the Modern Woodmen of American and is popular in these relations as well as in his associations generally. Mr. McClure is one of the oldest and best known citizens of the county as well as one of its progressive and substantial upbuilders whose efforts have been in the line of advancement constantly and whose wisdom and faithfulness commend him to every upright and honorable man who desires the advancement and welfare of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 260,261 Copyright 1902 EVANS S. McCOMAS. - One of the earliest pioneers of what is now Union county, and intimately acquainted with all of eastern Oregon, having been a prominent figure here from the time of his advent into the region, the gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article, is to-day one of the leading representatives of Union county and has ever maintained a walk manifesting public spirit and an ardent interest in the welfare of all, while he has been instrumental in upbuilding the county by his own efforts in the business enterprises that he has fostered and consummated as well as in maintaining a wide awake newspaper in the early days that was a potent factor in advertising the country and cementing the various factors in the cosmopolitan population that came here in pristine times. Evans S. was born in Adams county, Ohio, in 1839, being the son of John and Janette (Carr) McComas, natives respectively of Kentucky and Ohio. He obtained a good education before he reached the years of majority, and at the age of twenty-one entered the ranks of the educators where he did commendable work for a few years. In 1861 he crossed the plains with ox teams, buoyant and hopeful in the anticipation of the smiles of fortune expected in the new country of the west. Auburn, in Baker county, was at the end of the journey, and he mined there during the fall of 1862 and in the summer of 1863 he set out on a tour of search for the famous "Blue Bucket Diggins" which occupied so many in the days of vigorous prospecting. Failing, as all the others did in this quest, he came through Union county to Umatilla in 1863 and there operated a wood yard. In 1864, he came to Lagrande and ran a hotel until 1866, when he was elected county clerk of Union county, serving for two terms, and conducted a livery barn at the same time. He also held the office of register of state lands for the Lagrande district for four years. In 1868 he published the first paper that was put out in Union county, and continued it until 1881. The title of this pioneer sheet was The Mountain Sentinel, a very appropriate cognomen. Subsequent to 1881, Mr. McComas spent six years in the east. In 1876, the county seat was removed to Union and thither came Mr. McComas and opened a mining and real estate office under the name of the Union Promotion and Development Company. Previous to this venture he had been clerk of the house of representatives in 1870. In 1867 the marriage of Mr. McComas and Miss Harriet M., daughter of P. and Elizabeth Welch, of Lone Tree, Iowa was celebrated in Umatilla. Fraternally, Mr. McComas is affiliated with the Yellow Hawk Lodge, No. 23, Improved Order of Redmen, of Lagrande. He is a man of prominence throughout the county and is highly respected by all, and has ever manifested unswerving integrity and upright principles. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 334, 335 S.B. McCORD. - Syrenous Burnett McCord, one of the leading hardware merchants of Eastern Oregon, was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, in 1842. He went with his parents to Wisconsin when a youth, and lived there several years. At the age of eighteen he entered into an apprenticeship in a blacksmith shop in the city of Black Jack, his boss being the Honorable George W. Strong; and there he served out his time and came out a good workman. He crossed the plains in 1864, leaving with Colonel Flurney's train. At Baldock's ranch, in the Powder river valley, Oregon, he at once entered into the blacksmithing business at Pocahontas, seven miles northwest of Baker City. He came down the valley the next spring, and started the little town of Wingville, which he named after a little town near his old home in Wisconsin. At Wingville, too, he plied the art of Vulcan, but in 1868 came to Baker City and engaged in his trade in partnership with his brother, R.D., who was there before him. The brothers dissolved partnership in 1871; and S.B. entered the hardware business on his own responsibility. He was a member of the first city council of Baker City, and in 1886 was elected county treasurer on the Democratic ticket, being re-elected in 1888. He was also elected the first mayor of Baker City in 1887, and was re-elected in 1888. He takes special pleasure in remembering the fact that he was the first to advocate bringing in and operating a water system for Baker City. In that effort he encountered the heavy opposition of a company of capitalists, who desired a franchise for a private enterprise. Clearly seeing the danger of putting so important a public matter in any other than city control, Mr. McCord exerted all his efforts in opposition, and was successful; and the citizens of the city may well thank him for his great service. He was married in 1871 to Miss Angie Speelman, daughter of a pioneer of 1862; and they now have a family of seven children. Mr. McCord believes that the resources of Baker city and county are great enough to insure a flourishing future. The combination of mining, farming, lumbering and grazing interests points to a diversity of industries and a consequent large population. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 453 WILLIAM McILROY. - The active and capable gentleman whose name appears above, is one of Union county's progressive and enterprising stockmen and agriculturists, having wrought here as well as elsewhere with display of ability and sagacity that commend him to all lovers of thrift and industry and which have resulted in the accumulation of a goodly portion of property and the placing of our subject among the most prominent and influential men of this section, while his integrity and uprightness are commensurate with his other characteristics. Iowa City, Iowa, is the birth place of our subject, and July 27, 1861, the date of this event, while his parents were James and Mary A. (Calahon) McIlroy, farmers of that state. The father migrated to Oregon later in life and lived on a farm east from Elgin. At the budding of his majority, our subject inaugurated independent action, going to South Dakota where he farmed for two seasons then came to Washington, tilling the soil in Walla Walla and Whitman counties for two years. In 1885 he came to Union county, settling on a farm three and one-half miles east from Elgin for five years when he sold and repaired to Los Angeles, California, farming there for three years. Returning to Elgin in 1893, he remained in the town for a time and then rented S.S. Thompson's farm for some time until he purchased nine hundred and sixty acres ten miles south east from Elgin, also taking up a homestead there. He is now taking up the stock business on an extended scale and is manifesting great skill and wisdom in this enterprise, which will doubtless bring to him the accustomed success that has been his to enjoy. On July 2, 1890, at the home of the bride's parents near Elgin, Mr. McIlroy married Miss Inda, daughter of W.W. and Priscilla (Hoffman) Gordon, and three children have been born, Elsie, Jessie, and Una. Mr. and Mrs. McIlroy are highly esteemed members of society and they are numbered among our most substantial citizens, having displayed both a becoming demeanor of wisdom and affability, couple with uprightness that mark the worthy ones. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 434, 435 Copyright 1902 JAMES A. McKENZIE. - Among the thrifty and intelligent agriculturists of Union county who have steadily pursued their way producing the fruits of the field and raising fine herds of cattle while the years have gone by, making the county what it is at the present time, must be mentioned the influential and loyal citizen, whose name initiates this paragraph,who has labored assiduously in the callings mentioned with an attendant success that has given him the meed of large fields and much property,while he has demonstrated the excellent qualities characteristic of his personality with a concomitant sagacity that dominates his entire course and commends him to the fellowship of his friends and acquaintances. In the Dominion of Canada, on December 26, 1858, was born James A., being the son of Roderick and Margaret (Ross) McKenzie, both natives of Scotland. The year following the birth of our subject his parents removed to Illinois, whence, in 1863, they came via the plains to the Grande Ronde valley. The train divided at this point, part going on to the Walla Walla country and our subject's father locating on a piece of land a little south from Summerville. In the district schools of our country James A. was educated, and he remained with his father on the cultivation of the farm, which grew from the homestead to eight hundred acres. They were occupied in general farming and raising stock until the railroad came. Our subject removed to his present place, three and one-half miles south from Sumerville, in the eighties. He has a quarter section of fine soil, which is well improved and produces abundant crops. He also owns some fine specimens of Shorthorn cattle, as well as some other stock. On November 30,1890, Mr. McKenzie married Miss Mary E., daughter of Daniel and Polly (Jesse) Williams, natives of Virginia. In political matters of the county and state, Mr. McKenzie takes an active and intelligent part, while also he has given the district where he resides the benefit of his wisdom in the office of clerk for some time. Mr. McKenzie has never sought for preferment in political lines and he is one of that substantial number who form the real bone and sinew of any community and are the boast and pride of our commonwealth. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 466 RODERICK MacKENZIE. - Any compilation that gives mention of the pioneers of Union county would be open to serious criticism were there failure to incorporate an epitome of the sturdy pioneer, leading farmer, and prominent citizen, whose name is at the head of this article, and who has wrought for many years for the advancement of this county and the development of its resources having won here the smiles of fortune by the display of untiring energy, wise management and unswerving integrity, while he is to-day one of the real builders of our county and one of its distinguished citizens. To Robert and Catherine (Macbeath) MacKenzie, on February 14, 1834, in Sheildaig, on the Applecross estate, in Rosshire, among the highlands of Scotland, was born the subject of this sketch. His father died when Roderick was a child, and he remained with his mother until he had arrived at the age of twelve, then embarked with an uncle on a sailing vessel, bound for the fishing regions, and for four years he filled the position of cook, subjsequent to which he spent two years in fishing off the east coast of Scotland, then was a sailor before the mast on a trading vessel out from the ports of England to the neighboring countries. In the spring of 1857 he came on a sailing vessel to Montreal, Cambria, of Greenock, was the good ship, and six weeks were consummed in the trip. Our subject came from Montreal to Buffalo and thence to Chicago by rail. He spent some time as sailor on the great lakes, then worked on the Mississippi river, then back to the lakes and finally turned his attention to farming in Illinois. In December 1861, Mr. JacKenzie married Miss Maggie Ross, a native of Inverness, Scotland, who came to this country in 1859, and three children were born to them; James A.; Donald; Katie, wife of L. Rinehart. In the spring of 1863 Mr. MacKenzie prepared the horse team outfits and took up the dangerous journey across the plains in company with six families. Being escorted across the most dangerous prtions of the road by soldiers, they were not seriously injured by the hostile Indians, although they suffered several attacks. He came direct to Union county and located his present place on Sandridge, trading a team for the improvements on a quarter. Few settlers were in the valley, there being only three log cabins on the entire ridge. He built the fourth, a cabin twelve by fourteen and covered with dirt. His first wheat was tramped out by horses and winnowed by the breezes, but for this crop he received ten cents per pound. It is of note that when Mr. MacKenzie landed here he had the sum of five dollars in cash, and his present magnificent holdings are the result of his labor and sagacity. He owns an estate of one thousand acres, well improved with good buildings, orchards and other accessories. He has a hundred head of fine stock, and as many hogs, owns four houses in Summerville, a fine large livery and feed stable, and much other property. He resides in Summerville, and is considered one of the leading men of the county. For a number of years he filled acceptably the office of city councilman. Death came to the happy home of Mr. MacKenzie and snatched thence his wife. He married Miss BelleThompson, a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and three children have been born to them; Alexander, Clyde and Leroy. Politically Mr. MacKenzie is affiliated with the Republican party and he has always sought the interests of the county and has displayed commendable zeal for the welfare of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 383, 384 JOHN L. McKINNIS. - This prominent and representative citizen of Union county is one of the leading agriculturists of this section, as well as being one of the most successful business men, having demonstrated his ability in the realms in which he has wrought in such a decided manner that he has placed his name rightly among the distinguished manipulators of industrial affairs in the eastern part of the state, while commensurate with this brilliant display is the stanch character of worth of which he is possessed, and the sterling qualities of moral distinction which characterize his entire walk. John L. was born in Jackson county, Ohio, on July 3, 1843, being the son of Craner and Catherine (Truseler) McKinnis, and six eyars later was taken by his parents to Ottumwa, Iowa, and thence to Knoxville, in the same state. He remained with his parents on the farm until the spring of 1864, gaining meanwhile a good education from the school of the sections where he resided. At the date last mentioned, he undertook the dangerous trip across the plains with ox teams, completing the same in the Grande Ronde valley after some trouble with the Indians, and enduring the hardships and deprivations incident to such a journey. He engaged here for wages for a time on the farm and in frewighting and then took up the school teaching, later identifying himself with the saw milling business. Then occurred one of the most important items of his life on the third day of March, 1867, namely, his marriage with Miss Rachel C., daughter of Joseph and Mary A. (Sturgill) Harris. Mrs. McKinnis had crossed the plains with her parents in 1865, making the entire journey with ox teams from Sullivan county,Missouri, to the Grande Ronde valley. Then, on the 3d day of March, also, in1868, our subject and his wife moved onto the nucleus of their present farm, three miles northeast from Summerville, having purchased a man's right to a quarter of state land. With courageous hearts and good health, they started to build a home for themselves, and how well they have succeeded is better told in a brief summary of the possessions of Mr. McKinnis at the present time than in any other way. At his home place he owns nine hundred and twenty acres of good land and also eight hundred acres of timber land. He has a fine dwelling of twelve rooms, large barn and all outbuildings necessary for the operation of the estate. In addition to this handsome showing, Mr. McKinnis has achieved a distinct and brilliant success in altogether another line, each one of which will mark him as a man of both ability and sagacity worthy of especial note. In 1880 he engaged in the saw milling business, first near Elgin then north from Summerville, and success crowned his efforts, but in 1898 his mill burned. Mr. McKinnis was one of the builders of the Alliance flouring mill at Lagrande, being one of the heaviest stockholders in the enterprise. In the spring of 1900 he sold his entire interest in this plant. In 1898 he was one to incorporate the Elgin Milling Company, of which he now owns one-half of the stock. They have a plant, which for completeness of equipment and quality of machinery is not surpassed in the state. The mill has an output capacity of one hundred barrels per day and it is one of the most successful and excellent industries in the county. In addition to this, Mr. McKinnis has achieved a good success in raising fruit, having about eight acres in orchard, and also has a fine band of stock. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born eleven children, as follows: Clement L., married to Nettie (English); Beatrice, wife of W.F. Hug; Hershcel married to Cora Bishop, of Elgin; Ina, wife of Isaac Bingaman, of Flora; Frank, married to Anna McKenzie; Hannah, wife of Henry Davidhizar, of Joseph; Rosa B., wife of George Bade, of Milton; Thomas, twin to Rosa; James; Charles; Stella. Mr. McKinnis was one of the delegates who nominated J.B. Weaver for president in 1892. He has served as county school superintendent, being elected to that position in 1874. And of Mr. McKinnis it may be said that in public service, handling the weighty industries of this section, in all of his business career, and also in all of his private life, he has displayed both great ability, stanch and unswerving uprightness and integrity and he is beloved and esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 437,438 NEIL C. McLEOD - The legal fraternity of Union county embraces men of ability and talent who have been instrumental in achieving much for the benefit of the county in various ways, and one among this number who has exerted an influence far reaching and favorable toward advancement and progress, is he who is named at the head of this article, and to whom we grant a representation in the volume of his county's history, both because of his achievements and his standing, having attained these by dint of hard labor since he was a boy, being a self-made man, and, as Mark Twain aptly says: "Not one of those who stopped before the job was done," because our subject is pursuing his way with the gratification that at every turn he is favored with substantial and even brilliant success. Neil C. was born in the seagirt land of Prince Edward Island, August 15, 1859, being the date, and the booming billows chant was the music familiar to his infantile ears. His parents, John and Margret (Shaw) McLeod, natives respectively of Isle of Sky, Scotland, and Prince Edward Island, were numbered with the progressive and intelligent tillers of the soil in his native place. In 1875 they bade farewell to their island home and traveled to Otoe county, Nebraska, where they settled to farming, the son working with his father and also teaching school, thus manifesting that his boyhood days were well spent in the acquisition of practical lore. It was in 1880 that they removed to Union county, settling near Summerville, where they engaged in farming, and our subject gave his spare time to the study of the law. In 1892 they removed to Summerville and our subject gave his entire time to the study of law, also practicing the same. It was in May, 1894, at Pendleton before the supreme court of Oregon that he finally passed the severe examinations and was admitted to practice in all the state courts. In 1901 he was also admitted to the United States courts. Immediately subsequent to his admission to the state courts Mr. McLeod removed to Elgin, and there opened a law office, also doing collection and insurance. He has been rewarded with the sure meed of industry, ability and faithfulness and enjoys a good practice and also the confidence of the people. Mr. McLeod owns a farm of one hundred and twenty acres, and seven acres in the city where he lives. On May 16, 180, in Indianola, Nebraska, Mr. McLeod and Miss Jennie, daughter of John and Kate McLeod, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony, and three children have blessed the union, Maggie, Walter and Mabel. Mrs. McLeod is a second cousin to her husband, and was born in Prince Edward island on August 1, 1864, her parents coming from that country to Otoe county, Nebraska, in 1868, thence to Washington county, Oregon, in 1880, where they are now numbered with the agricultural population. Mr. McLeod is a member of the Masons, Elgin Lodge, No. 93, and of the Blue Mountain Chapter, No. 62, of E.O.S. He and his family are members of the Presbyterian church, and he is a man of the community in whom is reposed the respect and esteem that become a typical, upright and capable citizen and it is but just to remark that his career, which has been eminently successful, bids fair to become much more powerful and distinguished in the county and even in the state. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 365, 366 ROBERT J. McWILLIAMS. - Robert J. McWilliams has been for many years identified with the pioneer business interests of Oregon, particularly in the line of lumbering and preparing materials for the construction of steamboats. He was born in New York in 1825, and in 1839 emigrated to Michigan, where he assisted his father in opening out a farm, and after the age of twenty entered upon the business of lumbering, with which he remained until 1850, when he crossed the plains to California, and remained until his trip overland to Milwaukee, Oregon, in 1851. At that young city, then a rival of Portland, he leased the sawmill of Lot Whitcomb, and subsequently that of Collins & Torrence, opposite Milwaukee, which was run by steam. His lumber sold readily at from forty to fifty dollars per thousand, and laths at sixteen dollars. In 1854 he erected and furnished at Mlwaukee the Veranda Hotel at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars, the best then in Oregon. In 1856 he worked for or in the sawmill of Bradford & Company at the Cascades for four years, and sawed the lumber for the steamer Hassalo, long known on the Columbia, and also prepared the planking for the bottom of the steamer Colonel Wright, built for the Upper Columbia traffic. In 1857 he was married to Miss Olive W., daughter of Lot Whitcomb, who built and launched the steamer Lot Whitcomb on the 25th of December, 1849, at which event the captain of a vessel was killed by the bursting of the cannon that was being fired on the occasion. The boat was a side-wheel, high-pressure, double-engine, walking -beam steamer, with Captain J.C. Ainsworth as captain. and pilot, and Joseph Myrack, assistant pilot and clerk, and Jacob Kamm engineer. She was sold to a California company in 1882. Many of Mr. McWilliams' early enterprises led him among the Indians, as when in 1854 he accompanied Green Arnold to the Umatilla country, and was with him barricaded by the Cayuses for more than a week. The years of 1863-64-65 were spent in mining expeditions seventy-five miles from Lewiston, in a place called Elk City, while his family remained at Milwaukee. The Grande Ronde proving attractive to his mind, he accepted employment in a large livery stable at La Grande, known as the Cattle Stable. As proprietor of the "Our House" hotel for two years, and afterwards of the Sixteen-mile House, as keeper of the Clover Creek Station, and in different enterprises at La Grande, he passed the years until his removal to Summerville in 1874. At that point he was instrumental in reopening the Thomas and Ruckle Blue Mountain road. He also carried the Wallowa mail, and increased the service from two to seven times per week. The sixteen days of the first years he carried the same. He also purchased the Patton sawmill of Summerville, and conducted the same, together with two livery stables. Afterwards, in 1887, he removed to the town of Elgin in Indian valley, Oregon; and this beautiful section in his present home. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 466 JOSEPH A. McWHIRTER. - The subject of this sketch is deserving of credit to many lines, having wrought with faithfulness and efficiency in a number of the callings of human industry, but first of all we wish to mention the fact that he is one of the earliest pioneers of this as well as other sections and has done very much for the development of the country and the inauguration of civilization's rule in the places where he has been domiciled in the west, and it is worthy of note that Mr. McWhirter has ever conducted his life so uprightly and with manifestation of both capability and good graces so that he has always commanded the respect and won the encomiums of his fellows. In Mercer county, Pennsylvania, in 1833, Mr. McWhirter first saw the light and there remained for twenty years, and then in 1853 his adventurous spirit le him to the wildness of the west for exploration and to carve a place for himself in the annals of the country. He landed in Portland and shortly afterward went to a place called Marysville and there wrought at his trade, harness making, for one J.B. Congle, for three months, and then migrated to Union Point and opened a shop for himself, remaining over one winter and then went to prospecting on the Coquille river, but on account of the hostility of the Indians he came back to Scottsburg and again took up his trade, remaining there for six months, and then went to the Willamette valley. From that place he went overland to California, visiting Sacramento, San Francisco, Stockton and many other places, and finally turned his attention to mining. For four years he worked on a ditch that was seventy-five miles long and that cost one million of dollars. The proprietors of the dtich sold out and left our subject and seventeen others without their pay. The new company refused to pay the bill, and finally the men became desperate and fought their cause with such vigor that they were rewarded by the payment of twnety thousand dollars. After this Mr. McWhirter started to the Florence diggins, making his way across the country from Hangtown, California, without trail. He struck the old emigrant road and came to Auburn, Baker county, and there took up mining. Afterwards he went to Walla Walla and bought goods and transported them to the mines. Two trips of this work were made by him and then he sold out and came to union county and located on the river about one mile east from Lagrande and bought from the state two hundred and forty acres of land, a portion of which he still owns. For five or six years he gave his attention to tilling the soil and then he came to what is now called Old Town and opened a harness shop and store, and in the steady prosecution of this industry he has been engaged ever since until the time of his retirement, eight years ago. He opened the shop in 1865 and operated it for nearly thirty years. His excellent work, deferential treatment of his patrons and upright business methods gave him a large and opulent patronage, and he is well known all over the county and respected wherever he is known. As stated, Mr. McWhirter retired from the greater activities of business some time since and he is now living in a comfortable house in Lagrande and the people have shown their approval of his worth and integrity by electing him to the office of chief executive of the city, and in this capacity he is found at the present time. He has manifested excellent executive ability and has shown marked faithfulness in the discharge of the duties incumbent upon him. He was also much interested in the educational advantages of the early times and the districts profited much from his services and ability as clerk. In politics Mr. McWhirter is a Republican and has the courage of his convictions, and is an ardent supporter of the principles of the party. The marriage of Mr. McWhirter and Miss Helen M. Henderson, a native of Iowa, was celebrated in 1870. She passed from this life shortly afterward and is buried in the cemetery at Lagrande. She left one daughter, Helen M., who died at the age of seventeen. In 1872 Mr. McWhirter was married a second time and the lady that then became his wife was Miss Kate Tantlinger, and to them have been born two children, May and Fannie. Mr. McWhirter is passing the richer days of mature life in the quiet of his pleasant home and is the recipient of the honor freely bestowed by his fellows and is one of the prominent and capable citizens of the county and a promoter of advancement and sound principles in government. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 271,272 Copyright 1902 PIERCE A. MAHAFFEY. - To all those traveling in the older times across the rugged Blue Mountain range, the Blue Mountain House is a well-remembered spot. Its ample dimensions, its bountiful far, its genial good cheer, and its generosity and hospitality, made it a welcome relief from the toil of the road. The untimely death of this well-known gentleman has now cast its shadow over the place. Mr. Mahaffey was born in Park county, Indiana, January 25, 1841, and was educated in Iowa, whither he removed in 1850, where he was engaged in farming until 1862. In that year he crossed the plains to Oregon and went to Salem, where he remained for five years thereafter. The business of freighting drew him past La Grande, Oregon; and in 1867 he removed thither, locating his family, which then consisted of his mother and sister, now Mrs. L.O. Sterns of Baker City, Oregon. After two years in the drug business, and also a time spent in the brokerage business, be bought the Blue Mountain House and conducted it successfully until his death, February 14, 1888, nine years later. He was married in 1875 to Miss Lou McWaters, daughter of William McWaters, a planter of distinction in Southern Kentucky. His children are Maggie D. and Ernest P. Mr. Mahaffey was a very active man in a public capacity, ever at the front in all improvements, and was constantly sought for public positions. He was a justice of the peace eight or nine years, and was a councilman of the city, taking an active part in all matters relating to the welfare of the town. He invested largely in farming land, and at the time of his death, in the forty-eighth year of his age, owned forty-seven hundred acres. His death was universally deplored. It can be said of him, which can be said of few men of his age, that never a year passed that he did not visit his mother, for whom he always retained the most ardent affection, as well as every member of his family. Page 437 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 C.M. MALLORY. - Mr. Mallory, a leading merchant of Heppner, Oregon, is recognized as also a representative man of his section. He was born October 18, 1851, in Steuben county, New York, receiving in his native district a substantial, practical education. In 1868 he acted upon an enterprising impulse, and sought the newest side of the new world, coming via the Isthmus to Oregon, and selecting first a location near Salem. In 1870 he sought a still newer and fresher field in the Inland Empire, laying a claim near the present site of Heppner. While waiting for a city to grow up near him, he followed the life of a stock-ranger, and made himself active in public matters and in the politics of the neighborhood. Coming to Heppner, he was appointed postmaster in 1878, and in connection with attendance upon his office carried a stock of confectionery, and a length developed that into a drug business. In 1880 he reconverted his goods and business location into livestock, resigned his office, and assumed the life of a sheep-rancher; but in 1881 he returned to the city and entered once again upon business as a druggist. That he followed successfully until 1888. In that year he was able to sell his drug store to advantage, and to set up a flourishing business in the line of furniture, which he at present conducts to his own profit and to the advantage of the public. In 1882 Mr. Mallory was married to Miss Mary Davis, of Union, Oregon. They have one daughter, Maud. Page 437, 438 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 JAMES A. MASTERSON. - It now becomes our pleasant privilege to outline the interesting career of the estimable gentleman, whose name is at the ehad of this article, and who stands as one of the prominent and representative men of Union county, being also aheavy property owner, and having manifested since an early day here ability that was master of the situation and has acuumulated his holdings from the raw resources of the county, while also he has maintained an untarnished reputation and has done much for the advancement of the county, being really one of the builders of Union county. In Lexington, Kentucky, on October 10, 1842, our subject was born to William A. and Elizabeth J. (Violet) Masterson, natives respectively of Kentucky and Pennnsylvania. The father was a mill wright and went to Lexington, Missouri, in 1843, and as early as 1851, brought his family over the barren trail to Lane county, Oregon. he took a donatin claim and gave his attention to farming and stock raising until September 8,1890, when he was called to the world beyond. The mother is living in Lagrande, being a property owner of the city. In 1863, our subject stepped from the parental roof and launched out into life's activities for himself, mining first and then returned in fall of 1864, to the Willamette valley and fitted out, in connection with his brothers, wagons and came to The Dalles and they engaged in freighting from there to the mines of Idaho. Seven years were spent in this vigorous and arduous work, and then he sold his interests to his brother, also a blacksmith shop which he had been operating in Cove, and went to Wallowa valley, taking the first wagon into the valley in 1872. He carried the first plow with him and struck the first furrow in that fertile country.He took a homestead between Lostine and Wallowa, that is the sites of those towns, no settlement being there then, and engaged in raising stock. He remained there for nineteen years and then hadmuch property besides his four hundred and eighty acres of land. he was, during htis time, the first postmaster, but resigned in favor of another man, and from1888 to 1890 he was county commissioner of Wallowa county. In 1891, he came to Elgin and in partnership with his son-in-law, Robert Mays, opened a mercantile establishment and warehouse. The mercantile establishment was soon sold to D.B. Hendricks, but the warehouse is under the management of Mr. Mays. Mr. Masterson has also found time to take an active part in the banking business of Union county, being at the present time president of the Stockholders Bank of Elgin, and his ability, and keen foresight have been in inestimable value to that institution. He also owns three quarters of a section of good timber land in this county and a fine home of modern design and provided with all conveniences of the day in Elgin. On January 21, 1869, Mr. Masterson married Miss Almira, daughter of Chancey and Sarah 9Ryan)Blanchard and the following children have come to gladden the union; Hattie J., wife of Robert Mays, of Elgin; Daniel, died November 18, 1879, aged seven years; H. Gibens, Rena C. Mrs. Masterson's parents are natives of new York, the father being a sailor, and they came to oregon in 1867, settling in the Cove, whence five years later he went to sea and there died, being buried in the Pacific ocean in 1875. The mother is married again and lives in Boise, Idaho. Mrs. Masterson was born August 28, 1840, in New York. Mr. Masterson is affiliated with the Masons, Elgin Lodge, No. 98; with the Blue Mount Chapter, No. 52, I.E.S.; with B.P.O.E., at Lagrande. He was in Alaska in 1898 and engaged in the hay and grain business for one year. Went to Cape Nome and engaged in the butcher business and in 1901 returned home. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 460,461 Copyright 1902 ROBERT C. MAYS. - The well-known and capable business man, whose name appears at the head of this article, is one of the most widely known men of Union, and Wallowa counties, and is at the present time handling a large business as warehouseman at Elgin, where he is numbered among the leading residents of that thriving city, and he has made a record in this section that is both crowned with gratifying success from a financial standpoint, and wherein he has maintained a representation that is untarnished and displayed talents that properly place him among the real leaders in the county. On August 31, 1860, in McMinnville Oregon, our subject first saw the light, being the son of John C. and Martha J. (Nye) Mays, natives of North Carolina, who were married on June 22, 1851 in Missouri, Brown county,and the following year threaded the dreary plains and climbed the rugged mountains that separated eastern civilization from the western wilds, using for transportation ox teams. Settlement was made in Yam Hill county, three miles distant from McMinnville, and a donation claim of one-half section was secured. Work commenced in earnest to make a good home, and when sixteen years later Mr. Mays sold his farm it was one of the best and most finely improved in the entire valley. In 1869 they came to Walla Walla and thence, soon afterwards to Umatilla county, where four hundred and eighty acres of land was bought near Weston and farming and stock raising employed the father there for eight years. In 1878 he sold out and went to Dayton, Washington, buying school land there and engaging in the sheep business. Eight years later he again moved, this time to Colfax, where he took up the stock business and also operated a livery until February 1, 1882, when he was called from the scenes of life to the realities of a world beyond, his remains being buried in the Dayton cemetery. The mother is now living with her son, Charles, in Elgin. Returning more particularly to our subject, we note that he commenced activity in life for himself at the age of eighteen by engaging in the sheep business in Columbia county, Washington, which he sold two years later and then acted as salesman for Clenderring & Miller, of Dayton, Washington, also being deputy county treasurer of the county, as Mr. Miller held the position of treasurer. In 1886 Mr. Mays went to Lagrande and acted as salesman for J. Brooks one year in a general merchandise establishment. In 1887 Mr. Mays launched into the mercantile world at Lostine, Wallowa county, in company with Mr. McCully, he being the manager of the business. In 1890 Mr. J.A. Masterson, father-in-law to Mr. Mays, bought the interest of F.D. McCully, and they removed the stock to Elgin, opening a store on the ground where D.B. Henricks dispenses goods to-day. In 1892 the entire building and stock of goods were burned to the ground, and while they rebuilt the store, they rented it to Mr. Hendricks and later sold it to him. In 1891 they started the warehouse business, and in 1897 Mr. Masterson retired from this and Mr. Mays manages it alone. It is a mammoth business, having care of all the freight that goes to Wallowa county, and Mr. Mays has shown himself to be thoroughly capable to oversee this concern, also giving some time to the handling of real estate and lumber in which Mr. Masterson is still associated with him. Mr. Mays also deals in wool, grain, agricultural implements, and so forth. He has an elegant brick residence in the city, and since its incorporation he has been councilman, and at one time was mayor. In addition to his extensive interests, Mr. Mays finds time to devote to the advancement of educational affairs, being deeply interested in this worthy cause. On April 4, 1888, Mr. Mays married Miss Hattie, daughter of J.A. and Almira Masterson, and one child, Chris E., came January 7, 1890, at Lostine, to gladden the happy union. Mrs. Mays was born in Cove on December 20, 1869. Mrs.(Mr.) Mays is affiliated with the B.P.O.E., Lagrande Lodge No. 433, with the Masons, Elgin Lodge No. 98; with the O.E.S. Blue Mountain Chapter No. 52; with the K. of P., Orion Lodge, No. 73; and with the A.O.U.W. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 421, 422 DAVIS A. MILES is one of the younger class of business men that have stepped forward to press to completion the work that has been so well inaugurated by the sturdy pioneers of the county; and we would be open to the charge of incompleteness did we fail to mention this prosperous and well known gentleman, by giving a review of the salient points of his career, which has been largely spent in this county. In 1867 in the Grande Ronde valley near Union, in Union county, the subject of this biographical memoir was born to P.H. and Mary A. (Crimin) Miles. His education was obtained largely in the schools of Union county, graduating from the higher school at Union. When he had reached the age of eighteen years he began mining for himself and continued at that occupation for some time. Later he joined the ranks of the educators, where he was successful and taught in different places, ten months of the time being in Spokane, Washington, also reading law under David Herman of that city. Succeeding this he returned to the industry that was most attractive to him, mining, and prosecuted it with vigor for some years, then was appointed chief deputy in the sheriff's office in 1898, where he is still serving at the present time. His mining industry has taken him to various parts of the rich mining regions adjacent to Union and he now has promising oil properties in Malheur county and placer mining property on Eagle creek. While he has been occupied in the mining matters for some years, he has gained varied and valuable experience that enables him to operate at the present time with more assurance of success in his ventures. The marriage of Mr. Miles and Mrs. Emma Jones, daughter of Mrs. R. Hilts of south Union, was celebrated in 1890, on August 7. Mrs. Hilts crossed the plains in 1863 and was among the very first to remain in this county. Mr. Miles is considered one of the substantial and progressive citizens of the town of Union and is respected and esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 303,304 Benjamin F. Myers How different today appear the rich farms of plenty and the scenes of prosperity in this county, where but a few years since were the wastes of unbroken wildness, peopled by the occasional savage and his attendant companions, the coyote and the timid deer. Men, like the subject of this sketch, stanch, stable and true, came with hearts determined and hands willing to subdue the wild, to repel the savage, and build themselves homes, where now are in evidence the comforts of civilization, wrought out by their faithful endeavors. We are glad to make mention of one who has had a part in this good work and establish his name in the abiding chronicles of Wallowa county. Benjamin F. Myers was born in 1861, in Missouri, to Henry A. and Louisa (Spikes) Myers. The parents were pioneers to Missouri and migrated to the Grande Ronde valley in 1864, settling at Summerville. There the subject of this sketch was reared and educated and wrought with his father until the latter's death. The mother is still living. Benjamin F. continued to operate the home place until about eleven years since, when he purchased a place in Wallowa county, and there wrought for a period of years. He was thrifty, industrious and handled his land in a becoming manner to one skilled in husbandry. After some time spent in this way he removed again to Union county and lived there, engaged in farming until three years since, and then once more he became a citizen of Wallowa county. He was welcomed back, for he had formed friends and his uprightness and stanch principles made him a valuable addition to the county's population. He resides at the present time two and one-half miles northwest from Wallowa, where he owns one-half section of land. He gives his entire attention to general farming and stock raising, in both of which occupations he manifest good wisdom and is attended with a success and prosperity that bespeak his executive ability, his good practical judgment in the affairs of life, and his untiring efforts in his business enterprises. In 1883 Mr. Myers took unto himself a wife, the lady of his choice being Miram L. Hamilton, a native of Ohio, whose parents came to Union county in 1870 and settled at Summerville. To this happy union there have been born four children, as follows: Nora, William, Isa and Harry. Mr. Myers is one of the substantial and highly respectable citizens of the county, ever taking that interest in the affairs of government that becomes the good and intelligent citizen, while hi personal demeanor is calculated to inspire confidence and esteem from all who know him. Mr. Myers is a member of the M. W. A. Camp No. 10370, of Wallowa. History Of Union And Wallowa Counties Oregon Historical Society Library Portland, Oregon R 979.16 Page 564 Submitted by: Tom Childers. JOHN W. MINNICK. - In the person of the subject of this sketch we have one of the leading men of Union county, both in matters of business and of prominence in development and progress of that which is for the interests of all citizens. Forceful, energetic and wide awake, he has made his influence felt not alone in the enterprises of business where he is universally successful, but also in the conventions and newspapers of the county, being recognized as one of the most vigorous and telling local writers of the county, thus casting an influence that is both potent and salutary. Highland county, Ohio, is his birthplace and September 15, 1849, the date that he first saw the light, being the son of Samuel and Phoebe (Hyatte) Minnick, natives respectively of Reckbridge county, Virginia, and Ohio, and early pioneers of the latter state. In 1857 the family came to Jasper county, Iowa, and there the father died, but the mother is still living at the home place. The opportunities for early education were limited and John W. was obliged to make up for the lack by more careful attention and personal research for himself, which has given him a fund of information both practical and comprehensive. At the age of sixteen he engaged as brakeman on the Rock Island Railroad in Iowa, served for five months and then acted as fireman for one year and nine months and then became engineer for four months, enjoyed a wreck and quit railroading. In 1875 he came to Wyoming and worked at carpenter work on a flume, then operated in the sandy smelter in Utah for the winter and returned to Iowa and engaged in coal mining near Oskaloosa. In 1878 he sold his mining interests and came to the west, starting with teams on March 5, and landed in Union county on June 23, and camped on his present place, seven miles east from Union, on the High valley road. He soon had a log cabin erected and filed on a homestead, which has been increased by purchase until he now owns one section. Of this fine estate he farms one hundred acres to wheat and oats and nearly two hundred acres to hay. He owns about fifty hogs and two hundred head of cattle, being grades of the Hereford and shorthorn breeds. Mr. Minnick takes great interest in good cattle, and is doing much to improve the grade. In addition to all the large interests, he operates each year a large thresher and has done so for sixteen years, and is at the present time buying a new outfit. Politically, he is with the Democratic party and with the People's party, having attended the conventions. For nine years he served as road supervisor and did much to improve the roads of the county. Eight years since he resigned this office, finding that it was interfering with his other occupations. His estate has as good improvements as one would fine in the county, being well fenced and in a high state of cultivation, while the implements and necessaries are plentifully provided for the carrying on of the farm in first-class manner. His barns are of the best and his fine, large and well furnished house, bespeak an intelligence and taste that are praiseworthy. Mr. Minnick was married to Miss Mary Davis, in Evanston, Wyoming, in 1876, and they became the parents of the following children: Jessie, now Mrs. Woolever, living north of Union; Macy, wife of Mr. Evans, of Ennis, Montana; William; Mary; and Ivy. William A. is attending the State Agricultural College at Pullman, Washington, and is fitting himself for a mining engineer. He was chosen as orator for the celebration of Washington's birthday by the Washington Club of his college and in his efforts he has shown marked talent and bright promises for the future. Mrs. Minnick was called from her family by the rude hand of death on March 5, 1889. In June, 1891, Mr. Minnick contracted a second marriage, the lady being Mary Vass, from the home place in Iowa. Mr. Minnick is affiliated with the I.O.O.F. , Union Lodge, No. 35, and with the Rebekahs. It is of note that in addition to all the other industries that he has successfully carried on, Mr. Minnick has attained a prominent distinction as an orchardist, raising on his estate all the varieties of fruit except those of a tropical nature. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 441, 442 Copyright 1902 FRANK MITCHELL. - This gentleman is a brother of Mr. Matthew Mitchell, mentioned elsewhere. Born in Missouri in 1839, he was one of the ten children who crossed the plains with the parents and made their home in the lovely Looking Glass valley, Douglas county. Removing with his father in 1863 to The Cove, he assisted him in keeping the ferry, and later, the toll-bridge on the Ruckle road. The young man brought a few head of cattle of his own, and by good management soon had a fine herd. In1869 he drove three hundred animals to Nevada, and in 1878, with his brother, drove a band of five hundred to Cheyenne. In 1879 he made his residence upon his farm at The Cove, Oregon, having a neat cottage and other perquisites. He owns also a hay ranch of three hundred and twenty acres, with a large number of cattle and other stock. In1888 he was married to Miss Malinda Lynch, of Yamhill county. He has an honorable record as member of the Home Guards during the Indian war of 1855-56. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 471 HON. MATTHEW W. MITCHELL. - In at least two distinct lines of enterprise has the subject of this sketch achieved commendable success, and has wrought his way to the present prominent position that he holds by dint of real effort of worth and by manifestation of capabilities that are worthy of note, and by the display of integrity and upright principles. Coming with his father to this state when he was but a child he is practically a product of the state and here he has won the laurels and made the record that is his now to enjoy. On November 13, 1843, the subject of this sketch was born to Frederick and Rebecca (Hill) Mitchell, in Lafayette county, Missouri. His parents were natives of Virginia and came to this state in 1852, using ox teams for the entire journey and settling in Douglas county. His father imported considerable stock when he came to the state and was unfortunate enough to lose nearly all of it the first winter on account of the inclemency of the weather. Following this he took a donation claim in southern Oregon and gave his attention to general farming until the spring of 1863, when he drove stock to the Grande Ronde valley, taking up a homestead here and occupying himself in farming. Returning more particularly to the subject of this sketch, he entered the Roseburg Academy in 1865 and spent two years in the pursuit of knowledge and then took up the duties of the educator in Douglas county, following the same until October, 1870, when he came to the Grande Ronde valley, and there continued in the worthy labors of instruction for three years and assisting his father in his business of farming. In 1878 he bought his present place of three hundred and sixty acres, all good land, besides four hundred and twenty acres on the hills which is used for pasture. His estates are three miles north of Cove and are improved in fine shape and handled in a skillful manner. He gives his attention to general farming, paying considerable attention to fruit culture, having at the present time four acres in orchard, the products of which are sold both in the local markets and shipped to different points. Mr. Mitchell is greatly interested in good stock, and has imported a fine shorthorn bull and also a Holstein and some fine hogs, and he is raising some good specimens and is a leader in this line. The marriage of Mr. Mitchell and Miss Stevens, daughter of early pioneers of the state, was solemnized in 1870, and to them was born one daughter, Lillie F. Mr. Mitchell was a second time married, the lady of his choice on this occasion being Jessie Ritchey. A third time Mr. Mitchell was joined in the bonds of matrimony, the lady that is now his wife being formerly Mrs. Matilda Russel, daughter of James H. St. John, an old pioneer of Kansas. Mr. Mitchell is interested in good government, and is constantly putting forth effort to accomplish these ends. In 1876 he was elected to the state legislature on the Democratic ticket, defeating his opponent, T.T. Geer, the present governor of the state. The efforts of Mr. Mitchell in the halls of legislation, as a private citizen and as a member of the community, have always been capable, faithful and actuated by enterprise and upright principles. He is to-day one of the prominent, respected and well-to-do men of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 359, 360 **************************** MATTHEW W. MITCHELL. - This representative man of Eastern Oregon was born in Missouri in 1843, and with his parents crossed the plains to the Pacific Northwest in 1852. The first winter was passed by the family at Portland; and the year following a Donation claim was selected and a home made at Looking Glass, in Douglas county. Our subject was there raised, and at Roseburg received his education. In 1866 he was so far equipped as to begin school-teaching, and for some years followed that as a profession. In 1870 he was united in marriage with Miss Josephine Stevens, of Looking Glass, and the same year removed to the Grande Ronde. He there engaged in stock-raising and farming. He became prominent in the political circles of that region, being elected in 1876 as representative from Union county to the Oregon legislature. His first wife having died in 1871, he was married secondly in 1882 to Miss Jessie Ritchie, of Multnomah county, who is also deceased. Mr. Mitchell is still engaged in farming at The Cove, Oregon, owning two hundred acres of excellent land, and also devotes much attention to the rearing of graded stock. He is a man of recognized worth, and of wide influence. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 473 HYRUM M. MONSON. - Although the subject of this sketch has not been in Union county so long as some of the earliest pioneers, he being one of the younger men, upon whom have falen the mantles of the sturdy ones who opened these regions for the abode of their fellows, yet his achievements have been of such a commendable nature, and his life of such an exemlary character, that he is entitled to representation in the history of the county, and it is with pleasure that we accord to him a place among the builders of the county, in its more recent development. Hyrum M. was born to Christian H. and Ella Monson, on November 19, 1873, in Richmond, Cache county, Utah, and there he worked with his father in the lumbering business until he had attained the age of twenty one, gaining meanwhile a good education from the common schools, after which he attended the Brigham Young College at Logan, Utah. Subsequent to that valuable course, he took up the creamery business and perfected himself in the art of making cheese and butter. In 1897 he went to Preston, Idaho, continuing in the creamery business there. In June, 1900, he came to Lagrande, being engaged in the sugar factory there, and in May, 1901, he came to Summerville, taking charge of the creamery association's excellent plant at that place. In this place we find him at the present time, handling this important business with display of faithfulness and ability. Mr. Monson married Miss Celia, daughter of Christopher and Anna (Kofoed) Funk, of Utah, on January 2, 1895, and this union has been blessed by the advent of three children: Edna L., H. Kenneth, and Bertha L. Mr. Monson and his estimable wife are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and they are faithful supporters of their faith. At the present time Mr. Monson is secretary of the Northwestern States Mission of his church and is also a member of the High Council of the Union Stake of Zion, his ability and faithfulness being recognized by the important ecclesiastical positions that he holds and wherein he is dominated with great wisdom and zeal. Mrs. Monson was one of the first superintendents of the Sunday school in Lagrande, while Mr. Monson has also done much practical field work in the cause having been missionary and traveling elder in Montana, where also he presided over the Butte conference with discretion and sagacity for five months. Mr. Monson is a man, although still young in years, who has manifested not only commendable business ability, but also great zeal and capacity for work in his church, and he is recognized as one of the substantial citizens of our county and a leader in the church circles. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 412 Edward Benton Morelock EDWARD BENTON MORELOCK is one of the useful men of eastern Oregon, having maintained his residence for some years past at Elgin. His inherent characteristics, as well as his iron constitution, have qualified him to act as the guardian of peace between the lawless element, always present in a new community, and that other body of industrious, law-abiding citizens who become the real foundation and builders of well ordered civic society. His fame for many years, as a terror to evildoers, has been well established throughout Oregon. Having served in the official capacity of town marshal for a term of years at Summerville and at Elgin, sufficed to convince people of evil intent that any locality in which Mr. Morelock lived was a dangerous and unhealthy place in which to ply the arts of their trade. He was born in Sullivan county, Missouri, May 25, 1845, a son of Enoch B. and Susan (Limebaugh) Morelock, both of whom were natives of Tennessee. They were married in their native state and shortly afterward, in 1843, they removed to Sullivan county, Missouri, where Mr. Morelock established his home. Shortly after taking up their residence in that state, he was elected as the first sheriff of Sullivan county. He was a man of fearless courage in whose hands the safety of property and life throughout the county, could be entrusted with every assurance of diligent and efficient protection. He was killed while in discharge of his duties as sheriff, at a time when he was conducting the sale of some property given into his hands by the court, for that purpose. The owner of the property, being outraged over the due process of law, sought revenge by taking the life of Mr. Morelock, whose only offense was that he was one of the officers appointed by the court to conduct the sale. Mrs. Morelock, some years later, was again married, the name of her second husband being Mr. Stewart. To Mr. and Mrs. Morelock, five children were born, of which the subject of this review was the youngest. Edward B. Morelock remained at the home of his parents, receiving his early education in the common schools of the district in which he lived. He remained at home during all the early years of his life, caring for the interest of his mother and the remaining members of the family and was so engaged at the time of the opening of the Civil War. In 1863, he enlisted in Company K, Thirty-ninth, Missouri Regiment, Volunteer Infantry, and followed this command for a period of one year, at the expiration of which time, he received his honorable discharge and immediately thereafter reenlisted in Company K, of the Forty-second Volunteer Infantry, remaining with this regiment until peace was established between the north and the south. His history as a soldier is one of unusual interest, because of the constant active service of his command at the front, during the most destructive period of that conflict. He was engaged in nineteen pitched battles, one being the battle of Franklin, in which he had seven cousins shot down, on both sides of the fighting line. He followed the fortunes of his regiment in camp and march and field, through days of rest and battle strife, until the 27th of March, 1865. On that day, he received his honorable discharge at Nashville, Tennessee, and was mustered out of service. Upon his return form the war, he at once prepared to change his residence and for that purpose sought his home on the far Pacific coast. He crossed the plains with an ox team to Oregon in 1865, starting on that journey May 15 of that year, and reaching his destination on October 9, making his first location in the Grande Ronde valley, where he purchased three hundred and twenty acres of school land, and upon it built a log cabin for his home. In his removal to a new country for the purpose of bettering his conditions, he was not unmindful of his mother and she was a member of one of the little emigrant parties who formed the company that traveled across the plains with him and during the remainder of her life, she found a welcome home at his fireside. Here, on this original location, Mr. Morelock remained for a period of seventeen years. During that time, he continued to develop and improve his land and engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1882, he removed to Summerville in this county, where he engaged in an independent business, with which he was connected for eleven years. During his residence in this place, he was elected to the office of town marshal. Such was the condition community life at that time in Summerville that a man of Mr. Morelock's physique, experience, and courage, was required to establish recognition and supremacy of civil law in the common conduct and order of business and social affairs in a self-respecting community. At the time of his election, that part of Oregon was infested to a disturbing degree with irresponsible, lawless characters, who in pursuit of sensation and crime, were accustomed to ride into the villages and settlements and created havoc by their methods of "shooting up the town" and terrorizing the people. Mr. Morelock took charge of the situation in the interests of the people and common decency and in a short time, succeeded in breaking up these traveling bands and resident irresponsible marauders. Having established a condition of peace and safety for the people, he found it to his advantage to again change his residence, and removed to Elgin in this county, where he remained for a period of fourteen years. On reaching Elgin he found that his reputation as town marshal had preceded him, and the conditions of society being practically the same in Elgin, he was called by the people to the office of town marshal of that place, and by pursing the same fearless methods he soon accomplished for the people of Elgin a result as thorough and satisfactory as he had brought about in Summerville. After maintaining his residence for fourteen years continuously in this town, he, in 1907, removed to Portland, where he was engaged in business for the following four years, and returning to Elgin in 1911 he became one of its permanent citizens. Here he has continued to live and he has been engaged in the occupation of an auctioneer. This, together with the necessary attention required to be given to his various business interests, has commanded his entire time and attention. Mr. Morelock has a reputation as an auctioneer as far-reaching as that of his ability and fearless methods in handing renegades and criminals. Edward B. Morelock was married to Miss Rebecca J. Harris, a native of Sullivan county, Missouri, on July 17, 1864. She is a daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann (Sturgill) Harris, both natives of North Carolina. Mrs. Harris died in 1899 and Mr. Harris Jun 4, 1812, at the age on ninety-one years, having crossed the plains with Mr. Morelock in 1865, settling in Union county, Oregon, where he passed the remainder of his days. The marriage of our subject occurred shortly after he had attained his nineteenth birthday, Mrs. Morelock being at the time sixteen years of age. To this union thirteen children have been born, eleven of whom are still living, and to this family circle have been added twenty-four grandchildren in direct line of descent. The surviving children of Mr. and Mrs. Morelock are: Martha C., wife of William Russell of Elgin; William M., with the Elgin Forwarding Company; Mary S., wife of Elliott Smith of Elgin; James K. P., mayor of Wallowa, Oregon; John W., on the Portland police force; Tilden H., with the Joseph Forwarding Company, of Joseph, Oregon; Albert Lee, chief of the fire department of Elgin, Oregon; Cora May, wife of William Childers, of Portland, Oregon; Emma C., wife of William Christensen, of Portland, Oregon; Roy L., member of the fire department, of Boise City, Idaho; and Leonard Ray, at home. Mr. Morelock is affiliated with the democratic party, and is one of its progressive liberal adherents. Three of his six sons, however, cast their vote with the republican party. He is a member of the A.F. & A.M. lodge of Summerville. Edward B. Morelock is one of the men whose names will long be remembered in the history of eastern Oregon. He has lived a life of great usefulness and must always be counted one of the important factors in the enforcement of law and order, in this portion of the state. He has given liberally of his services to the public for this purpose, and at the same time provided a competence for his declining years. He bears an honored name wherever known and is always to be relied upon to give his support to the advancement of all measures looking to the improvement and continued peace among the people of his state and county. Centennial History Of Oregon Vol III Gaston R 979.1 G 256c Page 761 Submitted by: Tom Childers. ************************ EDWARD B. MORELOCK. - As one of the oldest pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley, and a wel-known citizen, the subject of this article appears ti-day, having discharged the duties incumbent upon him in both public and private life during the long years that have intervened since he has domiciled here, in a manner that betokens the excellent capabilities of which he is possessed as well as with manifestation of those stanch qualities that are a concomittant part of the upright man and loyal citizen. From the state whence come so many of our best citizens, came also the subject of this sketch and in Sullivan county, Missouri, he ws born on May 25, 1845, being the son of Enoch B. and Susan A. (Limbaugh) Morelock, natives of Tennessee, but pioneers to the above place in 1841, and there the father served as the first sheriff of the county, being called from life while in the discharge of his duties, in the year 1846. In 1885, in the home of our subject came the summons that called hence the mother and her remains are buried in the Summerville cemetery. In May, 1862, when the call came for men, true and brave, to stand and face the cannon in the defence of their country, Edward B. enlisted in the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, and on July 27,1864, he reinlisted in Company K. Forty-Second Missouri Infantry, being honorably discharged on March 22, 1865. His first service was under General Lyons in the Cumberland army and the second term of service was under Sherman, in all of which relations he ever manifested both courage and faithfulness, leaving a record of which he and his family may well be proud. In May, 1865, with his brother, mother, and his wife's parents, our subject left the scens of youth and the home place and took up the dangerous pilgrimage across the plains to find a home in the western lands. They journeyed in Joe Knoght's train and aside from several serious stampedes, no trouble occrred. he chose a place near Summerville, buing two hundred and forty acres from the state, and settled down to farming and stock raising. His efforts were crowned with success and until 1885 he could be found steadily engaged in the work there and then he sold out and embarked in the stage business from Union to Walla Walla. Later he took up the implement business in Summerville, remaining until 1893, then removed to Elgin, where he opened a real estate and collection office. In 1898, the people called him to the chair of the justice of the peace and since that time he has with efficiency and manifestation of impartiality and uprightness discharged the duties of that office. For tenyears while in Summerville he was marshal. Mr. Morelock has considerable property in Elgin, consisting of houses and lots and has a comfortable home there also. At the time of the Indian outbreak in the sevneties, Mr. Morelock was lieutenant of a company of volunteers. He has ever manifested a commendable spirit of interest in public affairs and is one of the oldest and most influential citizens of the county. On July 17, 1864, Mr. Morelock married Miss Rebecca J., daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann Harris, the wedding occurring in Sullivan county, Missouri, and to them have been born the following children: Martha C., William M., Mary, Margaret, deceased, James P., John W., Tilden H., A. Lee, Cora, Emma B., Roy, Ralph, deceased, Leonard R. Mr. Morelock is a member of the Masons, Hiram Lodge, no. 76, of Summerville, and he enjoys a very enviable standing in this, as he does generally throughout the community. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 463,464 Copyright 1902 *************************************************** EDWARD B. MORELOCK. - Mr. Morelock was born in Missouri in 1845. While but a child of two years he suffered the loss of his father, who, as sheriff of Sullivan county, was killed by the owner of property that he was selling under execution. Upon the outbreak of the Rebellion, Edward, a youth of sixteen, joined the Missouri state militia, and in 1863 and enlisted in the Forty-second Missouri Volunteer Infantry, wherein he served until the end of the war. In 1865 he crossed the plains to Oregon, locating near Summerville in Union county, where he took a claim and farmed and raised stock until 1881. In that year he sold his realty and located in the town of Summerville, engaging in the agricultural implement business, in which he still continues. He has been city marshal ever since the incorporation of the place in 1885. He has also acted as deputy sheriff, and has served in similar capacities in connection with his regular business. During the Nez Perce trouble of 1877 he was a member of Captain William Booth's company of Grande Ronde volunteers. He was also a lieutenant in Captain Morant's company of volunteers during the Bannack war of 1878. He was married in Missouri in 1864 to Miss Rebecca, daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann Harris, of a noted family in that state. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 478 HON. JACKSON L. MORROW.- It is not so uncommon a thing in this land of a great future for a man to lay out a town or build a city; but there is, we believe, but one man in the state who may be called the maker of a county, and whose name is perpetuated in its designation: that man is Jackson L. Morrow, of Heppner, Oregon, whose sketch is here presented. This honor was worthily bestowed upon him at the instance and almost insistence of his neighbors, in recognition of his privations and labors in settling up the region, in building Heppner, and in securing the division of Morrow county from Umatilla. A region which was once regarded as inaccessible and desolate has now become, by the efforts of a driving body of men, beginning with Mr. Morrow and Mr. Heppner, a thriving and prosperous portion of Oregon. The population of the county is now six thousand, and of Heppner itself about one thousand, with a good outlook in the near future for five thousand. A branch line of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company brings the city within easy reach of all the markets, and taps a great grain and grazing belt. The first settler upon the townsite of the city was G.W. Standsbury. Morrow and Heppner came next; and together they set in operation the works which have made the place. A subsidy of twenty-five thousand dollars was paid to the railroad company to extend their line and make the city their terminus, as it will be for many years. This shows something of the enterprise of the place. Mr. Morrow was born in Kentucky in 1827. His father was a trader, and in pursuit of his calling moved with his family to Illinois in 1837, and after three years to Iowa. There he was educated at Mount Pleasant. Thirteen years subsequently the young man came to Oregon, soon finding a home on the Sound at Olympia. Afterwards, in Mason county, he engaged in merchandising, lumbering, mail-contracting, ranching, etc., and induced his parents to come from the East and make their home upon this coast. The father afterwards moved to Washington Territory. He was a man of more than average ability, and showed his capacity for public affairs by taking an active part in politics, and occupying a seat in the territorial legislature. The son, the subject of this sketch, was also interested in matters political, and was auditor of Mason county, to which office he was elected on the Democratic ticket. During the Indian war of 1855-56, Mr. Morrow did essential service in collecting the Indians who were disposed to be peaceable at the head of North Bay. It was the policy of the government to feed and protect all the Indians that were willing to surrender their arms, to parties appointed to receive them, and be friendly with the Whites. Owing to this order during the fall of 1855, Mr. Morrow went with Colonel Simmons to Fort Nisqually, and with the influence and assistance of Doctor Tomie got the consent of the Indians to be moved to the head of North Bay, where they could be more easily protected from the Whites, and where they would also be away from the influence of the hostiles then in the field. Morrow and Simmons succeeded in gathering up some two or three hundred and locating them at that point, and kept them for at least four months. Morrow then received orders from Colonel Simmons and Governor Stevens to move them onto Square Island, the place already selected for the reservation. At that point they collected at least two hundred more Indians, making five or six hundred in all. His duties were somewhat disagreeable, as he must give passes and assign daily rations; and, feeling this work monotonous, he resigned and went into the volunteer service, serving in that capacity until the end of the trouble. Many of his experiences led him into peril; and he performed a number of memorable exploits in the field. In 1864 Mr. Morrow turned his face away from salt water, going to the heart of the Blue Mountains, and engaging at La Grande in general merchandising. He was elected at that place a member of the common council, and was chosen president of that body, - ex officio mayor. Mr. Morrow was also county treasurer of Union county for four years. After eight years in that delightful valley, he located in that portion of Umatilla county which now is constituted Morrow county, building the first house and opening a stock of goods, with a determination to make a city. In this he has been remarkably successful, the city of Heppner (named by himself for his partner) having a phenomenally rapid growth. He was elected to the Oregon legislature while yet in Umatilla, and in the two houses of that body pushed through the bill to erect the county of Morrow, - named thus at the desire of his constituents. He still conducts his business with marked ability, and enjoys the personal esteem of a large and influential community. He is one of Oregon's prominent, representative men, whose life-work is incorporated distinctively in her structure. His city is his pride; and he looks confidently to its large increase in a short space of time. In the Indian war of 1856 he bore his part, being appointed assistant agent on the Squak Reservation, and doing active duty as scout under Captain Smith. He married in Iowa Miss Nancy McEwan, and brought his wife to this new home in the West. Of their eight children but one, now an active man of thirty, is living. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 482, 483 JOHN A. MURCHISON. - The subject of this sketch is one of the younger men of Union county , having the distinction of being a native son of this section, and to his credit it may be said that he has so demeaned himself that his life reflects credit upon his native county and her institutions. Mr. Murchison is a man of energy, ability, and sagacity, which have given him a good success in his chosen line of occupation-farming- and he is numbered with the enterprising and successful agriculturists and stockmen of the county. John A. was born in Union county, on the old farm that joins the town of Summervile, where he now lives, the date of this event being June 5, 1871, and his parents were Murdo and Marion (Matheson) Murchison. His parents were born in Canada, the father on January 6, 1818 and the mother on October 12, 1824, the former coming to Stark county, Illinois, in 1853, and the mother i 1849. In April, 1863, they were married, and immediately started across the plains, in the large train, known as the Scotch train, composed of two hundred and fifty wagons, the trip being completed without serious accident of any kind. They settled on the present home place in the suburbs of Summerville, where the father devoted himself to farming and raising stock, and has constantly given himself to those industries sinces that time. During all the years of hardship incident to pioneer life, they toiled faithfully on, and also were exposed to the ravages of the red men, whose hostile attitude brought much suffering and loss upon the residents of this valley. Many times they were forced to pay as high as ten dollars for a sack of flour, and other things needed cost in proportion. Three children were born to them: Belle, wife of John McRae, of Summerville; Bertie A., wife of Thomas A. Rinehart, of Summerville; John A., the subject of this sketch. Mrs. Murchison died on January 22, 1901, after a good life of faithful achievements, beloved and esteemed by all. Our subject was raised on the farm, receiving a good education from the public schools, and he has remained with his father nearly all of the time. On March 16, 1898, Mr. Murchison married Miss Katie F. Bunnell, daughter of Samuel Bunnell, late of Wallowa, and to them two children have been born; Marold M. and Marion O. Mr. Murchison owns two hundred acres of land in the vicinity of Summerville, valuable both for its timber and its agricultural purposes. Our subject is a member of the A.F.&A.M., Lodge No. 67, and the Eastern Star, No. 62, of Summerville. The father nad mother of our subject were faithful members of the Presbyterian church and stanch supporters of the Christian faith. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 413, 414 JOHN W. MURPHY. To the active, enterprising and intelligent citizen, esteemed pioneer, and stanch representative of our free institutions, whose name initiates this paragraph, we accord a space in these abiding chronicles of Union county, with pleasure, because he has been a prominent figure in the development of the county's interests and the advancement of its welfare, since the very first days of its settlement and ahs always stood for the cause of substantial improvement and the exemplification of sound principles in both personal endeavor and in the manipulation of public affairs. Mr. Murphy was born in Franklin, Ohio, on December 9, 1831, being the son of Isaac and Rhoda (Stone) Murphy, farmers, who moved to Illinois in 1849, and there dwelt until the time of their demise. The grandfather of our subject, on his mother's side, Mr. Stone, was a soldier in the Revolutionary struggle and also in the war of 1812. Our subject never had the opportunity to attend the schools in his youth but has instead pursued the muse of knowledge with such successful advances in his own private endeavors that he has gained a good education besides a rich store of general information that well repays the efforts to gain. Early he learned the millwright trade in Jefferson county, Iowa, and in 1852, in company with his employer went to California, using horse teams. First they visited Hangtown, whence they went to Carson Valley, Nevada, and there built the first sawmill in the valley. After this he engaged in mining in gold canyon, where Virginia City is now located, and for three years he made rapid financial strides by selecting out the gold from the soil and dumping the silver with the tailings, not then knowing what it was. The diggins were rich and the three years were well spent. After his venture, he made up a pack train and started for Oregon, landing in Lagrande. Almost his entire party had the small pox, twenty-six of them, and at this time they buried the first child that sleeps in the Lagrande cemetery. He went to Auburn from here and took up mining, which he followed for two years. Then he came back to Lagrande in 1865 and engaged in the carpenter trade. It was in 1871 that he purchased land from the state, two miles northeast from Cove, two hundred acres, and commenced improving the same. He at once turned his attention to raising fruit and he has now about twenty acres planted to the various kinds, which occupies his entire attention. He handles mostly cherries, strawberries, and winter apples. In addition he raises sufficient hay for the stock which is pastured on the balance of the land, having also one hundred acres of woodland. Mr. Murphy is one of the most progressive and up-to-date orchardists of the county, and has had excellent success in his work, producing an abundance of fine fruit. In 1867, he was married to Miss Julia Isabel, daughter of Frederick and Elizabeth Duncan, pioneers of 1864, to Union county. They have become the parents of two children, one, William W. Murphy, married to Florence Comstock, a member of one of the pioneer families of the county. They have one child, Inez. Mr. Murphy is one of the prominent men of the county, but he has never paid much attention to politics, except to always vote for the men whom he believes to be of sound principles and capable to attend to the affairs of government. His constituency have for a number of years kept him in the office of school director and he has done much for the advancement of the cause of education. Among his neighbors and with his fellows, Mr. Murphy is highly respected and he is esteemed by all, having ever manifested integrity and faithfulness. It is fitting in this connection to mention something of Mr. Murphy's struggles with the Indians. He fought them in many battles and in skirmishes too numerous to mention, both in Nevada and in California. On one occasion, he was pierced by the bullet from an Indian rifle and lay eight hours in the burning sun of a California hot day. But he survived and the red skins learned to respect him. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 370, 371 H.A. MYERS. - Mr. Myers, for twenty-five years one of the "pillars of the community" in the beautiful north end of the Grande Ronde, was born in Kentucky in 1820, and nine years later removed with his parents to Missouri, where he grew to manhood and received what education might be obtained at the common schools of that state. In 1864 he made the journey across the plains immediately to the Grande Ronde, Oregon, and located a claim three miles west of Summerville. For six years he was engaged in farming and stock-raising, and afterwards for six years lived in the village to enjoy the advantages of education and society. Purchasing, however, a farm a short distance below town, he again engaged in agriculture, and two years later returned to Summerville, establishing a livery stable. He still pursues that occupation, although retaining his ranches, which aggregate six hundred and fifty acres of excellent land. His wife, Louisa Speaks, to whom he was married in1845, is no less prominent than himself in a public way. Their home has been blessed with three girls, Catherine, Sarah and Jeannette, and two boys, James and Franklin, all of whom have ranches of their own in that neighborhood. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 488 SAMUEL F. NEWHARD. - This venerable and esteemed citizen of Union county and resident of Lagrande is one of the worthy pioneers that hewed a way into the regions of the west and left a trail where others might follow to reap the good and that had been tapped by these hardy and intrepid predecessors. From the first days when he pressed the sod in this county until the present he has been in the vanguard of progress and his efforts have brought many dollars of wealth to the county, and his wise counsels have aided materially in shaping the way for the welfare of all, being the promoter and discoverer of the famous hot lake, where thousands have been cured and relieved from the ills of the flesh. In Pennsylvania, in the year 1830, the subject of this sketch was born, and seven years later he came with his parents to Ohio, where they remained until the time of their departure from earth's trials. When Samuel F. had reached the age of his majority, he inaugurated independent action for himself in the arena of life's struggles, and it was as early as 1852 that he turned from the home scenes of the Buckeye state and sought the west for the fortune that he believed awaited him here, and to take his part in opening up for the tread of the white man the pathless wastes of the comparatively unknown Pacific slope. He traveled down the Ohio by boat to St. Louis, thence on steamboat to the Missouri, and up that to Kansas City, where he outfitted, and the entire journey from there was made by means of the ox team, so popular at that time, coming from Kansas City to American valley in California. The first winter he spent in Marysville, and in the spring he hastened to the mines and there operated in the search for gold until 1857, and then he opened a wood yeard and a ranch in Colusa county, busying himself in these occupations until 1864. While in the mining regions, he and three others were the first white men to go into Butte creek valey, and there they built the first cabin and discovered gold; this was in 1853. In 1864 he took a pack horse and migrated to what is now Union county, and here he found the place that he owns at the present time, and which is known over the entire Pacific northwest. It is the famous hot lake of northeastern Oregon. It is situated a short distance southeast from Lagrande, and is today one of the most popular and efficacious healing waters of the entire county. Mr. Newhard discovered the healing properties of the waters when he first came to the county, and in company with Mr. Clark built improvements there, and since 1865 it has been in shape to give baths to all that would apply, and the many thousands that have been healed and benefitted in these salubrious waters are scattered over the entire county. In 1878, Mr. Clark passed from earth's activities to the realities of another world, and Mr. Newhard bought the deceased's interests, and is now sole owner and proprietor of the beautiful lake. Two years since, Mr. Newhard leased the property to skillful physicians, and he retired from the burdens of its care, and is now dwelling in Lagrande where he is spending the golden years of his active career in the quiet and comfort that he has justly earned. For fifteen years, Mr. Newhard held the postoffice at Hot Lake. In 1882 Mr. Newhard married Mrs. Anna Lyman, nee Hough, who, by her former husband, had the following children: Albert, attending college; Elnora; William, deceased; Andrew V., deceased; John Leonard, deceased. In 1883 Mr. Newhard volunteered to fight the Indians in the Feather river country; they were the Cachte tribe, and under the leadership of an old scout, Pete Larsen, the whites drove them out. Mr. Newhard also took part in quelling the uprising here in 1878 but was not favored in any field work, as the savages subsided. He is interested in California, having property there. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 382, 383 ***************************************** S.F. NEWHARD. - At the southern end of the beautiful Grande Ronde valley, on the line of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, and at the foot of a high, bald hill, is situated Hot Lake, - or White Sulphur Lake. This is a circular body of water of about two and a half acres, with an average depth of three feet, and is fed by two boiling springs, which appear near together at the southern edge where the water is deepest. These springs are in shape of a basin twenty feet across and ten feet deep; and the water coming up perfectly clear form the bottom is the best agent that has been found for allaying pain and curing all the ills that the human family is heir to. In one of these springs the temperature reaches an average of from one hundred and seventy-five to one hundred and eighty degrees. Chemical analyses show it to contain free sulphureted hydrogen gas, carbonate and sulphate of calcium, sulphate of soda, sulphate of potash, alumina and silica, together with organic matter. This lake is declared by knowing ones to equal the famed hot springs of Arkansas, and has already effected relief or cures in many classes of disease. Samuel F. Newhard was born in Pennsylvania in 1830. His parents emigrated to Ohio in 1837, where he received a common-school education and worked on his father's farm until 1852, when he crossed the plains to California, and in that sunny state engaged in mining and farming for twelve years. The superior attractions of Union county, however, drew him to its scenes, where he located the land upon which is situated the lake above-described, and is still proprietor of this remarkable water. He has erected a small invalids' hotel, with faculties for bathing and hygienic appurtenances. Mr. Newhard is also engaged in stock-raising, and maintains a vineyard and fruit farm in California. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 493, 494 JACOB NEWMAN. - In the person of the subject of this sketch we have one of the heaviest real estate holders and most progressive agriculturists of the county, and one that has well earned the name of pioneer, having wrought here for forty years. In all this extended time he has displayed stanch, manly characteristics, while his sagacity and untiring labors for the good of all and especially for the advancement of the principles of Christianity in the upbuilding and nourishing of the early church are well known to our citizens. Mr. Newman is the son of George and Barbara (Hammond) Newman, and was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in 1826, whence his parents removed to Ohio for about twelve years, and thence to Indiana for twelve years, and thence to Iowa and there passed the remaining days of their service on earth and went hence to their rewards. Our subject came from Iowa to this section in 1862. He soon homesteaded a quarter-section twenty-five miles from Baker City on the Powder river, and for seven years he gave his attention to cultivating the soil and raising stock. Then he sold out and removed to the Grande Ronde valley, settling one mile east from Old Town on a quarter-section of land. He followed general farming and raising stock steadily, handling his business with care and thrift and the result was that prosperity in unbounded measure attended him, and he was enabled to add to his realty holdings by purchase until he is the proprietor of a generous estate of two thousand acres in the vicinity of his home place and one hundred and sixty acres five miles east from Lagrande. He is one of the progressive and leading men of the county. In 1850 Mr. Newman married Miss Ellen Lemon, a native of Indiana, and they became the parents of the following children: George, Samuel, Clark: and Mary, Abraham, Martha, deceased; and Jacob. In 1890 Mrs. Newman was called to lay down the burdens and cares of her faithful life and go to the rewards awaiting in the world beyond. Her remains lie buried in North Powder and her demise was a time of deep mourning to all who knew her. In 1891 Mr. Newman took to wife Lida Brisban, who also died in 1894. In 1898 the third marriage of Mr. Newman was solemnized, the lady of his choice at this time being Mrs. Julia Ann (Ide) Merritt, a native of New York and daughter of Jesse and Roxana (Nye) Ide, natives respectively of New York and Vermont. Mr. Newman relates the following anecdote of himself: One day, during the Indian trouble, as he was driving across the country he beheld a body of Indians rapidly approaching, and fearing captivity and doubtless terrible torture he lashed his horses to their utmost speed to make the settlement as the band were endeavoring to cut off his retreat. He soon outran the pursuers and had the settlement aroused to meet the attack, when the band proved to be soldiers with some Indian captives. The sly smile that is frequently indulged in to this day is a quiet reminder of Mr. Newman's Indian chase. For the last ten years Mr. Newman has been retired from the active management of the large estates of which he is a possessor. In church relations he is a non-resident member of the Free church of Tacoma, Washington. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 336, 337 HON. JOHN W. NORVAL. - Mr. Norval, at present state senator from Union and Wallowa counties, was born in Knox county, Illinois, June 5, 1840, and is the son of James and Mahala Applewhite Norval. He resided upon a farm at his native place until the age of twenty, having while a mere boy suffered the loss of his father, and being a member of a family of four brothers and one sister. In April, 1860, he came west to Alexandria, Missouri, where he joined an emigrant train and came across the plains to California, arriving at Stockton November 6, 1860. He first found employment in teaching school until August, 1861, after which he came to the Northern mines in British Columbia, and for five years followed mining in Idaho, Washington and British Columbia, meeting with varying success. In the fall of 1866, he located a farm near Summerville, Oregon, and resided there for two years. In 1868 he located upon his present place, three and a half miles east of Summerville, where he has five hundred and sixty acres of choice land in Wallowa county. During the Bannack war he enlisted in a volunteer company, and was elected captain. In 1878 he was appointed, by Governor Thayer, major of the Third Brigade of the Oregon militia. Mr. Norval was candidate three times for the state legislature, but, from the fact that Union county was persistently Democratic, he was defeated until June, 1888, when he was elected to the state senate for Union and Wallowa counties, a position that he has ably filled. Mr. Norval was married in Union county in 1867 to Miss Catherine J., eldest daughter of Honorable Terry Tuttle, who is a native of Iowa. They have two sons and one daughter. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 497 JOHN H. O'BRYANT. - We esteem it a privilege to be permitted to chronicle for the history of our county a brief review of the substantial and prominent citizen, whose name is at the head of this article, and who has wrought in the pioneer's life so well and faithfully for the opening of this and adjacent counties and for their development and advancement for over one-third of a century, while his life of constant adherence to right and the principles of truth and uprightness, together with manifestation of sagacity and sound judgment, has placed him in a most enviable position of esteem and prominence throughout the entire county. John H. O'Bryant was born to Elias and Sarah O'Bryant on July 10, 1830, in Blount county, East Tennessee, and at the age of seven years he was brought by his pare3nts to the city of Springfield, Missouri, where they settled on a claim. At the age of fourteen our subject was called to mourn the loss of his father and from that time until he was twenty-(?) years of age he was constant in labor on the farm for his mother and the other members of the family. When he had arrived at the age of twenty-four, others had matured to be able to shoulder some of the responsibilities of life, and John H. followed the desire that the reports from the Pacific slope had kindled in his breast, that of coming hither to seek his fortune and build a place for himself. Accordingly he embarked with an expedition that was bringing cattle to the coast; It consisted of eighteen men, four wagons drawn by oxen, thirty-five horses and mules, and six hundred and seventy-six head of cattle. For four months and one day they steadily pursued their way toward the setting sun, and they arrived in Beckwith valley, in California. Mr. O'Bryant went from there to mariposa county and commenced to mine, continuing at that enterprise until the spring of 1857, then went to Sonoma county and there worked in the redwood forests for a period and then in 1860 came to Salem in this state and later went to Polk county. In this latter place he remained until the fall of 1862, and then came to Auburn, in Baker county, and embarked as freighter from The Dalles to Auburn, and in 1863 he went to Idaho basin with freight. In the fall of this year he came to Baker county, settling eight miles below Baker City and remaining there until 1866. In that year he came to his present place, which is five miles west from North Powder and entered a homestead on the ground where he is living at the present time. To the original holding he has added by purchase until he has a good farm of two hundred and fifty acres. During all the years from 1866 until the present time, he has labored faithfully, and wisely at the home place, and the result is that he has a fine estate, well improved, large barn, good dwelling, orchard, and many other conveniences and necessaries that make the rural life both pleasant and profitable. While Mr. O'Bryant has devoted most of his time to the culture of the soil, he has some stock and gives some attention to rearing animals. The marriage of Mr. O'Bryant and Mrs. Elizabeth J. hand was solemnized at Baker City, on June 12, 1884. They are both devoted and prominent members of the Baptist church, and their lives are daily exemplifications of the teachings of the faith that they espouse. Mr. O'Bryant's mother died in 1867, near Springfield, Missouri. Mr. O'Bryant has seen much of the life of the frontiersman and endured the hardships that beset that path, taking his full share in both danger and grief and endurance of trying ordeals, but at the present time he is enjoying the fruit of his toil and the esteem and love of his neighbors, and all that are acquainted with him, while he and his wife are faithful in showing to a world the light of Christianity and the Redeemer of mankind, whom they delight to honor and love to follow. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 288, 289 Copyright 1902 ALBERT OHMS. - The well-kept and carefully tilled farm of the subject of this sketch, with its excellent improvements of fine house, commodious barn, substantial outbuildings, and other evidences of thrift, taste, and industry, all handled with a discerning sagacity and practical judgment, testify eloquently of the substantiality and skill of our subject and give abundant proof that he is one of the most prudent and skillful and successful agriculturists of our county, and it is with pleasure that we grant him a representation among the leading citizens of Union county. On June 14, 1849, in Germany, Albert Ohms was born to William and Wilhelmina, natives also of Germany, but immigrants to America in 1852, settling first in Ontario, Canada, where they engaged in farming until 1868. In that year they came across the line and settled in Winneshick county, Iowa, and there engaged in farming until the death of the father, which sad event occurred on December 19, 1880. Our subject was educated in the schools of the various sections where he lived, and assisted his father on the farm, during the last years of the latter's life, taking charge mostly of the estate. After the father's death, our subject carried on the farm until 1882, in July of which year he sold the entire property and in company with his own family and his mother and the other members of the parental family, he journeyed to Union county, where his brother had preceded him by one year. He purchased his present handsome and valuable estate of three hundred acres, one mile northwest from Elgin, and adjoining his brother's farm. In addition to general farming, Mr. Ohms devotes much attention to raising stock, and he is one of the most successful agriculturists and stockmen of the entire valley, owing to his industry and careful attention to the details of business as well as to the general supervision of the same. In addition to the above mentioned labors, Mr. Ohms has spent about six years in operating a saw mill, and he is one of the expert threshers of the county of Union, having operated a machine since he was twenty years of age and now owns a first-class steam outfit. On August 3, 1873, in Winneshiek county, Iowa, Mr. Ohms married Miss Maggie, daughter of Valentine and Julia Barth, natives of Germany, and to this happy union there have been born the following children: Hulda, Rudolph, Laura, Edwin, Alvin, Walter, and Charlie. Mrs. Ohms was born in Winneshiek county, Iowa, on February 6, 1856. Her parents had come from Germany to that section in 1855, and they were farmers of the county until the time of their death. In church relations, our subject and his wife and their parents were all members of the Evangelical church, but there is no organization of their faith in their locality. Our subject's mother died at his home in this county on December 19, 1901, and her remains are buried in the Elgin cemetery. William, a brother of our subject, and who had made his home with Mr. A. Ohms, also was called hence on February 22, 1895, being buried in Long cemetery near Elgin. Mr. Ohms is a member of the K. of P., Orion Lodge, No. 73. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 293, 294 Copyright 1902 LUDWICK OLDENBURG. - The distinguished orchardist, of whom we now have the privilege of speaking is one of the prominent men of Union county and by his commendable efforts, as well as by his excellent abilities and stanch moral worth, ahs merited the position that he holds, wherein he has demeaned himself with a discretion and wisdom that have commended him to his fellow men, while his most excellent achievements in the line in which he is industrially employed have placed his name among the largest and most capable fruit growers of the entire northwest. In the northern part of the renowned Anglo-Saxon country of Holland, our subject was born, and there he received his early training, which ceased when he had reached the age of eleven but further research was made by personal effort later in life. He continued with his father, a fruit grower of that country, until he had arrived at the age of twenty and then was forced to serve in the army for three years, following which he returned to his father's farm for a time and then went to work at different occupations until he was thirty-three, at which time he came to America, landing first in Detroit, Michigan, where one year was spent. Then he came to Ann Arbor, the same state, and for two and one-half years engaged in the fruit business, when he went to Lackawanna county, Pennsylvania. A short time only was spent there and next we find our subject in the Grande Ronde valley, where he rented a farm for a time and then took up a pre-emption later which he also sold, and rented his present place for five years at four hundred dollars per year. He soon saw it was advisable to buy it, the amount being fifty acres, and he did so. Adding later twenty acres more that had good bearing trees. His orchard then was five hundred fruit trees, but he has added until at the present time he has doubtless the best orchard in the valley and one that will compare favorably with anything in the entire northwest. He handles annually nearly ten thousand boxes of apples, one hundred and twenty thousand pounds of Italian prunes, six hundred boxes of pears, two thousands gallons of cherries, three hundred boxes of peaches, besides an immense amount of the smaller fruits, selling as high as five hundred dollars worth from one acre. He irrigates and in addition to fruit raising has made a record in vegetables, raising one thousand bushels of potatoes on one acre, and seventy tones and eight hundred pounds of beets on the same amount of ground. Mr. Oldenburg has improved his farm in a becoming manner, having a fruit house that will hold nearly twelve thousand boxes of apples. On October 15, 1870, Mr. Odenburg married Miss Lorena Yonker, a native of northern Holland, and ten children have been born to them: Berna, married to Minna Shafer and living in Lagrande; Garret, married to Etta Rollen and living in Medford in the Rogue river valley; Rena, wife of J.E. VanDermuelen, living in Lagrande; Ludwick, deceased, John: William, deceased: Willie: Jerrie; Ludwick, George. Politically Mr. Oldenburg is allied with the Socialists, and in 1896 he was the delegate to the state convention of the Populist party. Our subject and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church and they are highly esteemed in the community where they reside. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 265, 266 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page ELIJAH W. OLIVER. - One of the land kings of Union county, the subject of this sketch, has wrought his magnificent success in our midst by honest endeavor directed by consummate skill in financiering and untiring attention to the business in hand,and it is very gratifying to note, that Mr. Oliver is practically a product of our county, being educated in its schools and having his life directed by the influences brought to bear here, while his estimable moral qualities do credit to him in all his enterprises. Mr. Oliver was born in Marion county,Iowa, on September 1, 1857, being the son of Hiram and Julia Ann (McCaleb) Oliver, who crossed the dreary plains in 1864 and settled three miles north from Summerville, where the father erected a sawmill and continued in the operation of the same, and he is living on the home place to-day. The immediate subject of this sketch attended the comon schools of the county and received a good educationt herefrom and from further research and when he had reached mature years, began life's battles by teaching school, continuing the same for four years, during which time he manifested marked ability in the ranks of the educators of the county, taking place with the leading instructors. Immediately subsequent to this time he engaged in the art of agriculture for four years, renting land for the purpose, finally in 1885 he purchased the nucleus of his present place, one hundred and twenty acres constituting the purchase. To this he has steadily added by purchase until he owns one body seven hundred and sixty acres of fine land, all well cutlivated, and producing abundant returns in grains and fruits. On this place he has an orchard of three acres planted to the ordinary fruits of this section. In addition to this elegant estate, which lies three miles from Alicel, Mr. Oliver owns two thousand and five hundred acres fourteen miles south. This magnificent domain is utilized as follows: Five hundred acres for the production of hay and grain and the balance for pasturage for his fine herds, among which he has some excellent animals. He owns one Clydesdale stallion that has always taken first premium whenever he has been exhibited. He also owns excellent thoroughbred shorthorn cattle, some one hundred and twenty-five or more. In 1878 Mr. Oliver was married to Miss Maggie, daughter of J.Q. and Eliza (Woodell) Wallsinger, who came to the Grande Ronde valley in 1862 and took up a homestead three miles north from Summerville. In 1898 the father died but the mother is still living in Lagrande. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born nine children, two of whom are married, Charles E., living on the large estate of his father; Minnie J., wife of A. Thomas, of Logan, Utah. Two of the children are attending the high school in Lagrande and five are at home. Mr. Oliver has always taken the part of the intelligent citizen in political matters, although never accepting personal preferment. He has freely given his services and wisdom to the district in educational matters as clerk, and he always manifests a broad public spirit. Mr. Oliver is interested in the Oregon Artesian Well and Oil Company, being one of its incorporators, and he ever displays the enterprising and progressive spirit with which he is favored. Mr. Oliver is highly esteemed by his fellows, because of his real intrinsic worth, and his high moral qualities, as well as for the wisdom and ability manifested in achieving the success that has crowned his efforts. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 443 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page HIRAM W. OLIVER. - It is with pleasure that we are enabled to grant to the esteemed pioneer and capable citizen whose name is at the head of this article a representation in the history of the county of Union, where he has labored long and faithfully, both for its advancement and development and for the successful culmination of his various business enterprises, wherein he has demonstrated a consummate wisdom in handling the raw resources of the wild country and in subduing it and bringing forth the wealth that lay wrapped in its coffers of natural stores, while also he has manifested a stanch and upright character, unswerving integrity, and capabilities of the best order. Hiram W. was born on December 29, 1827, in Rush county, Indiana, being the son of Elijah T. and Catherine (Boone) Oliver. Catherine Oliver was a granddaughter of a brother of the famous Daniel Boone. He came to Kentucky with Daniel and brought his family there. Another brother, Isaac Boone, was killed in the battle on the Raisin river. With his parents, our subject removed to Cass county, thence to Pulaski county and in the spring of 1849 to Morgan county, the latter being in Illinois. Soon after, they went thence to Marion county,Iowa. In January, 1855, Mr. Oliver returned to Scott county, Illinois, to marry the lady of his choice, Miss Julia A. McCaleb, a native of Tennessee. Her grandfather, a Scotchman, was a Continental soldier in the time of the Revolution. In the spring of 1864, he gathered his worldly possessions together and undertook the journey across the plains, his two brothers with their families and his parents also accompanying him, they going to the Willamette valley, but our subject stopping in this county. He selected land in the vicinity of his present home, three miles north from Summerville, entered a government right, and settled down to work of developing the country. He soon started a sawmill and did a good business in that line for years. He now owns five hundred and twenty acres of good land, well improved, with good house, barn, and out buildings, and he is giving his attention to general farming and fruit raising, having rented his mill in 1887. He has one of the finest orchards anywhere in this vicinity, being fifteen acres of well selected bearing stock, of all kinds adapted to this section. It is of note that the wheat had to be ground in a coffe mill when they first came to the valley. The nearest flour mill was in Walla Walla, and the snow was too deep on the mountains to cross. The first real flour they had cost Mr. Oliver fourteen dollars per hundred weight. To Mr. Oliver and his wife there were born the following children: Elijah, married to Miss Margaret Walsinger; Turner, a lawyer of Lagrande and married to Anna McDonald; John R., married to Winnie Blakeslee, of Union; Marshall, married to Ida Gerhardt; Arthur, married to Rosa Brown; Charles W., married to Martha Cook; Catherine, wife of Edgar Marvin, of Wallowa. Mrs. Oliver died in 1875, being beloved by all and sincerely mourned. Mr. Oliver contracted a second marriage in December, 1879, the lady then becoming his wife, being Maria L. Burt, and three children have been born to them. H. Perry, who married Edna Robinson, of Des Moines, Iowa; Frank H., and Burt M. Mrs. Oliver is a native of Mount Morris, New York, and is a descendant of James Fisk and Genera Hathven. The former was of Greenwich, Massachusetts, and joined the Continental army before he was sixteen and fought through the entire struggle until victory crowned their efforts. The latter acted on General Washington's staff during the same war. Mr. Oliver is a member of the A.F.&A.M. and has been since 1868, while in political affiliations he is allied with the democratic party. Mr. and Mrs. Oliver are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and they are consistent supporters of the faith. In pioneer work and labors, Mr. Oliver has taken a comendable part and is deserving of much credit for the faithfulness and ability that he has manifested and he is one of the substantial citizens of the county to-day, highly esteemed and respected by all. Mr. Oliver hauled lumber over the mountains to Walla Walla in 1860. In 1865, or thereabouts, Mr. Oliver was the moving spirit to form a company of several leading men, which was incorporated and had for its object the rebuilding of the old road over the mountains. It was known as the Summerville and Western Wagon Road Company. The company completed the work in good shape and just as it was done, a terrific storm came and washed out all the bridges, slid down the cuts of the m0ountains, and filled the roadway with timber and boulders, and wrought havoc generally. The damage was beyond repair and so the company dissolved after expending about thirty thousand dollars in the enterprise. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 423,424 Copyright 1902 ********************************************** HIRAM W. OLIVER. - Mr. Oliver is a native of Indiana, and was born in 1827. He is the son of a farmer. In 1849 he moved to Illinois, farming until the fall of 1853, when he changed his residence to Iowa. In 1864 he crossed the plains to the Pacific coast, and located a claim in the Grande Ronde valley, Oregon, at the north end of the broad, timbered flat northwest of Summerville, and purchased a sawmill there which he is still operating. He manufactures a large quantity of excellent lumber, and also conducts large farming operations. He married Miss Julia McCaleb in Illinois in 1856; and their seven children are all prominent in Union county. This companion died in 1874. His present wife, Maria L. Burt, makes for him and their three children a delightful home. Mr. Oliver owns ten hundred and forty acres of timbered land in the vicinity of his mill, and also has considerable well-bred stock. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 498 TURNER OLIVER. - This wide-awake citizen of Union county is the son of Hiram W. Oliver, a biographical sketch of whom is also included in this work. He was born on May 7, 1860, in Iowa; and, although but four years old when crossing the plains, he remembers distinctly some of the exciting incidents of the journey to the Grande Ronde, particularly the pursuit of a band of Indians who were making off with the horses of the train, but upon close pressure were obliged to let go all except those belonging to two Dutchmen, who were in ill odor with the train for shirking their duty as guardsmen. That day three young men were sent to a fort some miles distant for government aid, which they failed to get, and on their return to the train were fired upon by a scouting party of soldiers and had two of their horses killed. He also remembers how the following winter all his father's family were obliged to subsist upon boiled wheat, mashed wheat, and wheat straight, without salt or other seasoning. Turned obtained the most of his primary education by a systematic course of study at home, working at his father's mill during the day, and studying by the light of a fire of pine knots at night. By this assiduous application he fitted himself to teach school, and began a career in that line at the age of seventeen. After he was twenty years of age he made further attainments by two years' attendance at the Blue Mountain Academy, and two years more at the State University. In 1884 he succeeded to the management of his father's lumbering business at Summerville. In 1885 he accepted the principalship of the public school at Union, which he raised from a chaotic condition to one of the best in Eastern Oregon. He declined the same position the next year in order to accept that of deputy county clerk of Union county, and in that capacity is serving with credit to himself and with honor to his county. Mr. Oliver is of a bold, frank and generous disposition, with plenty of nerve and an inflexible will. He takes great interest in the cause of education, and allies himself with every enterprise calculated to benefit society, and to accelerate the wheels of progress. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 498 Olsons of Union County While on an expedition to my hometown of Haines, OR, my mother and I found this typewritten label from a trunk at the Haines Museum: This trunk was placed in the museum by the family of Neil and Elizabeth Olson (deceased). Neil and Elizabeth Olson came to Oregon in the year 1887 and spent the rest of their lives in or near North Powder. This trunk was built in Bergen, Norway by Peter Hansen, father of Elizabeth. It was made about the year 1866. Elizabeth was born in the year 1869. The Peter Hansen family left Norway in the year 1882 and later that year settled on 80 acres of land bought from a railroad company near the town of Eleva, state of Wisconsin. In the year 1885, Elizabeth Hansen married Neil Olson and in the spring of 1887, the 5th of May, Neil and Elizabeth started across the northern plains route headed for the Pacific coast. This trunk was given to Elizabeth at that time by her father, Peter Hansen, and she kept and used it until her death in 1943. This trunk traveled across the Atlantic ocean-up the St. Lawrence river to Quebec, Canada, then to Chicago, Ill. by rail, the to the new farm home near Eleva, Wisconsin. This trunk rode in the covered wagon across the northern plains with the Olsons and their oldest son, Oscar, who was 6 months old; arriving at North Powder, then made the last short trip to Haines, Oregon to this museum. These were the founders of the Olson family in Union and Baker Counties. Here is their story as near as I can piece together. According to family legend, Elizabeth Cecelia made the crossing to America by herself. This is born out by passenger lists of the ship Ontario arriving in Quebec August 22, 1881 that enumerated her mother and father and four siblings, but not Elizabeth herself. Elizabeth was born Nov. 24,1869 in Bergen Norway making her 12 or 13 when she did make the crossing. Was she alone or in the company of relatives or friends? She was a 16 year-old girl when she was married to Olaf Cornelius Olson. Now Olaf C. was born in Wisconsin (Black Earth, Dane Co., WI) and his parents were Olaf Olson and Julia Roe (the marriage certificate specified the mother of the groom was Gunhild Nelson, but the Norwegians being rather casual about changing names, I suspect she went by either maiden name). Olaf had 2 brothers, Albert (who went by the Norwegian spelling: Olsen) and Charles who ended up in the vastness of Canada. There is little else that we know about the Olsons of Dane Co.. Wisconsin is full of Ole Olsons and there is no evidence to differentiate one Ole from another. The Wedding was held in Albion, Trempeleau Co., WI on Dec. 23, 1885. It was an Evangelical Lutheran Ceremony performed by O.O. Dahlen. Rev. Dahlen was not a Lutheran minister, but may have performed a "Lutheran" ceremony for the Olsons in the absence of an ordained Lutheran minister. The marriage lines list the brides's parents as Ludwig Hansen and Marie Thomassen (maiden name). This concurs with the Ontario's passenger list which names L. (Ludwig) P. (Peter) Hansen and wife, Marie. This must have been a festive affair, right before Christmas with all the traditions of Norway, a gathering of family and the hope of a new country in which to build their marriage. A year and a half later, on May 5, 1887, the young couple left Wisconsin by covered wagon taking the northern plains route, for North Powder, OR. For Neil (Olaf Cornelius) this was a long journey, for Elizabeth this was the last leg of many thousand miles. They prospered in North Powder. On the 1905 tax list their assets were valued at $290 but by 1910 they were worth $3530. They owned their own farm and had 9 children, Oscar Levi, Malvin Gerhard, Agnes Amanda, Alfred Leslie, Olaf Roger, Arthur Sigvard, Norval Gotford, Gladonia Malfryda Geneva and Dagmar Charlotte. The Olson family bible lists one other small entry. An unnamed Baby Olson whose birthday and death date were the same, Mar. 12, 1911, born 12 years after the other children. The Olson Family was very musical and from 1909 to 1918, as the Olson Family Orchestra, they traveled up and down the Pacific coast playing engagements in many localities. There is a lovely old family photo showing 5 of the young Olson men and two of the girls playing violins, drums, piano, trombone, trumpet and clarinet. There are other instruments hung on the wall and a star spangled banner cordoning them off. A family story is told about one of the Olson boys, Ole Roger. His bride Eva loved to dance, but Ole was always playing at the community celebrations. She would set them out, not wanting to dance with other men (though she loved to dance).In later years, when he no longer played, he asked her to dance. She declined, explaining she'd had to wait too long for him. Olaf Cornelius' brother Albert also emigrated to North Powder in October of 1887. In 1893, he married Nellie Frew Shaw, a native of Glasgow, Scotland. Together they had 8 children: Tilman, Harry, Dean, Thomas, Robert, Ernest, Alvin and Helen. The brothers both farmed the North Powder area and each passed away with heart compaints; Albert in 1930 and Olaf in 1939. I would be most happy to ammend this biographical sketch if anyone has further information to share. Source citations and further dates and details can obtained by Email: (Someway the e-mail for this bio got lost. Please contact me so I can put it back on - Janine) F.L. Paddock and Family This biography appears on pages 306-307 in "History of Dakota Territory" by George W. Kingsbury, Vol. V (1915) Fred Leman Paddock--son of Charles A. and Sarah Barnes Paddock. F. L. Paddock, familiarly known as "Tom," has passed the greater part of his life in Bon Homme county (SD), where he is now farming in Cleveland precinct. He was born at Lime Springs, Howard county, Iowa, March 15, 1868, a son of CHARLES A. and SARAH (Barnes) PADDOCK. The father (Charles), a native of Cook county, Illinois, was born January 9,1837, and was a scion of old New England stock. His parents, Richard and Nancy (Betts) Paddock, were born in Oneida county, New York. Mrs. Sarah (Barnes) Paddock was a daughter of Elisha and Sally (Palmer) Barnes. Richard Paddock came west in the early '30s and settled in Cook county, Illinois, when Chicago was a mere village and about 1841 removed there. Five years later he emigrated to McHenry county (IL) and in 1887 went to Minneapolis, where he passed away in 1894, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. His wife died in McHenry county in 1882. In 1862 Charles Paddock removed still farther west and settled in Howard county, Iowa, finding employment at his trade as a mason around Lime Springs until he came to South Dakota in 1873. Loading his worldly possessions into a prairie schooner drawn by oxen, he started in September on a journey of three hundred miles to his destination in Bon Homme county, arriving October 10, 1873, having previously inspected the country and decided upon his location. The journey took twenty-four days and was not without its hardships. He first filed on a preemption claim, but later changed to a homestead claim, his farm comprising the northwest quarter of section 20, township 94, range 59. As the family arrived too late in the fall to build a house Mr. Paddock rented for the winter, but in the spring built a small log house, to which he added another room in 1876. Three years later he added a half story and replaced the straw and clay roof with shingles, making his residence a very comfortable pioneer dwelling. In the early days before his land was producing to its fullest extent and when the prices for produce were very low he followed the trades of mason and plasterer throughout the winter and thus kept his family supplied with the necessities of life. Later he concentrated his attention upon his farming interests, from which he derived a gratifying income. He had but fifty cents when he reached Yankton and the comfortable competence which he accumulated was the reward of much toil and self-denial and the use of good judgment. In 1880 he and his wife united with the Congregational church and his political allegiance was given to the republican party. From 1885 until 1892 he served on the state board of agriculture and in that capacity did much to further the development of scientific farming in the state. He retired and removed to Oregon in 1899 where he passed away November 26, 1902, and his wife died in that state March 16, 1900. To Mr. and Mrs. Charles Paddock were born ten children, eight of whom survive: Elliott, who is engaged in the real-estate business at Pierson,Iowa; James and Willis, who are living in Oregon; F. L., of this review; Nellie, living in Oregon; Nena, the wife of Milton Turnbull, of Oregon; Anna, who married William P. Eymer, of Tyndall, South Dakota; and Albert, a veterinary surgeon living in Oregon. Emma, who died in 1897, was the wife of I. W. Seaman, formerly a stockman of Mitchell, South Dakota. Frank A. died in Union Oregon, in 1906. (Paragraphs dealing with F.L. Paddock removed. E-mail Lynn Dielman for more information about the PADDOCK family.) Back to top of page HANNAH PALMER. - The venerable and esteemed lady, whose name appears at the head of this article, is one of the well-known persons of Lagrande, having lived here since the early infancy of the town; in fact, owning the land upon which the town is built, and having faithfully done her share in the noble work of making Union county what it is now, while she has always manifested the graciousness and discretion, which so becomingly characterize her, ever maintaining a high sense of her stewardship. In Delaware county, Pennsylvania, on April 7, 1814, Hanna Palmer was born to John and Beulah (Walter) Palmer, and in her native place she was well educated in a good academy, remaining also in that county until the year 1857, in which season she removed to Iowa. Seven years were spent in that state and in 1864, she endured the hardships of the arduous trip across the plains to the Grande Ronde valley. They settled at Lagrande, purchasing the land where a portion of the town stands. They gave their attention to farming, and it seemed that all things assisted in their prosperity, because of the excellent wisdom that was displayed in their ways. At the present time, our subject is residing with her son, Joseph, who is one of the most prominent and able business men of the county, being a stockholder in the electric light plant and in the leading bank of Lagrande, besides owning much other valuable property. In 1824, or the year following, our subject had the pleasure of shaking hands with that noble patriot, Lafayette, remembering him well, and also she stood on the Brandywine battle ground. She has also stood in the spot where the Declaration of Independence was signed. In 1835, our subject was married to Robert H. Palmer, son of Joseph and Mary (Hall) Palmer. Mr. palmer died September 30, 1901, being eighty-nine years of age. In 1871 Mrs. Palmer went back to Pennsylvania, staging to Kelton, Utah, and thence by rail. She returned one year later. In 1889 she and her husband made a trip to their old home in the Keystone State. She is now one of two who are living in the generation of her own and her husband's families. Mrs. Palmer has the distinction of riding on the very first railroads built in the United States. She has become the mother of the following children: Beulah, wife of F. Newlin, living in Lagrande; Joseph, married and living in Lagrande; John, deceased, but leaving five children, who are living in Baker City; Anna E., wife of A. Jones, living in Lagrande and the mother of four children: Lydia, wife of B.W. Grandy, living in Lagrande, and having six children: Charles L., living in Baker City; Frank, married, and living in Portland and the father of two children: Emma, wife of C.V. Harding, having seven children. Mrs. Palmer is the recipient of the esteem and love of all who know her, both because of her faithful labors and because of her real worth. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 291, 292 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page ELISHA J. PARKER. - A man who posseses the qualities that enable him to brave the dangers of the new country and settle in and develop the same, while he makes a success of the various undertakings that are incident to pioneer life, maintaining a record for uprightness, honor and ability, is one who deserves to be represented in the history of his county, while his name should be placed high in the roll of honor. Such an one is the gentleman of whom we know have the pleasure to write, and the strong character of Elisha J. Parker has left its impress for goood indelibly on the communities where he has resided, and it is to such stanch characters that we are indebted for the advancment of our county and the upbuilding of our free institutions. Mr. Parker was born in Shelby county, Missouri, in 1845, on a farm and in 1852, when he was seven years of age, he was taken across the plains with the balance of the family, and the sad event of the father's death occurred when they were in the midst of the weary journey across the plains. The mother went on with her little flock and located in October, of the same year, on a farm which the father had taken in Sonoma county in 1849. They lived there one year and the mother married again, and then sold the farm and bought another in a different part of the county. Our subject was active in working out during the summers and in attendance upon the schools of the section in the winters. Two years also he worked for his board while attending school. At about the age of fourteen years, he went to Lake county and engaged in herding stock for two years. Then he went to Healdsburg, and there attended the academy, graduating therefrom in 1862, being under the tuition of Professor Mathison. He immediately came to the north after this, locating in Union county in 1863. He first engaged in packing and freighting, taking goods to the Idaho mining camps. He has the distinction of being with the first pack train that unloaded in Blackfoot City, his connection being bell boy and cook, and the train in question belonging to a Pegleg Smith, and the date, 1865. He continued in this business until 1868, then went to Mountain City, Nevada, and there killed the first beef, sacrificed in that place, then in 1870 came back to Lagrande. He rented a farm for five or six years and then paid sixteen hundred dollars for the relinquishment to one quarter section, which he homesteaded, living on that place for twenty-four years. In 1897, he sold it for five thousand dollars, and bought a quarter where he now lives, one and one-half miles east and one and one-fourth miles south from island City. To that he has added from time to time bypurchase until he owns a fine estate of ten hundred and forty acres. He is one of the heavy stockmen and leading agriculturists of the county and is a fancier of blooded cattle and hogs, having some fine registered specimens. Mr. Parker has his farms well improved and he handles them with skill, while he has erected fine commodious buildings which make his place both attractive and comfortable, and a general air of thrift and care pervade the premises, showing industry, wisdom, and attention to business, governed by good taste. In 1871, Mr. Parker married Miss Martha E., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Dodson) Lanman, and they have become the parents of the following children: Vernon, married to Jake L. Bartimass and living on Rock creek: Deloras, wife of Walter Williams, engaged in a grist mill in Island City: Maude M. was married to Claude Childers in Alicel; Pearl E., Walter C. and Roy V. Fraternally, Mr. Parker is affiliated with the Masons, being one of the oldest members in Lagrande, while in politics he holds with the Democrats, and is a stanch supporter of his belief in the Jeffersonian Democracy. Mr. Parker is esteemed among his fellows, maintains a standing for uprightness and morality that is gratifying, while his wisdom and vigor have place him in the prominent position that he holds today. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 418, 419 Copyright 1902 JAMES M PARKER. - There is no more worthy subject for the pen of the writer than the sturdy, faithful pioneer. Little will ever be said concerning that life compared with the amount that might really be mentioned in praise of this noble class of individuals. We are pleased to announce that the man whose name appears at the head of this article belonged to that number of praiseworthy men who opened this country, doing work here before the middle of the last century, and from that time until the present maintaining an upright demeanor, displaying good ability to properly fill the stations of life where he has wrought, and constantly laboring for the development of the country and for the welfare of all, while his priceless qualities of moral worth and intrinsic value have been a light to many on the pilgrim road. James M. Parker was born in Surry county, North Carolina, on September 20, 1826, being the son of John Parker, a noted farmer of that region, and a prominent citizen of his state. There our subject was educated and at the tender age of fourteen years his adventurous spirit led him to begin the journey to the west, landing in Buchanan county,Missouri, in that year. He at once set to work for wages and six eyars were spent in steady employment in that county. Then being twenty years of age he was led to seek still further toward the setting sun and so in 1847 he joined one of the trains that dragged their weary way across the baked plain and rugged mountain, beset by hostile savages and innumerable hardships, toward the Pacific coast. Battles too numerous to mention individually were participated in, and well along toward the close of the journey they had a severe encounter with the redskins, and our subject received a serious wound in his right arm, the bone being fractured. No doctor was in attendance and it was with difficulty that the member was saved, and in fact, it was with great odds against his life itself that he endured. Fourteen days later he arrived where a physician was to be had. An amputation was ordered at once but the sturdy will of the subject refused all obedience to the physician, and the result was hat the arm was saved. However, the bone not being properly set, the knitting was not perfect, still he has had use in a measure of that improtant member since that day. As soon as he was able to work he took employment in a sawmill in the Willamette valley and spent two years there. Then he went to Linn county and took a half-section of government land. He went to buying and selling stock and for twenty years he did a thriving business. Then he sold out and came to Union county, taking a pre-emption claim, which later wa abandoned because of savages on the war path. He remained in the Grande Ronde valley, purchasing a quarter-section, the year being 1871. For twenty-six years he continued in this place, taking, in the meantime, a pre-emption for range, raising stock and buying and selling cattle. Success invariably attended him in his endeavors because of good judgment, careful attention to business and sagacity and industry displayed always. In 1896 he rented his place and purchased a couple of acres three-fourths of a mile east from Lagrande, built a house and retired form the activities of business. Mr. Parker has well earned his rest and is now enjoying his riper years in comfort and repose. Mr. Parker married Miss Mary, daughter of Abraham Smith, an old pioneer of the Grande Ronde valley. This wedding occurred in 1853, and this worthy couple have become the parents of thirteen children, as follows: Emoline, single; Julia, married to Mace Young; Abraham, married to Eva Roberts; John: Sarah, wife of George Bloom; Martha, deceased; Ida M., wife of Bert Benton; William, deceased; Laura L., deceased; James, married to Emma Huntly; Bert A.; Frank; Viola, wife of Stephen Cady of Union. Eight of the living children are in the Grande Ronde valley and two are in the Wallowa valley. Mr. Parker is a member of the I.O.O.F., and also takes a great interest in politics and the welfare of the county, and he is highly esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 431,432 Copyright 1902 CHARLES R. PATTEN. - It is with pleasure that we are enabled to grant to the esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this paragraph a representation in this volume of Union county's history, since he has labored faithfully here for the advancement of the county and has demeaned himself in such a commendable manner that he has won the admiration and esteem of all who are acquainted with him. Charles R. was born in Walla Walla, Washington, on December 10, 1860, being the son of William H. and Elizabeth A. (Young) Patten, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Missouri. The father came to California in the early fifties nad two years later migrated thence to southern Oregon, where he was married and then removed to Walla Walla. In this place he raised stock and did carpenter work, being the builder of the first jail in that city. In 1864 he left Walla Walla and came to Union county, taking as a homestead the ground where Summerville is now located. He took up saw milling and farming until 1888, then retired from active work, living in Elgin, in which place, in the spring of 1889, he was called hence by death, the mother having passed away in March, 1872. Our subject worked with his father until he had attained the age of twenty-three, then engaged as salesman with Dan Sommers in Summerville and Elgin for nine years. Subsequent to that time he was occupied with saw milling in different portions of the county and then took charge of the place where he now lives, three miles northwest from Elgin. On January 13, 1884, Mr. Patten married Miss Sarah Ohns, in Summerville, and two children were the fruit of this union, Ray and Harvey. On March 22, 1888, Mrs. Patten was called away by death. On March 22, 1896, Mr. Patten contracted a second marriage, the lady of his choice being Miss Emma, daughter of Y.S. and Catherine Darr, and the nuptials were celbrated in Lagrande. Three children have been born to them, Leo, Murray and Jean. Mr. and Mrs. Darr came to this county in 1882 and he engaged in farming and saw milling. At the present time they are living with our subject. Mr. Patten is a member of the W. of W., Rockwell Camp, No. 700. He is a man of enterprise and has won the meed of success in his endeavors, being one of the substantial citizens of the county. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 406, 407 Copyright 1902 HON. THOMAS McF. PATTON. - There is scarcely a man in Oregon, who enjoys a greater measure of esteem, both in his own community and abroad, than the gentleman whose name heads this memoir. With the usual substantial and popular qualities of the pioneers, he has a touch of dash and a breadth of view which lift him somewhat above the horizon of even the first business men and thinkers of the Pacific Northwest. He is prominent among those who have given the tone and pose to the peculiarly refined and genial society of the Capital city. He was born in Carrollton, Ohio, March 19, 1829, and in 1838 moved with his parents to Findlay. His education was secured at Martinsburg Academy, and at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware. He chose the law as his profession, and after the usual preparation passed a very satisfactory examination, being admitted to the bar in 1850. The very flattering reports, which returning parties from Oregon had circulated relative to that territory, reaching his ears, he determined to come West, and in 1851 joined a party of emigrants at Council Bluffs, arriving at his destination in October of that year. In that company he first saw the lady, then a girl of fourteen years, who afterwards became his wife. He first settled on Yamhill county, where he remained until December, when he located at Salem. In the spring of 1853 he removed to Jackson county, and was shortly afterwards elected county judge. During the Indian war of 1855-56 he served as orderly sergeant in Company A, commanded by Captain John F. Miller. On August 3, 1854, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances M., the only daughter of Hon. E.F. and Eliza Cooke of Salem. The first year of their married life was passed in Jacksonville; when, at the earnest solicitations of the parents of his wife; they removed to Salem. He served as chief clerk of the house in 1860, and, in 1861 was appointed chief clerk in the office of the superintendent of Indian affairs, under W.H. Rector. He was for several years secretary of the people's Transportation Company, and was again elected chief clerk of the house in 1866. In 1872 he was elected representative to the legislature from Marion county, and in 1876 was appointed appraiser of merchandise for the District of Willamette, serving in such capacity for seven years. In 1884 he was appointed United States consul at Hiogo, Japan, and held that position until 1887. Mr. Patton has for many years taken an active interest in Masonry, and has ably filled the greater number of the more important offices within the gift of that fraternity. He has served as grand secretary, grand treasurer and deputy grand master. In June, 1889, he was elected grand high priest of Royal Arch Masons, serving one term, and for sixteen years served as chairman of the committee on foreign correspondence for the grand chapter, with acceptance at home and abroad, his annual reports being received with marked favor in every grand jurisdiction. During his career in public life, many and varied acquirements were demanded to meet all the positions he had been called upon to fill; yet he has adorned all of them. Being a shrewd business man, and cautious in his investments, success has attended his enterprises. He owns considerable real estate in Salem, and is credited with being well fixed in worldly affairs. Mr. Patton's greatest sorrow has been brought about by the death of his estimable wife, which occurred December 7, 1866. His family consists of three children, two sons and one daughter, the latter being the wife of John D. McCuly, of Joseph, Union county, Oregon. Politically speaking, Mr. Patton is a Republican; and his religious tendencies are cast with the Congregational church. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 516, 517 WILLIAM G. PEACH. - There is no doubt but there should be special mention in this volume of the abiding chronicles of Union county, of the capable and venerable citizen, whose name appears at the head of this article, and it is with pleasure that we accord to him space for the epitome of an interesting and eventful career, since his abilities are worthy of such, and since his success has been achieved by meritorious effort, and since his character is upright, stanch, and worthy to be exemplified. Mr. Peach was born in the Green Mountain State, at Newbury, Orange county, on October 15, 1833, and there were spent the first nineteen years of his life. The school facilities were limited, and so our subject had the opportunity to attend school but three months in his life, which lack, however, he has amply made up for in personal research and extensive observation. At the budding age of nineteen, in company with two cousins, he embarked at New York for San Francisco, going via the isthmus route. The cost of a steerage ticket was one hundred and sixty dollars, while they paid ten cents per pound for transportation of their baggage across the isthmus. September 7 was the date they sailed from New York, and October 5 the day when they slipped through the Golden Gate, and beheld the Mecca of the world at that time. Immediately they took boat for Stockton, and soon were in the mining district, and had a property which they worked for seven years, clearing a number of thousand dollars apiece out of the transaction. In 1858 our subject came to Marin county, California, and remained there until 1873, when the fertility of the Grande Ronde valley attracted him, and he came hither, purchasing a half section four miles from where his present place is situated. He took up general farming and dairying for three years, and then rented his land and went to the Willamette valley for seven years. At the expiration of that period, he returned to island City, and in 1883, in company with his two sons bought a three-fourths interest in the large estate of over two thousand acres, which lies five miles east from Island City. In 1902, they bought the remaining one-fourth of the property, and they handle one of the largest dairies in the county. They milk sixty head of thoroughbred Jerseys and have eighty-four more of the same stock. Their herd is estimated to be the best in the entire state, which means much, as Oregon is essentially a stock state. They handle fine horses, having seven head of thoroughbred Percherons and about thirty other good ones. Their land produces about eight thousand bushels of grain besides the hay and pasturage necessary for their herds. In 1860 Mr. Peach married Miss Jane, daughter of James and Eliza (Pete) Seaver, and a native of Craftsbury, Vermont. To this union there were born the following children: Sarah J., married to H.H. Brand, who now lives in China, the wife having died in 1887; Angeline E., wife of Charles H. Vantress, a farmer; James S., George W., who took as wife Minnie E. Price; Mary L., married to W.C. Young, a Seventh Day Adventist preacher in Spokane. Politically, Mr. Peach is allied with the Republicans, and for sixteen years he held the office of road supervisor. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the Masons, and in his church relations he is identified with the Seventh Day Adventist denomination. In 1897, Mrs. Peach was called from her loved ones by the hand of death. Mr. Peach is now passing the golden years of his life in the quiet enjoyment of the good things that his labor has produced, and is everywhere highly esteemed and respected, being a man of unswerving integrity and good principles. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 330, 331 Back to top of page JOHN J. PEEBLER. - Among the very first settlers of the Grande Ronde valley, if not the first actual one to begin residence here, we mention the esteemed gentleman and worthy pioneer whose name appears above, and who has been identified with the interests of Union county since its organization and with this section before Union county was in existence, laboring ever for the promulgation of sound principles and the inauguration of good government and the material progress and substantial improvement of both his state and county. John J. Peebler was born to Samuel C. and Dorothy Peebler in Jefferson county, Iowa, on July 25, 1836, and when he was six years of age his parents both died, leaving him an orphan at that tender age. There was but one intervening day between these deaths, which made it doubly sad. The struggles that must have come to the young lad from this date until we next see him are veiled and we necessarily pass them by. In 1853, when he was a youth of seventeen summers, he made the arduous and yet exciting trip across the plains with his uncle, David Peebler. The entire distance was covered with ox teams and the train was composed of forty or more wagons, and it is of note that they made the whole trip without accident or molestation. They located in the vicinity of Salem, and there he assisted his uncle in the work of the farm for two years and then participated in the well known Rogue river war with the Indians. Following this struggle he went to the mines, remaining for two years, and then repaired to Douglas county near Roseburg, where, in December, 1859, he was joined in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Amelia A., daughter of Thompson and Nancy Grubbe, and to them have been born the following children: An infant, deceased before it was named; Olive Syrene, wife of John F. Green, of Payette; Evan T., married to Annie Walker, living near Lagrande; Mary A., deceased; Clara Henrietta, wife of William Allan, near Lagrande; Henry Walter, Adolph Eugene. In the spring of 1862 Mr. Peebler came with his family to the Grande Ronde valley and selected his present home place. At that time there was but one log cabin in the valley. He set to work with the energy and skill and courage of the true pioneer to make a home and to open the country for settlement. He entered land and improved it with fences and buildings, and because of his thrift and industry, prosperity ahs attended his efforts. Since 1862 he has remained here and has seen the country settle and the buildings rise and the towns of the county spring up, and steadily he has pursued his way, that of the upright, intelligent and substantial citizen, ever laboring for the welfare of all. From time to time he has added to his real estate of six hundred acres, which is well improved and very productive. The entire amount is fenced and good buildings, as barns, dwelling and other necessaries are erected and maintained, while a good orchard and other evidences of labor and sagacity are abounding on every hand. All of these things testify plainly of the position that Mr. Peebler holds in the agricultural and stock-raising world. He is one of the leaders of the county and as such is entitled to especial credit, since he took the raw material from nature's hands and wrought out the good things that are his now to enjoy. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masons, and in that relation, as in all the relations of his life, he is esteemed and highly respected. Now as the golden years of his career begin to run apace and the season for riper thoughts and the maturer fruits of life draws on, he is justly entitled to enjoy the fruit of his labor and reap the rewards of his thrift and integrity, since he wrested from the wilds of nature the domain that he possesses and fought back the savages who repelled the invasions of civilization's pilots, and has always in his relations with his fellows been upright and manly and dominated with wisdom and kindness. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 374, 375 ***************************************** JOHN J. PEEBLER. - Mr. Peebler was born in Iowa in 1837, and while but a boy of six years met the irreparable loss of his parents, who died within twenty-four hours of each other. With an uncle, David Peebler, he crossed the plains in 1853, and made his home at Harrisburg, in Linn county, Oregon. During the Indian disturbances of 1855, he went to Umpqua valley and served with the volunteers on Rogue river. He continued his journeys to Yreka, where he mined for eighteen months, returning thereafter to the Umpqua valley. In 1859 he was married to Miss Antoinette Grumble, and in 1862 went to the Salem river gold mines, thence to the Grande Ronde valley, and then back to the Umpqua. Being very much pleased with the Blue Mountain country, he determined to bring thither his family and make the Grande Ronde his home. He located at Ladd's Cañon, Union county, Oregon, where he still resides, owning five hundred and sixty acres of fine land, which is stocked with sheep, cattle and horses. Three married children are living near them; and three unmarried are at home. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 518 FREDERICK PROEBSTEL. - This pioneer of the Wallowa valley was born in Germany in 1829, and with his parents emigrated to America in 1842 and located in Missouri. In 1852 he made the crossing of the plains to Lewis county, Washington Territory, locating on Fourth Plain. Mr. Proebstel, belonging to the family of this name, a number of whose biographies are found in this volume, shared many experiences in common with others, and was one of the Indian fighters of 1855-56, and wishes to bear special testimony to the liberality of the Hudson's Bay Company during the hard winter of 1852, when many must have suffered without their assistance. Of the many stories which he tells with feeling and humor in regard to the early settlement of the Wallowa valley, the following are specimens. His niece, returning home from the log schoolhouse one evening met face to face by a panther. Being near home, she called out to her father, and meantime struck the animal with one of her school books. The stroke and the scream caused the panther to slink away; and the father, coming quickly with his gun, secured a fine skin. In 1879 Mr. Proebstel drove his herds to the Imnaha, a portion of the Wallowa country, in order to obtain open range. There he stayed for four years, and while there was much annoyed by grizzly bears and panthers. The grizzlies were frequently disposed of by setting fifty-pound steel traps in a pen, wherein was fresh meat bait, and also a large hog at the opening. The bear usually put his fore foot into the trap as he attempted to gain the bait, or was lured on by the hog. Occasionally panthers were caught in this way; and one is mentioned, both of whose hind feet were thus pinioned, so as to make it impossible for him to tear open the dogs' bodies, as he could have done without this hindrance. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 526 GEORGE W. PROEBSTEL. - The subject of this sketch was born upon a farm in Missouri in 1842. When ten years old he crossed the plains with his father, Jacob Proebstel, driving an ox-team and experiencing the usual hardships attending such a trip. On one occasion he saw his mother pay a dollar a pound for flour, which was hard to secure even at that price. It was the Fourth of July that his party reached Independence Rock, and found there a large train celebrating the holiday with music an dancing. The behavior of the cowboys whom he saw made a lasting impression upon his mind. Arriving in Clarke county in November, the family was obliged to put up with the usual privations of that early day, living on boiled wheat and going barefoot through the rain and snow of that severe winter. George W. was a participator in the Indian war of 1855, belonging to Captain Kelly's company; and upon his discharge found himself in debt fifteen dollars for the clothes which he had worn out in the service. In 1863 he endeavored to find his fortune by repairing to the Idaho mines, and remained as much as five years. Returning to Clarke county in 1868, he married and located a homestead on heavily timbered land, forty acres of which he cleared within ten years. In1878 he selected a new home at Weston, Umatilla county, and engaged with his brothers in a flouring mill, which was burned four years later. After this he clerked in a store for one year; and, being careful of his earnings, he was enabled to embark in business upon his own account, buying out an extensive hardware business, and establishing a store, which he is at present successfully conducting. Mr. Proebstel is one of the most successful citizens in that locality. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 526, 527 WILLIAM PROEBSTEL. - In the word, pioneer, is wrapped more real substance and genuine meaning than perhaps in any other word of the English language. Its pronunciation brings vividly before us weary days of marching through the trackles wastes of western desert, enduring the pain of hunger, thirst and waning strength, although courage was never less to the pioneer and the buoyancy of hope never shone dimmer than when first its vision lured him to turn his face from civilization hired him to turn his face from civilization and begin the pilgrim journey toward the setting sun. What scenes of herculean struggles when the destination was reached, when from the wildness of nature there was a rude home carved to shelter the hardy subjects until little by little the comforts of life could be added. What days and night of anxiety were spent in watching and fighting the savages, who roamed but to destroy. All this, and much more were the experiences of these noble men and women, who gave to us this good land of plenty and peace. As a leading figure and worthy representative of this class, stands the subject of this sketch, and what more could we say, and surely he deserves no less, than that Wiilliam Proebstel was a pioneer in every true sense of the word and in the place where he wrought with such indefatigable energy and true integrity, there he has grown venerable and now enjoys the proper fruits of his toil. In Germany, in 1829, our subject was born and there acquired his education and spent the years of his childhood until 1842, when he accompanied his parents to the United States, settling in Clay county, Missouri. Some time after their arrival, in the year 1852, it is stated, the mother with her little flock of eight children, gathered their substance together and undertook the long and wearisome journey to the land of the Pacific coast. Hardships of the arduous journey were easy to bear when they were all together, and day after day they steadily pursued the journey westward having no particular accident nor trouble until one day the mother sickened. All that her loving children, eight sons, could do was done but all to no avail for the disease refused to be checked and the messenger of death rudely stepped into their midst and snatched away the beloved mother. Words can hardly portray the unutterable sadness and loneliness that settled on that little group of broken hearted children when they were forced to lay in the grave by the old emmigrant trail the remains of their cherished and dearly beloved mother. The rude instruments of burial improvised for the occasion, the cheerless plain with its desert waste of loneliness and above all the sickening pain of death itself, were things never to be forgotten. It was with bowed heads and breaking hearts that they tore themselves from the sacred spot and slowly took up the cheerless journey to the west. In due time they reached the Willamette valley and the older sons later took land near Portland, which has since become the Proebstel addition to that flourishing city. Our subject remained there four years and then went to Clark county, Washington, and bought a section of land where he labored until 1863, then came to his present place in Union county. He has given his attention to farming and stock raising here continuously since. His farm consists of five hundred and twenty acres all well improved and skillfully handled. He now rents the land, having retired froma ctive labor, and lives in a home on his farm, whence he attends to the oversight of his estates. In 1862, Mr. Proebstel married Miss Lucinda Nessley, a native of Ohio, whose parents were pioneers of the west. To them have been born five children: Emory, Frank F., Hattie, Wendel P., and Molly. Mr. Proebstel is one of the highly esteemed citizens of the county and has always labored faithfully for the interests of the county and the welfare of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 429,430 ************************************************* DR. WILLIAM PROEBSTEL. - Few among our early residents have been more serviceable to society than the gentleman whose name appears above. He was born in Germany in 1829, and is the son of a wine-grower. He received his primary education in the old co8untry, and at the age of thirteen migrated to America, locating in Missouri, remaining there ten years, and receiving from the common schools the rudiments of an English education. He also took a course in dentistry. In 1852 he crossed the plains to Oregon, locating at Portland. The next spring, with two brothers, he purchased the present site of Albina. In1855 Mr. Proebstel was one of a party of independent scouts who figured in Clarke county during the Indian troubles of 1855-56, after which he removed to The Dalles, engaging in the grocery business, which he conducted eighteen months. In the fall of 1857 he bought a section of land six miles from Vancouver, and engaged in farming. In 1861 he married Miss Lucinda F. Nessly, who crossed the plains with her parents in 1852, and made her Oregon home at Scappoose. He removed to the Grande Ronde valley in the fall of 1863, and located a mile north of La Grande, where he has resided ever since, and now owns five hundred and twenty acres of land well improved and stocked. He made a specialty of stock-raising until the range was eaten out, varying the monotony by practicing dentistry. He has five children; and his present home is one indicative of refinement and happiness. His numerous friends are always entertained in true pioneer style. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 527 SAMUEL A. PURSEL. - Union county's list of business men comprises a wide awake and energetic class that has wrought well for the advancement of the county and among the number are some that have manifested extraordinary ability in financiering and in manipulating the resources of the county. One of this distinguished number is the gentleman, of whom we have the pleasure now to write, and his enterprise and industry have been well known for a third of a century in the walks of business life in this country, while his capabilities have been shown to be second to none in the enterprises that he has inaugurated and consummated. West Brownville, in the old Keystone state, is the place of his birth, which occurred in 1840. When ten years of age he was brought to Iowa, where his parents remained until the time of their death. When the call of patriotism sounded in his ear, he left the quiet walks of life and enlisted in Company K, of the Fourth Iowa, where he served with valor for about one year, then was honorably discharged and returned to the pursuits of industrial life. In 1872 he left the place of his youth and came to Union county, landing at Lagrande on the 1st of April. He at once saw an opening in the manufacture of lumber and was quick to take advantage of it, locating his first mill at a place designated by the laconic appellation of Stumptown, but now known as Perry. For five and one-half years he operated successfully here and then moved to Union and engaged in the lumber business at that point. He pushed the business with energy and wisdom and was exceedingly prosperous. He also added farming to the commercial efforts and now has a farm of eight hundred acres which produces handsome returns annually. Desiring more quiet, he has retired from the activities of his lumber business and confines himself to the farm, while he lives in the town of Union, having a beautiful residence. While in the business he was one of the most successful operators in the manufacture and sale of lumber in the county, being a pioneer in the industry and bringing to its manipulation both skill and enterprise. In 1866 Mr. Pursel was married to Miss Esther, daughter of John and Jenette McComas, natives of Ohio. By his integrity and sound principles Mr. Pursel has earned the esteem and confidence of all, and it is but true to say that in a generous measure he enjoys the same, and is highly respected by his fellow citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Pursel have raised three girls, Viola Bowman, wife of Rev. R.H. Parker; Cara and Sadie Carpenter, daughters of frank and Victoria Carpenter, deceased. Clara has taught in Union county, but is at the present time attending school at Monmouth. Sadie is attending the high school in Union. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 314, 315 WILLIAM W. RANDALL is one of the early pioneers of the country now embraced in Union county, and he has spent much of his life here, having gained a good distinction in two different lines. He is now one of the substantial agriculturists of the county, and in earlier days he spent many years in the calling of the educator with marked success. William W. was born in Indiana, on October 28, 1852, being the son of Abraham and Lucinda (Olophant) Randall. The family removed to Iowa in 1853, settling in Marshall county, where they were called to mourn the death of the mother. The father then removed to Jasper county and later married again. In April, 1863, they went thence across the plains with teams to the Grande Ronde valley, this country then being in Baker county. They experienced no special trouble on the plains with the Indians. Our subject led the quiet life of the farmer and stockman in this frontier country from August 23, the time of their landing, until 1878, when Senator Jasper, of Union county, appointed him to a scholarship in the Agricultural College at Corvallis. After completing his time of study at the college, Mr. Randall taught for thirteen successive years, and always with marked success. Then he went at the agricultural business in Union county and there he has been engaged since, achieving a good success. He came to Union county from his western stay in 1888. On January 27, 1884, Mr. Randall married Miss Dillie, daughter of William and Nancy (Jamieson) Hood, natives, respectively, of Pennsylvania and Missouri. Mrs. Randall was born in Grant county, Wisconsin. Her parents came from Grant county, Wisconsin, in 1880, and are now living in Montana. Mr. Randall has a quarter section of good land, the old homestead place of his father. It is well handled and has a good orchard and comfortable buildings. Mr. Randall is a member of the A.F.&A.M. and also of the chapter. He stands exceptionally well among his fellows, and he is justly entitled, on account of uprightness and integrity, to receive the esteem and confidence of his fellows which is generously bestowed. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 333, 334 MERRITT REYNOLDS. - It is ever a pleasure to chronicle the events in the life of a capable and progressive man, especially is this so when one like the subject of this sketch has demonstrated in a long life of worthy endeavor that the qualities possesed by him are enduring and have been exercised to the advantage of all, while he has continuity of purpose sufficient to hold steadily to one pursuit, and though he has a spirit of active aggression still he had continued in surer channels by a sagacity and conservative policy that have given their sure reward of worldly goods. Mr. Reynolds was born in Chautauqua, New York, on March 9, 1836, a farm being his birthplace, and he was one of a family of fifteen. When he was seven years of age his parents removed with him to Laporte county, Indiana, where he spent the years until manhood's estate. In this place he secured a good common-school education, utilizing the winters for that purpose, while the summers were spent in vigorous exercise on a farm formerly belonging to his father. At eighteen years of age he engaged himself for wages in the settlement and from that time until he was twenty-five he wrought in that capacity, and then bought a farm in Pottawattomie county, Iowa, and began operations as an agriculturist on his own account. He continued there, raising corn and hogs until 1875, then rented his estate and went to California. From that state he came to Lagrande in 1876. The first year was spent in the service of Joseph Palmer, as an engineer, our subject having learned that valuable trade in his younger days. Subsequent to this he rented a farm and tilled it and operated a dairy for five years. Then he sold his property in Iowa and bought a quarter-section, where he now resides, three miles east and one-half mile south from Lagrande. He made some extensive improvements on the farm, as setting out an orchard, erecting buildings, bringing up the cultivation of the land, and he is now possesed of an excellent farm, as good, perhaps, as any in the county of Union. He bought eight acres of land on Gray creek, but in 1884 he sold it. In 1861 Mr. Reynolds married Miss Mary A., daughter of Daniel M. and Melissa (Files) Wheeler, and to them have been born two children; James E., married to Lulu A. Childers and living in Lagrande: and Henry M., married to Mollie Silk and living in Lagrande. Mrs. Reynolds was born in Wayne county, Illinois, on February 16, 1842. Mr. Reynolds is a member of the Masonic fraternity and also of the Eastern Star, his wife also being identified with the latter order. Mr. Reynolds is an active participant in politics, being allied with the Democratic party and during his life he has always manifested much interest in this realm. Mrs. Reynolds is a member of the Church of Christ, and is a lady who manifests her faith by her works, showing a life of uprightness and sound principles. Mr. Reynolds is esteemed in the community in which he resides, and has ever shown a manly bearing, works of faithfulness and dealings in honesty, the result being that he is firmly established in the confidence of his fellows and is counted one of the most substantial citizens of the county. History Of Union And Wallowa Counties Oregon Historical Society Library Portland, Oregon R 979.16 Pages 425-426 Submitted by: Tom Childers. JOHN Q.A. RICHARDSON. - This gentleman, the oldest settler within ten miles of his present stock farm of four hundred and seventy acres in The Cove, Oregon, and a veteran of the Indian wars, was born in Illinois in 1839, and in 1851 crossed the plains in company with his parents. the father, Enoch Richardson, became a permanent citizen of Polk county, locating near Perrydale. During the journey on the plains the little party, being among the last of the season, sustained a fifteen hours' fight with the Snake Indians on Goose creek. In 1856 young Richardson enlisted with Captain Goff's company of Polk county volunteers, and was present in the big fight in the Walla Walla, in which Governor Stevens was conspicuous, and saw his comrade S. Kriggs fall with a mortal wound. In 1862 he was in the Salmon river mines, and the following autumn took up his claim at the then unoccupied north end of The Cove. He is there engaged in raising fine Durham cattle and blooded horses. He was married in 1879 to Miss C.E. Bault, and has a family of five children. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 536 JAMES H. RIGGS. - One of the capable and esteemed gentlemen of Union county is named at the head of this article and is deserving of representation in the history of his county, since he has labored here with assiduity and energy for the development of the county and its resources and has manifested meanwhile both ability, sagacity, and integrity in his endeavors, being one of the leading agriculturists of the county. Mr. Riggs was born in Roachdale, Lancashire, England, on December 18, 1837, being the son of Levi and Elizabeth (Standring) Riggs, natives also of England. The father was a manufacturer in England and the family came to this country in 1848, going to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, where they remained three years, then removed to Cincinnati, where the father continued until the date of his death. Our subject started for himself in 1859, crossing the plains to Utah and driving a freight team, and remaining in Cache county, Utah, until 1871, engaged in farming. Then he came to Union county, purchased a quarter-section on Pumpkin Ridge near Summerville, where he has engaged in farming since that time. In 1896 he turned this place over to his sons, remaining with them until 1897, when he moved to another place of one hundred and sixty acres two and one-half miles northeast from Elgin. The place where the sons are living contains four hundred acres, and this in addition to the farm where our subject is now residing form a portion of the estate. His present place is well improved, has a fine cottage dwelling, commodious barn and all the accessories to a first-class farm. On September 1, 1862, Mr. Riggs married Miss Martha, daughter of William and Sarah (Bernaghan) Hill, natives of Surrey, England, the wedding occurring in Salt Lake City, Utah. To this union there have been born the following children: James H., deceased; James Healy: George, deceased: Levi W., deceased: Charles S.: John: Celestia E., deceased: Martha Ann and Frank deceased. The four older children that have died are buried in Millville, Utah, and the other two are buried in the Summerville cemetery. Mrs. Riggs was called away by death on January 15, 1895, and she too, is sleeping in the Summerville cemetery. On March 3, 1897, Mr. Riggs was married a second time, the lady of his choice at this time being Maria (Olson) Aldred, a native of Denmark. Mrs. Riggs is the adopted daughter of Simion and Jane (Neilson) Molin, also natives of Denmark. Her wedding occurred in Cache county, Utah. By a former husband she has two children, William and Elsie A., living at home now. Mr. Riggs is a capable and highly respected citizen of our county and he enjoys the confidence of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 281, 282 Copyright 1902 GEORGE W. ROBERTSON GEORGE W. ROBERTSON- In the person of the subject of this sketch, we have exemplified the typical pioneer qualities that are so worthy of encomium, and that have done so much, for this country, practically making it what it is today, and our subject has spent a life of activity in the industries that develop and build up the country, while he has constantly displayed resources of ability and adaptability for the various positions of life that have held him in his career of varied and interesting achievements, manifesting as well, moral worth and a genial and kindly spirit throughout. George W. was born in Newton county, Missouri, on February 3, 1859, and two years later was brought by his parents across the plains by ox teams to Umatilla county, Oregon. In that place they remained until 1864, then came to Union county and the father bought the farm where our subject now resides, one mile south from Island City, and consisting of one quarter section. In the same year in which they came to the county, the father was called hence by death, leaving a widow and a little group of children in the frontier home. Our subject being the only boy, naturally muh of the burden fell upon him and he nobly wrought as his tender years would allow. In this place he gained his education, working summers and toiling over his books during the winter months. Three winters were spent this way, and precious times they were, fitting the boy for the duties of the man. Until he was twenty-one years of age our subject continued in occupation on the home place and then sought on the fields of life a place for himself. His first step, after arriving at the age of majority, was to select a good companion for his life journey, and he was distinguished in obtaining the first white girl born in the Grande Ronde valley for his wife, the lady being Miss Ada J. Furgason. Her parents, Alex and Jeanette I. (Dumell?) Furguson, were real pioneers to this section and their daughter was born at Island City, October 19, 1862. As stated before she was the first white girl and the second white child born in this valley. Following his marriage Mr. Robertson rented a farm and tilled the same until 1883, then sold out and removing to Montrose county, Colorado, engaged in the railroad for four months and then took charge of a freighting outfit for a transporter of goods to New Mexico, handling four outfits of twelve oxen each. Three years were spent in this arduous and wearing work and two more in overseeing a farm for his employer and then in 1892 he came back to Island City and rented his father-in-law's farm for four years, and then he had the pleasure of purchasing the farm that was owned by his father and where our subject had spent his childhood years. It is an excellent property, being one of the most fertile pieces of land in the valley, He has it all in excellent state of cultivation producing wheat principally. Mr. Robertson has also a goodly number of cattle and horses, his farm is well improved, and he has a fine orchard and comfortable buildings. To Mr. and Mrs. Robertson there have been born five children, as follows: Jesse L., Otis L., Zella A., Alex S. and Lena J., all living at home. Mr. Robertson is a member of the I.O.O.F. and is also interested in the political questions of the day, allying himself with the Republican party. He has ever displayed an upright course and is possessed of unswerving ingetrity and sound principles. mr. and Mrs. Robertson are worthy citizens of the county, valuable members of the community and noble and stanch persons, recieving the respect, esteem and confidence of all. Taken from "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties. " Pg 397. Under Union County. Copyright 1902 ASHER R. ROBINSON. - One of Union county's prosperous and substantial business men and agriculturists is found in the person of the subject of this sketch, who has wrought faithfully, here in the industrial world for forty years, during which time he has manifested wisdom and integrity that have given him the confidence of his fellows, and added to his enterprising spirit have enabled him to become one of the well-to-do men who have materially assisted in promoting the welfare of the county in these years of its formative existence, molding its institutions and assisting in its government. On July 27, 1829, Asher R. was born to Asher and Betsy (Worden) Robinson, in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, whence seven years later he was removed by his parents to Michigan, where the father pre-empted eighty acres and builded a home. The son assisted in tilling the farm and attended school until 1849; then his spirit was ready to take part in life's battle on his own account and he went to the famous pineriers of the Peninsular state, operating there until he was twenty-seven years of age. In 1856 he started on the long and dangerous trip via panama to the Pacific coast, landing in Sierra county, California, in due time, where he at once commenced to mine. Rather poor success attended his efforts in this line, and he turned toward the north, going to the Okanogan and Similikameen rivers, where he prospected for a time and then repaired to Walla Walla and operated a pack train to the mining camps of northern Idaho in partnership with Ed Payne. In October, 1862, he came to the Grande Ronde valley with his train, and at once took a government claim of one hundred and sixty acres, two miles from the present site of Cove. In stock raising and farming until 1885 he was occupied on this farm, adding more by purchase and going into partnership with Ed Payne. In 1885 he sold out and went into a livery stable in Cove, which he ran successfully for a time, and then retired from active business to enjoy the competence that his faithful and wise labor had provided for him. Mr. Robinson married Mrs. Sarah A. Burge, daughter of Dan and Anna Weaver, and a native of Kentucky, on July 9, 1865, and to them were born two children: Edward A., born June 5, 1866, now operating a drug store in Idaho; Rosetta, born April 12, 1869, and now the wife of David H. Layne, a merchant in Cove. Mrs. Robinson was called to pass the river of death on October 4, 1899, and since that time Mr. Robinson has been making his home with his daughter in Cove. He is respected and esteemed by all and is quietly passing the riper years of his long and worthy career in the proper enjoyment of that which his industry accumulated and in the midst of kind and stanch friends. It is of note that Mr. Robinson was the first settler on the east side of the valley. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 277, 278 Copyright 1902 JONAS L. ROE.- Mr. Roe was born at Huntington, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1852, and is the son of James Roe, a farmer and carpenter, and a captain in the state militia. In 1854 our subject removed with his parents to Iowa, and subsequently shared with them the returns of hard labor and sagacious investments. Being a bright boy, dividing his time between following the plow and attending school, and growing up a vigorous youth, he took a thorough course of study at the Kirksville, Missouri, State Normal school, and at the age of twenty-one began independent life as teacher in Iowa. Crossing the plains to Oregon in1880, he continued in the same public-spirited profession, and in 1883 anchored himself to the permanent interests of the country by purchasing a choice tract of land in the section known as the Sand Ridge, near Union, Oregon, a region justly celebrated for the production of wheat. There he has devoted himself exclusively to farming, having made a financial success of the undertaking, and has thereby provided his family a delightful home. He was married to Miss Lucy C. Cochran in 1875, and has a son and two daughters. Having ably filled local offices, he was in 1888 elected by the people of Union county to care for their political interests in the state legislature. In that capacity he has made an honorable record, and has extended his influence to adjoining counties. In 1889 he received an appointment as special agent of the general land-office, having been a great admirer and warm supporter of President Harrison in the late campaign. His canvass prior to that election was very ably conducted, and won for him the highest praise. He is no les esteemed for his kindness to the poor and unfortunate, and for his abundant private charities. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 539 WILLIAM ROTH. - Many of the most esteemed and thrifty citizens of our land have come from Germany, whence also came the subject of this sketch, and as is customary with that worthy race of people, Mr. Roth has ever displayed a talent for business and a vigor in prosecuting the same that have placed him among the heaviest property owners of the county, and as a leader in his line of industry, that of designer and builder, while also he has handled successfully a number of ventures in real estate and in the stock business that have resulted in handsome financial returns to their promoter. Mr. Roth was born in Baden, Germany on January 23, 1834, being the son of Anton and Marion (Busch) Roth, the father being a cooper. In his native land, William received his education and also learned much of the skill of handling tools, and when he had reached the age of eighteen, in company with three brothers, he immigrated to the United States, settling in Norwalk, Ohio, where he learned the carpenter and builder's trade, remaining there for four years. Thence he went to Dubuque, Iowa, where he wrought at his trade until 1864, when his adventurous spirit was stirred to action by the reports of the rich fields of the west, and in that year he came across the plains with four horse teams, landing in the Grande Ronde valley on November 18, 1864. He at once set to work at his trade in Union, and some of the finest buildings in the town, as the postoffice block, the bank building, and so forth, testify of his skill and vigor. During the years since that time he has acquired much valuable town property, and while engaged in the work of improving the county and building up its county seat, he was also buying and selling real estate in various portions of the county. In this way he was augmenting his wealth continually which manifested both his good judgement in selecting property and keen financiering in handling the same. While engaged in these occupations, he was also interested in raising stock in the county. In 1882 he bought a fine stock ranch on the Snake river, forty miles below Huntington, and gave the major portion of his time and attention to raising cattle and horses. His usual industry and close attention to business brought the desired results and he was prosperous in all of his endeavors. He continued in the prosecution of this industry until 1899, and then sold the entire property and took a trip to the Paris exposition. Since returning from that tour he has again resumed the cattle industry and his usual success is attending him. Politically, Mr. Roth has ever been active in the interests of good government, and his voice and efforts are always in favor of those principles which are for the advancement of the interests of all. He was a member of the first city council of Union, serving also a second term. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the I.O.O.F., Union Lodge, No. 39. Mr. Roth has always preferred the quieter joys of the celibate in contrast to the responsibilities attendant upon conjugal relations, and he is spending the golden years of his life in comfort and enjoyment of the portion that his ability and labors have accumulated. His residence is in Union, and there, as wherever he is known, he has the respect of the people and the esteem of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 347, 348 HERMAN ROTHCHILD. - Some of the leading mercantile and business establishments of Union county have been energized and built up largely by the new power infused into them from the later immigrants from the east, who brought with them from those centers of industry to these western points of distribution the sagacity, and successful methods of trade that have been learned by close and careful contact with keen competition and the wisest manipulators of finance and commerce. Among those who have made names for themselves and who have become established in the confidence of the people while they have built up establishments that are worthy of note in the business world is the gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph and who has both demonstrated excellent ability and manifested integrity in his career. Mr. Rothchild was born on July 11, 1858, in Nordstetten, in the Black Forest in Wurtemberg, Germany, being the son of Abraham and Hannah Rothchild. Until he was ten years of age he attended the public schools of his native place, and then entered the high school at Horb, where he studied until he was fifteen years old, and then went to the capital of Stuttgart, entering the employ of a wholesale house. In this capacity he remained until 1882, and then came direct to the United States, settling for a brief time in Kentucky, and then coming on to Pendleton, where he entered the employ of Rothchild & Bean, general merchants. In this capacity he remained until 1885, and then came to North Powder to take the business of a cousin who was sick and later died. He bought the interest left by the deceased and in partnership with Henry O. Gorham took up the management of the general merchandise establishment, which at that time was rather limited, being conducted in a small wooden building, and the settlers in the valley being scattered and few. The railroad had just been completed and with its advent the country began to be settled rapidly, and the upright treatment accorded his patrons won for Mr. Rothchild a trade and business that was second to none in his vicinity, and a steady and rapid growth was made in their business until at the present time they have a large stone store building, well stocked with all kinds of merchandise to meet the necessities of the trade of that vicinity, while they also have three large grain warehouses. Their trade is large and every increasing and their customers are found in every walk of the thrifty communities and adjacent to North Powder. Mr. Rothchild is a cousin of the late S. Ottenheimer, the pioneer merchant of Auburn, and later of Baker City. In politics our subject is allied with the Democrats. Fraternally he is a member of the I.O.O.F., Lodge No. 88, of North Powder, being past grand of that order and charter member, the lodge being established in January, 1887. He has also served several times as representative to the grande lodge. Mr. Rothchild is also a member of the W. of W., of North Powder, and of the Elks in Baker City. He is an active, enterprising citizen of broad mind and public spirit and stands high in the esteem and respect of his fellows, and is one of the leading and substantial men of the community and county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 284, 285 Copyright 1902 GEORGE W. RUCKMAN. - One of the men who have been in the front rank of progress and aiding the advancement of the interests of the county of Union, is mentined above, and it is right to remark that Mr. Ruckman has been a leader in several distinct ines of industry in the county, having made a record of success in each one that s enviable and gratifying, and it is a matter of compliment to the county that she is the possessor of one who has ability to manipulate in such worthy manner various industries, each one of which is sufficient achievement for a single individual to gain in order to receive the commendations of his fellows. George W. was born on April 2, 1848, in Wapello, Iowa, being the son of William and Mary (Miller) Ruckman, natives, respectively, of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and his father wrought at the blacksmith forge together with farming. Our subject was educated in the district schools of Iowa and devoted himself to assisting his father on the farm until he was twenty three years of age. In 1871 he crossed the plains to Oregon, using teams for the journey from Ogden, Utah, west, and landing in Walla Walla, Washington, on June 18, 1871, and worked for two and one-half months on a farm there, then came to the Grande Ronde valley, arriving here on September 4, 1871. He at once took up a half section of school land near the Methodist church, south, two and one-half miles from his present place, and remained there for one year, breaking up the sod and doing general farming. He then sold out and removed to his present place, which is two miles east from Alicel. He at first bought two hundred acres and took upgeneral farming and stock raising. To this land he has added betimes until he owns six hundred and eighty acres of good land in one body, which is all under cultivation, producing beets, alfalfa and the cereals. He also owns eighty acres of woodland west of Summerville. Mr. Ruckman is to be complimented on the lead he has taken in raising sugar beets, having been in that industry for four years and now contracts two hundred and eighty acres of that saccharine vegetable to the sugar plant. Mr. Ruckman also takes agreat interest in fine stock, making a specialty of mules, having imported from Virginia the finest jack in the county. He raises about fifteen mules each year. His interest is as great in good horses, having a well bred Hambeltonian stallion, and raising some good roadsters and also working animals among the former, he produced one that was sold toSenator Slater. Mr. Ruckman bought five full blood shorthorn animals from J.C. Combs, of Missouri, and has a fine herd of cattle. He raises good Poland China and Berkshire hogs. His farm is most skillfully handled and his orchard is one of the best in the county. He has trees three and five years old, and they are all in bearing at the present time, having three acres, each acre supporting one hundred trees. During the years of 1884-5-6, Mr. Ruckman did a business in agricultural implements in Island City for Knapp, Burrell, & Company and in 1888, he took up the milling business in partnership with Henry Ruhl, the firm being known s the Summerville Milling Company, and in addition to that, they handled grain and bough and sold stock, shipping to Montana, Washington and other points. In conjunction withthis, they did a packing business. Mr. Ruckman travels much on the road in the interest of these enterprises. The marriage of Mr. Ruckman an Miss Lucretia, daughter of Edward and Marguerette J. (McGuire) Neville, was celebrated on April 15, 1866, and they have become the parents of five children, as follows: William, farming in the valley; Jasper, a dentist at Union; Samuel, farming with father; Mary, wife of Dudley Peel; Hattie, going to school in Lagrande. Mrs. Ruckman's parents were early emigrants to California and in 1871 they came to Union county and opened up the first farm on Sand Ridge. Mr. Ruckman has always been active in politics and the district has profited much by his wisdom in school affairs. He is a member of the Masons, and a charter member of the I.O.O.F. lodge in Summerville. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 384, 385 Copyright 1902 ROBERT D. RUCKMAN. - Mr. Ruckman was born on a farm in Iowa in1843, and received a common-school education. at the age of twenty he leased a neighboring farm and conducted it till 1870, when he engaged in the mercantile business. In 1872 he crossed the plains to the Grande Ronde valley, Oregon, bringing with him a few fine horses. He purchased a farm on what is locally known as the Sand Ridge, and also secured and developed a band of cattle. In 1885 he enlarged his business by taking an interest in the Victor Roller Mills of Summerville, of which he is the present business manager. He resides with his family on his farm three miles southeast of Summerville, Oregon. besides other stock he keeps a handsome herd of imported thoroughbred shorthorn Durham cattle, a breed which is now the general favorite in the Pacific Northwest, and which commands almost fabulous prices. He owns over eight hundred acres of rich, level land, and in the parlance of this day is "well-to-do." In Iowa in 1866 he married Miss Emma S. Coen of Ohio. Their one son, Elbridge H. Ruckman, is now a resident of Union county. The mother died in 1867, when this son was four months old. In Union county in 1881 Mr. Ruckman married Mrs. Martha J. Mitchel, née Neville, a native of Iowa. He has borne an honorable part in public affairs, having been elected to the state legislature form Union county in 1876. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 Page 543 JAMES A. RUSSELL. - A well-known and esteemed member of the business world of Island City, where he operates a butchering establishment and also handles much stock, the subject of this article is deserving of representation in this volume, since he is not only now one of the prominent men of the county but has spent practically all of his life in this valley and has labored with zeal for the advancement of its interests. James A. was born on September 23, 1861, in Linesville, Iowa, being the son of Thomas J. and Savannah C. (Atha) Russell, who started the following spring to the western country, arriving in Lagrande in August of the same year. Mr. Russell was the first blacksmith in the valley, and he labored here for the building up of the country. Our subject was reared in the vicinity of Cove, receiving his education in the village schools there, studying until he was sixteen, and then commencing soon to teach, continuing for four terms in one district in High valley. At twenty years of age he took a course in Bishop Scott's academy, and when he was twenty-three years of age he took charge of a surveying outfit in the mountains for five months. The next year he was engaged to handle Dr. Hill's ranch of two hundred and forty acres, and continued in that capacity for three years, and then sold the ranch for the doctor and served as post-master at the Cove, in Cleveland's administration, for one year. Later he contracted on railroad construction until 1892, then started a butcher shop in Cove, operating the same until 1896, then sold and removed to Lagrande, where he opened a similar establishment which he sold one year later and removed to Island City, where he is at the present time running a first-class shop. He enjoys a good patronage, merited because of his uniform treatment of customers and business principles. Mr. Russell owns twenty acres between Lagrande and Island City, which he is improving with good orchard and fin buildings and intends to use as his home. In the town of Island City he owns his place of business and other property and also has a half interest in one hundred head of cattle, beside considerable other stock. In 1886 Mr. Russell married Miss Addie Whittemore, and four children have been born to them: Imogene E., Ruth C., James D.H., and Ralph W., all attending school. Mrs. Russell was born in Eugene, Oregon and was raised in Pendleton, receiving a good education and spending some time in teaching before she was married, also was one year as nurse in the Good Samaritan hospital in Portland. Mr. Russell is a member of the Masons and also of the M.W.A. and he is held in high respect by all who know him, being a man of uprightness and ability. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 299 NELSON SCHOONOVER. - It now becomes our pleasant privilege to outline the career of the enterprising and progressive citizen, whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has wrought in Union county for many years, ever being active for its upbuilding and advancement, while his wisdom and energy and ability have served in many instances for the good of his fellows. Mr. Schoonover has been occupied in many different lines of industry, but in them all he has never forgotten its labor for the town and county where his lot was cast, and to-day he stands as one of our most public-spiritied and broad-minded citizens, while his moral worth is commensurate with his other commendable activities and qualities. Our subject was born in Monroe county, Pennsylvania, on May 24, 1838, being the son of Samuel G. and Mary (Heller) Schoonover, farmers of that state. During his minority, he remained under the parental roof, obtaining a good education from the schools and also learning the miller's trade, but when he reached the age of nineteen, he migrated to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and there worked at his trade for a period of six years. In 1864, he crossed the plains with mule teams to northeastern Oregon and thence to idaho city, Idaho, where he engaged in placer mining for a time and then took up eaming from Umatilla Landing to Boise Basin mines and to Walla Walla. His first winter was spent near Walla Walla, and after that he entered the stock business, locating in Wallowa, and for about eight years subsequent to that time he carried the mail and operated a stage line between Union and Wallowa. At the time of the Joseph war, he sold out his entire stock interests and then bought a farm four miles from Union. To this he added from time to time until he owned one thousand acres, being occupied for ten years in general farming. Mr. schoonover has done much to introduce fine stock into the county, purchasing blooded animals and crossing with the herds that he brought from Texas, and his efforts have stimulated many others to this work, and the result is that Union county to-day has many head of excellent well-bred stock, all of which adds to the wealth of the county. Mr. Schoonover has bought and sold many farms, and at the present time he owns one-fourth interest in a quarter section and is interested in farming. In addition to this, Mr. Schoonover owns heavy interests in mining, the largest being in the Cornucopia districts. At the present time he is manager of the Union street and suburban railroad, which is a paying institution, and has prospered under his skillful direction. Mr. Schoonover and Miss Anna, daughter of P.D. and Anna (Robinson) Morrison, were married on March 19, 1876. Mrs. Schoonover's parents were natives of Scotland. Mr. Schoonover is identified with the Red Men, Lodge No. 22, of Union. He is one of the active and capable men, who are always on the lookout for the welfare of the county and town, and his uprightness and integrity have won for him hosts of friends, both in the county and other places, while he is esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 353 Copyright 1902 JAMES M. SELDER. - It is highly in accord with the defined province of our work that especial mention should be granted to such residents of our county as the esteemed gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, being as he is one of the most highly respected and progressive ctizens of the county, and one who was wrought for the advancement of its industrial wealth and progress with an intelligence and energy that are quite deserving of the generous approval of his fellows which has been accorded at various times and in various ways. The birth of James M. occured on February 14,1846, his parents being James G. and Eliza (Dexter) Selder, early pioneers to Indiana, the native state of our subject. The father was numbered with the prosperous farmers of that section, and also devoted much attention to the practice of medicine. In the district schools of his native place, our subject received a good training in the fundamental branches besides a find schooling form a sagacious father, who manifested excellent principles, inculcating them in the mind of his son. On February 13, 1865, the call of patriotism moved Mr. Selder to enlist in the One Hundred and Fifty-second Indians, being then eighteen years of age, and he did good military duty for some months, being honorably discharged on August 30,1865, at Charleston, West Virginia, having served under General Hancock in the vicinity of Richmond. Returning home after this worthy record in defense of his country, he entered school again, but was deterred from finishing the course planned, because of sickness contracted. Then he purchased forty acres in his native state and there wrought, clearing it up and erecting good buildings, all of which required twelve years, and during this time he had been producing corn, hogs, and wheat, and in 1879, he sold the property and started to the west. Rail transportation was secured as far as Kelton, Utah, and thence stage was utilized to the Grande Ronde valley. He purchased his present place in 1880 and moved on it on May 8, the estate being situated one and one-halfmiles southeast from Cove. The home place now consists of two hundred and eighty acres, one hundred and twenty-five of which are in cultivation. In addition, he owns two hundred and sixty-seven acres one-half mile southwest which is all pasture. Eight years after settling here he planted four acres to winter apples and in 1894 added seven acres more. Farming has received some of his attention, but to dairying he has devoted is energies mostly. From the start he paid intelligent interest to dairying and at the present time he is milking twenty-two cows, using the latest improved cream separators, for which he also acts as agent. Mr. Selder has always manifested great interest in the creamery business, being secretary and treasurer of the Cove Creamery Company, their plant being built in 1887. But in 1889, Mr. Selder found tha this private interests commanded his time and consequently he resigned this position. With his characteristic ability he has taken up the culture of fruit lately, having in addition to what we have mentioned, one thousand trees of the choicest varieties of cherries. His capabilities have been recognized in that he is president of the Cove Fruit Union. He is also president of the East Oregon Veteran Association of the G.A.R. andis past grand commander of the G.A.R. John A., Norris post. Mr. Selder has also given of his time and wisdom to the duties of school director. On May 15, 1866, Mr. Selder married Miss Emeline B., daughter of Lorenzo and Maria (Goodspeed) Corpe, and they ahve become the parents of nine children, as follows: Della wife of Siegal Coffman, near the home place: Dora B., in Portland: Elsa, now Mrs. Gossett, in California: Wilber, died May 4, 1901: while those at home are Eugene, Glenn, Vernon, Lois, and Valma. It is of note that Mr. Selder's great-grandfather on the mother's side was in the Boston "Tea Party" and his ancestors on the father's side came over in the Mayflower. Mr. Seler is one of the prominent men of the county, and the imposing residnece, commodious barns and substantial outbuildings which make up his attractive rural home, bespeak his taste and enterprise. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 455,456 Copyright 1902 JONAS H. SHAMBAUGH. Deceased, was one of the thrifty stockmen and agriculturists that materially assisted in the subjugation of the wilds of Union county and one, too, who wrought with such excellent skill and wisdom in his effots that unbounded success attended him, while his broad public spirit and capabilities were manifested in his labors for the good of the county and its development, while his unquestioned integrity and uprightness were conducive to great good to his associates in the lofty examples that were characteristic of his personality. In the historic Shenandoah Jonas H. was brought into this life, his parents being natives of Virginia, also,and January 13, 1830, the happy day their son was born. At the end of his first decade in this pilgrim way he accompanied his parents to Shelby county, Missouri, and there fortified himself for the conflicts of life by a good education from the public schools. It was in the famous yeear of 1849 that he started across the plains to the mecca of the west, the gold fields of California, there spending seven years in active effort in the mining industry and also in the prosecution of the grocery business. At the close of that period he returned to Missouri and immediately engaged in operating a hardware store, where for six years he labored with ability and enterprise. Eighteen hundred and sixty-five marks the date when he again turned from the ways of the east and sought the west, crossing the plains with teams, with the intent to settling in the Willamette valley. The fertility and beauty of the Grande Ronde valley attracted his attention and he turned aside from his original purpose to purchase a quarter section of fertile land where his home place is now situated, six miles southeast from Lagrande. He also located a homestead and by purchase increased his holdings to seven hundred acres of good land, being largely used for meadow purposes. He was numbered with the leading stockmen and farmers of Union county, and prosperity and success attended him constantly. The marriage of Mr. Shambaugh and Miss Lucy E., daughter of William and Mary McDaniel, natives of Virginia, and merchants of that state, was solemnized on January 18,1860, and tow children have been born, namely: Edgar, living at home: and Mary, who died in 1893. Mr Shambaugh was activley interested in the political welfare of the county and for one term he served as deputy sheriff, which in general progress he manifested a deep interest. During Cleveland's first administration Mr. Shambaugh was appointed postmaster of Lagrande and although he fulfilled the duties in a becoming manner, nevertheless, his health failed and he was obliged to resign the office. Once he was nominated for sheriff, but did not receive the election. In June, 1900, the angel of death called this good man hence andd he departed to the realities of another world, being sincerely mourned by all. His widow is assuming the burdens added by this sad event in a becoming manner, being a capable and gracious woman beloved by all. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 452,453 Copyright 1902 ISSAC SHAFER. - The venerable pioneer and estimable citizen of whom we now have the privilege to speak, is eminently worthy of a place in this volume of chronicles of Union county, since he has always maintained a high sense of honor, displaying stanch qualities of worth and courage, and since he gave himself to assist in establishing firmer the government in the times of dark fratricidal strife, and since he has wrought with a strong hand and good wisdom in these regions for the opening of the country and the development of the same, being untarnished in reputation and upright and worthy in character. Mr. Shafer was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, December 4, 1836, being the son of John B. Shafer, the latter being born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The farm was the home of our subject, and he attended the county schools in his native place until he was twelve years of age, and then was taken by his father to Washington county, Wisconsin, the year being 1848. There the son finished his education in the public schools and remained a member of the parental household until he was twenty years of age. At that age he started in life for himself, going first to Janesville, Wisconsin, and taking up the stone mason's trade, together with plastering. Two years were spent there and then he repaired to St. Joe, working there at his trade for three years. In 1861, when the call came for men, stanch and true, to stand for the Union and assist in putting down rebellion's minions as well as to assist in protecting our western frontiers, our subject went to Omaha, Nebraska, and enrolled his name on the list. He accepted in Captain Crofford's company and was one of the first escorts that came across the plains to Walla Walla. Arriving here, the Indians not being as bad as was expected, he received honorable discharge, and his attention was then turned to the pursuits of private life. Florence was then in her palmy days and thither went our subject searching for treasures of the soil; not being successful, however, he went to teaming, continuing at this remunerative employment until 1868. In that year he was in shape to purchase land and secured a quarter section from the state and went at once to subduing it. He gave some attention to raising stock, and soon after purchased another one hundred and sixty acres of land. This last place is where he now resides, being three-fourths of a mile north from Island City. He handles his estate in a manner becoming good husbandry, and abundant crops are annually his reward. He has a fine orchard, and ships several hundred boxes each season. His buildings are commodious and comfortable. In 1874 Mr. Shafer married Miss Emma J. Hotchkiss, whose parents, Corless F. and Rebecca (Miles) Hotchkiss, reside in Carthage, Missouri. To our subject and his estimable wife, there have been born seven children, as follows: Allie M., wife of William Pearson, of Wallowa valley; Frederick C., married to Vena Booth and living in Wallowa; Minnie A., wife of Barney Oldenburg, living in Lagrande; Margaret A.; Isaac M.,; Clara J.; Oscar, deceased. Mr. Shafer is a man that has always stood for progression and advancement and has toiled faithfully for that end, giving proper attention to the matters of politics and demeaning himself in a becoming manner to an intelligent, upright and capable citizen. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 434, 435 Copyright 1902 JOSEPH SHOEMAKER, Deceased. - To the substantial and industrious citizen whose name initiates this paragraph we are pleased to grant this review of his life's career as a memoir to his faithfulness and integrity, while he was employed in the upbuilding and advancement of the interests of his chosen county. He was a man of good ability and possessed of a moral worth which made him one of the highly respected members of society. He was born in Wayne county, Ohio, on March 31, 1834, being the son of John and Susan Shoemaker. The father was a Dunkard preacher and lived on a farm, while our subject after being educated in the schools of his native place entered a blacksmith shop and there learned that leading trade. He followed this trade at his home, with one and one-half years in the state of Iowa, until 1870, and then came to Oregon, arriving here on June 20, 1870. He at once opened a shop in Cove, operating there for two or three years, and then bought three hundred and sixty acres of land two and one-half miles north of Cove, where his widow and son reside at the present time. For three years he stayed on the farm tilling the soil and then removed to Union and engaged in the shop again, when he returned to the farm in 1877 and there remained until the messenger of death came to call him hence, on March 25, 1878. His death was lamented by all and the county lost a valuable citizen. During the Civil war Mr. Shoemaker served for nine months in the cause of his country and then received his honorable discharge on account of sickness. The marriage of Mr. Shoemaker and Miss Cinderella, daughter of William and Mary Johnson, was celebrated in Wooster, Ohio. To them were born eight children. Two daughters and one son preceded him to the other world. Four daughters, who are married, and one son, William Shoemaker, who runs the home place, survive the father. It is quite in place to make mention of Mr. William Shoemaker in this connection and we note that he was born in Holmes county, Ohio. He is now operating the home farm, as mentioned above, and has about two hundred acres in cultivation, milks twenty cows, selling the milk to the creamery near by, and handles considerable other stock, as horses and hogs. Fraternally he is a member of the Cove Lodge, No. 52, I.O.O.F., and of the Grande Ronde Tent, No. 30, Maccabees. Mr. Shoemaker was married on May 2, 1886, to Miss Hulda Williams, daughter of Peter and Susan, early pioneers to Douglas county, this state. Two children were born to gladden this union, one boy and one girl. On December 20, 1893, the wife was called to the realities of another world and the little family group was again in mourning. Mr. Shoemaker is one of the most prosperous and progressive agriculturists of this section and he is secure in the esteem and respect of the entire community. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 378, 379 This is part of Jack Hillman's Family LEWIS SNYDER. - How many of the thriftiest and most enterprising of our leading citizens have been born in Germany, and having torn themselves from the ties that bound them to native land and friends, have chosen this land as their abiding place! They are a class of which we may well be proud, and among their numbers we are led to mention the esteemed and substantial citizen, whose name is at the head of this article, who was one of the early pioneers of Union county and wrought here for many years while it was still a wild country, displaying that energy, stability, pluck, and capability that will never be satisfied without winning the best of success. In Gressen, Germany, Lewis Snyder was born on February 16,1846, and until he was fourteen years of age lived there on a farm. He was privileged to attend the village school, and so had exceptional advantages for a good education, which are well improved. At the age mentioned he separated from the parental roof and came to the United States, settling in Warsaw, Illinois, and went to work on a farm for one year. At the expiration of this time he bound himself to a farmer for three years, that time being completed when he was eighteen years of age. Then, it being 1864, he was desirous of coming to the west, and as his old employer was about to make the trip, they traveled together, as far as Montana, then our subject turned toward Virginia City, where he fell in with an acquaintance from Illinois, and together they determined to visit the Grande Ronde valley, and arrived here in September of the same year. He at once went to work for Mechum Brothers, who were building a road over the Blue Mountains, and for three years he continued with them. Following that long service, he went to freighting from Umatilla Landing to Idaho, Silver and Boise cities, operating for another man. In January, 1870, he bought an outfit for himself and operated on his own account. Two years later he took a homestead, and was there during the time that he was not occupied with freighting, and in seven years he proved up and tilled it until 1883, when he bought two hundred and fifteen acres where he now resides, two miles east of one-half mile south from Island City. He immediately improved his newly acquired farm with good buildings, and has handled it in a skillful manner during the years subsequent thereto. He is occupied in raising the fruits of the field and in rearing stock, and owing to his wise management, care of details, and steady devotion to business, he ahs been crowned with abundant success. Mr. Snyder's home is a picture of comfort and taste and his farm is one of the best kept in the county. He has a small orchard of mixed fruits. In 1891 Mr. Snyder married Mrs. May E. Rochester, daughter of Granville e. and Rhoda (Ellis) Ashmead, residents of Oasis, Idaho. To this happy union there have been born two children: Georganna Rochester and Dora Louisa. Mrs. Snyder was born in Fremont, Iowa. Our subject has always taken the part of the intelligent citizen in politics, and is allied with the Democratic party while in church relations he is a member of the Lutheran denomination and his life is marked by uprightness, and his characteristics have always been industry, probity, integrity and sound principles. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 325, 326 R.M. SOUTH. - It is quite within the province of the compendium to grant representation to the esteemed gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, since he is really one of the builders of our county, since he has manifested a personality of uprightness and commensurate ability in all his ways, since also he was one of those brave men who pledged their lives to sustain the honor of the stars and stripes to retrieve from insult its glory, and preserve intact the institution of freedom when the minions of treason and rebellion plied their nefarious trade of destruction to all things sacred in the late Rebellion. On December 10, 1841, in Hocking county, Ohio, our subject was born to Samuel and Roxy (Mosier) South, who removed with their son to Mercer county, in the same state, and thence in 1856 to Guthrie county, Iowa. In these various places the son was educated in the public schools and until 1861he remained with his parents; then in October of that year he enlisted in Company L., Fourth Iowa Cavalry, under General Curtis, being in what was known as the "lost army." The event that caused this appellation to be given these troops occurred in the beginning of his career, and later came the many skirmishes and battles in which Mr. South participated with display of courage and valor and faithfulness that have rightly given to him the hoonor of being one of his country's defenders and a son upon whom Columbia could depend in the dark hour of danger. At one time he was in the advance guard which ran into an ambush of the enemy, and some of his number were killed and he was wounded in the ankle and others were saved only by the timely arrival of the main body of the troops. Six months of weary and painful existence in the hospital followed this event and then he again took his place, serving until the expiration of his enlistment, which occurred in December, 1865, being at that time honorably discharged. Returning to his home in Guthrie county, Iowa, he was married to Miss Emma, daughter of Peter and Martha (Staton) Van Devanter, on October 12, 1866. They remained there, toiling on a farm for the fruits of the field until June 1875, and then came by rail to Ogden, and thence by team to the Grande Ronde valley, arriving here on the second day of August and locating on his present place, four miles north from Medical Springs. Here he has a fine farm of two hundred and twenty acres, well improved with comfortable house, commodious barn and good orchard, while the land is tilled in excellent manner, producing abundant crops of hay for stock. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born five children: Ida A., wife of Elza Van Devanter, of Cornwall, Idaho; Ella, wife of Sanford Shaw, near Medical springs; George W., married to Lucinda Jackson, operating a store and being the postmaster at Medical Springs; David F.; Lillie, wife of Ed Fickle, near Union. Mr. South is a member of the G.A.R., Preston Post. No. 18, of Union, being also past commander. Mr. South's parents came here from Iowa in 1878, settling on an adjoining farm to his, and there the father died in 1901, being in his ninety-third year. The mother still lives on the home place being also in her ninety-third year. Mrs. South's father died in 1862, and her mother came west with Mr. and Mrs. South, and here she died in October, 1900, being at that time in her seventy-eighth year. Mr. South is a man who deserves and receives generously the confidence of his fellows and his ability and stanch moral qualities have led him to hold a prominent place in the county, and it may be truly said of him that he adorns the position which he holds. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 341, 342 Copyright 1902 JAMES H. STANDLEY. - Numbered with that sturdy class of pioneers who opened up the county for the settlement of their fellows while they wrought out for themselves homes and names in its annals must, to be consistent, be numbered the enterprising and progressive agriculturist and stockman, of whom we have now the pleasure to write, and who is familiar to the older settlers of the county as well as favorably known, while his faithful labors for many years have accomplished much for the development of the resources of Union county, and have given him the meed of the industrious, wise and thrifty sons fo the country. Mr. Standley was born in Scotland county,Missouri, on March 7, 1843, to Jeremiah and Mary (Wilson) Standley, natives respectively of England and Ireland. In his native county our subject was educated and in 1864, in company with his parents, two brothers and one sister, crossed the plains to the Grande Ronde valley, locating in the western part and taking up stockraising and general farming. He remained with his parents until 1870. The mother was called by death to depart hence, in 1873, and one decade later the father went over the same journey. In 1870 our subject took up his present place, which is situated two and one-fourth miles west from Alicel, securing a quarter section at first and adding since by purchase until his farm contains two hundrednad forty acres of good land, besides forty acres of timber land. His farm is all cultivated and well kept. For over thirty years Mr.Standley has wrought steadily on this land and the general air of thrift and care that are apparent everywhere show him to be the careful and wise husbandman. He has excellent improvements, among which are a good orchard, outbuildings and an elegant residence of nine rooms, tasty and up to date. Mr. Standley has good cattle and horses and everything combines to proclaim him one of the leading agriculturists of the country, as well as one of its prominent citizens. The marriage of Mr. Standley and Miss Christina, daughter of Angus and Elizabeth Shaw, pioneers of this county in 1863, was solemnized on March 18, 1869, and they have become the parents of three children, as follows: Mary Elizabeth, wife of Frank McAllister; Rosetta, wife of Van E. Long; Louie, married and farming in the valley.Mr. Standley has given his wisdom to the public in the capacity of road supervisor and director of schools in his district, and ever takes the part of the intelligent citizen in political matters. He has had much experience in the early struggles among the pioneers to open up this section and develop the cou8nty, and faithfulness marked his efforts always. In 1865 he went to the Bannock mines, remaining for a short time. While there he paid thrity-three dollars for a sack of flour. His father was also a pioneer to California in 1849. For some time in the early days Mr. Standley wrought in the life of the freighter, thus passing many experiences in both hardhips and genuine life of the frontiersman, and it is with pleasure that we see to-day,one of the early workers in this realm now quietly enjoying the fruits of his labor in this land whre he toiled so well to bring in civilization's comforts, while also he is esteemed and beloved by all. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 445,446 Copyright 1902 JASPER G. STEVENS. - Substantial, prosperous, capable, and esteemed by his fellows, the gentlman, whose name initiates this article, is one who has wrought here in the business world of Union for a goodly number of years, and is well established as one of the leading business men of Cove, where he operates a fine drug store, being also entrusted with the responsibilities of the postoffice of the town. Born in the Webfoot State, he cast his lot beneath its stars and has been educated and is acquiring and has achieved his success here, and to-day he holds an enviable position in the community which is fully merited by the capabilities and integrity that he constantly manifests. Our subject is the son of Mark and Frances (Clark) Stevens, being born on July 1, 1857, in Yam Hill county, Oregon. His father was a merchant of Eugene and was one of the early pioneers, who crossed the plains in 1850. Jasper G. received is early education in the public schools, and when the state university was founded at Eugene, he matriculated there and for four years he was assiduously laboring for mental discipline nad the acquisition of knowledge. Receiving his degree from the university, he spent six years in steady work in a drug store in Eugene, and then came to this county, settling in Cove where he opened a drug store for himself. continuously since that time he has been occupied in dispensing goods over his counters to supply the wants of his many customers, while his patronage has steadily increased to a large and lucrative trade, which he enjoys at the present time. The office of the postmaster has been in his hands continuously since his settlement here, with the exception of one year, when James A. Russell, of Island City, was the incumbent. In all these years of public service, Mr. Stevens has displayed a stanch adherence to principle and a faithfulness in caring for all details as well as the alrger parts of the business, together with kindness and deferential treatment of his fellows that have won for him the high regard and commendation of his patrons and the public at large. Mr. Stevens carries a large and complete stock of drugs, sporting goods, and stationery, which amply accomodates the neads of his large list of customers, and his place is an up-to-date drug store, handling with business principles and accuracy that merit the generous attention and trade that he enjoys. His associates have kept him in the office of school clerk and other capacities much of the time, and he has been notary public for eight years. The marriage of Mr. Stevens and Miss Minnie G., daughter of B.J. and Sarah (Parberry) Shaw, of Sedalia, Missouri, was consummated in 1889, and they have become the parents of two children: Willie, eleven years of age, and Jean, three years old. The father of our subject was city treasurer of Eugene, Oregon, for a good many years, and always enjoyed the entire confidence of the people. Mr. Stevens has acquired the sure and substantial rewards of industry and wise manipulation of business and is to-day one of the men of means of the county and enjoys the respect and good will of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 380,381 Copyright 1902 GEN. JOHN H. STEVENS. - This hero of a hundred Western adventures, and a pioneer of the great Inland Empire, was born on a town line in Windham county, Vermont. The son of Asa Stevens, a miller and farmer, he learned to use his hands and brain in practical affairs, and at the village school obtained a good working education. In his youth he followed business in Boston, and was engaged in lumbering in Pennsylvania. In 1832 he came west to Michigan, and at Coldwater, Branch county, kept a hotel, advancing his business also by taking mail contracts, and in such early ventures as the conditions of life in the Wolverine state afforded at that early day. He became a colonel in the state militia, and succeeded also to a generalship. Eight years he served as sheriff of Branch county, and during that time made many notable arrests. In 1852 he prepared for the journey to Oregon, rigging up a large team of mules and horses, and with his daughter Mary C., who subsequently became the wife of the famous lawyer of Eugene, Oregon, Stukeley Ellsworth, and with thirteen young men, among whom was Green Arnold, now of LaGrande, made the journey across the plains. Although in the midst of the pestilential cholera, he lost but one man. He made a speedy trip, covering the distance from the Missouri to the Willamette in four months. In our virgin territory of thirty-seven years ago he undertook business as hotel-keeper in company with Green Arnold, and as successor of W.H. Rees at Champoeg. He dug gold in the early days at Shelly gulch in Josephine county. His services were also sought in the legislative halls; and he helped our young state to effect its entrance into the Union. He heard the drum-beat and lively shots of the volunteers to the Yakima war, and together with his son John joined their company to establish the white man's supremacy. His arduous task in that service was caring for the stock of the column; and after the war he was assigned the task of selling at public auction all the stock, wagons, effects and accoutrements of the volunteers, - a six days' labor. Returning to his farm near Silverton, he contented himself with agriculture and stock-raising, until in 1862 the reports of gold mines in Eastern Oregon drew him to the Grande Ronde valley. At the promising city of La Grande he made his home, and became one of its most energetic citizens. He was landlord there during the days of gold dust. As his means accumulated, he invested his surplus in three hundred and twenty acres of land on Clover creek, near North Powder, Union county, and there resides amid all the comforts and refinements of the successful Eastern Oregon ranch, having large herds of cattle, and much other livestock. He holds a leading place in the public affairs, and in the confidence of his community, - a venerable and noble old gentleman. He was married firstly in 1830 to Miss Mary Adams of Pennsylvania, by whom he had two children. Her death occurring three years later, he was married secondly to Miss Harriet M. Pierce of Michigan, by whom he has had five children. He has six grandchildren and five great-grandchildren living in the West. Page 580 History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 WILLIAM M. STOKER. - Among the enterprising and industrious stockmen and agriculturists who have been successful in their endeavors in Union county we are constrained to mention the gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, and who is to-day one of the leaders in his line in the county. A man of good executive ability, with qualities of determination and stability, he has met the forces of the business world and there demonstrated his capabilities in a winning manner that has given him the competence of the prosperous, as well as the favor and esteem of his fellows. In Jackson county, Ohio, on July 10, 1844, William M. was born to Michael and Martha (Carr) Stoker. While yet an infant his parents removed with him to Missouri, thence to Illinois, and from there to Iowa in 1846. In 1860 our subject went to Colorado and there engaged with the Clark Brothers, large freighters from Omaha to Denver, in the capacity of wagon master in an ox train, and he remained in this position for eight years. After the expiration of this time he was in the same capacity with Bostell & Metts, who operated in the same country. From here he returned to Iowa and fitted up a team and made the journey to Utah. For three years he lived on the Provo river, giving his attention to farming. He then returned to Iowa and remained for one year and started for the west once more, this time expecting to complete his journey on Puget Sound. He was fortunate enough to take the course that brought him through the fertile valleys of Union county, and he made the wise choice of at once settling on a quarter section of government land near where he lives at the present time. He secured title through the pre-emption act and after spending some time in improving and tilling the place he sold it to Sam Purcell and took a homestead where he lives now, which is eight miles east from Union on Catherine creek. He added one quarter section more by purchase and then commenced the battle of life without a dollar for working capital. Like the illustrious rail splitter of other days, he shouldered his ax and went to the woods and cut cordwood and split rails to gain sufficient funds to start with. His energy and skill and pluck were equal to the task and he soon began to gain rapidly and success attended his efforts constantly. He has now two hundred acres fenced and cultivates eighty acres. He raises annually fifty tons of good timothy hay, besides, cereals, and has one acre in good fruit. Mr. Stoker takes great interest in good stock. He has fine horses and some excellent specimens of Jersey cattle, and he is raising a number of first-class mules. He is one of the skillful and enterprising men of the county, and is a devotee of thrift and care in all of his undertakings. Mr. Stoker is not solicitious of political preferment, but is deeply interested in the affairs of the government to the extent of having capable and faithful men at the helm. His fellows have requested him to act as road supervisor, which he has done with faithfulness and efficiency. On January 1, 1866, Mr. Stoker and Mrs. Cora O. Robbins were joined in the holy bonds of matrimony. Mrs. Stoker's former husband, Tom Robbins, died in Denver in 1865, and she has one son by that marriage, Charles Robbins, who is now married and lives in Union, being employed with the telephone company. Mr. Stoker is one of the wide-awake and up-to-date men of the county and has ever manifested stanch integrity and commendable sagacity and enterprise in all of his undertakings and has been a potent factor in the promotion of the welfare of all and the interests of the county. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 262, 263 Copyright 1902 JOHN STOTTS. - While many have wrought faithfully and well in forwarding the interests of our county and in developing the resources that nature has lavishly bestowed here, there has none, doubtless, been more faithful and enterprising and steady in the prosecution of the industry that his hand found to do than the venerable pioneer, esteemed citizen and genial gentleman whose life's history we now endeavor to chronicle in brief outline. Mr. Stotts has been well and favorably known here for over one-third of a century and is to-day beloved and cherished by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. On January 23, 1826, Mr. Stotts was born in Adair county, Kentucky, and the years of his minority were spent in the faithful service of his parents on their farm, and when he was twenty-two years of age he began action for himself on the plane of life's battlefield. In the spring of 1850 he went to Missouri, taking a ranch in the southwest part of Spring River county and to the cultivation and improvement of this land he bent his energies for fourteen years and then sold it and with ox teams crossed the plains to Lagrande, landing here in the summer of 1864. He stopped in what was known as the old town, where he remained till 1883, doing a general cabinet-making business, having learned this trade in his younger years. At the date last mentioned he moved to his present beautiful home in the town of Lagrande .He owns two acres and has it most excellently cultivated and improved. He gives his attention to gardening and raising an orchard, having some fine trees. Mr. Stotts is diligent in the prosecution of his labor and has made his place a veritable garden in every respect. He has a comfortable and tasty home, and in company with his faithful wife is passing quietly, in enjoyment of his portion, the golden years of his life and is beloved and highly respected by all. Mr. Stotts and Miss Elizabeth Dahoney, a native of Kentucky, were married in 1848, and they have been blessed by the birth of the following children: Nancy J., James, Pamelia, Janie, deceased; and Fanny. Mr. Stotts has always been a prominent member of the Methodist church since his residence in this part, and his life of uprightness and exemplification of the sterling principles and beautiful virtues of the Savior of mankind has been a light and encouragement to many on the pilgrim journey. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 360, 361 HENRY C. SUSEWIND. - As proprietor of one of the most popular and up-to-date hostelries of our county, the Centennial hotel of Union, the esteemed subject of this sketch is not only well and favorably known in the county and the adjacent territories, but is familiar to the traveling public and a favorite as well wherever he is known, always displaying amiability and a genial spirit and broad views on public questions that is the leading spirit of the day, while in the manipulation of his business affairs he is equal to the best and exceeded by none in the care that he bestows upon his guests and in the management of his fine hotel, while also he handles other and large interests in the business world. Mr. Susewind was born in Monroe county, Illinois on January 13, 1865, being the son of William and Solphia (Hartman) Susewind. When but a child of two years he had the sad misfortune to lose both of his parents, and his days were then spent in the home of his uncle, Henry Susewind, until he was eighteen years of age. During these years he attended the public school and also for a time the Christian College at Waterloo, Illinois. Then he went to work for the government near Greenville, Mississippi, in the improvement of the river. In 1884 he entered the employ of a large wholesale and retail grocery establishment in St. Louis, continuing there until 1887., when he took up work at the soda factor at Waterloo, Illinois, and in this he was engaged until 1892. During this time he purchased a farm of three hundred and five acres in Monroe county, Illinois, in company with this uncle, Henry Susewind. In 1895 he sold his interest. It was in 1892 that he came to Portland, passing through Union en route. He was taken with the surroundings and resources of this country and accordingly, in July of the same year, he returned to Union and negotiated the purchase of the property that he now owns and operates. Since the purchase of the Centennial hotel he has continued in the successful operation of it and to-day he enjoys the confidence of the traveling public and the patronage that is his to handle is large and lucrative and constantly increasing. On August 23, 1898, Mr. Susewind married Miss Barbara, a native of Dubuque, Iowa, and the daughter of John and Katie Reuter, residents of Dubuque. This union has been blessed with the following children: Nicholas H., born in Union, Oregon, on September 10(?), 1800; Fred H., born in Dubuque October 27, 1901. Mr. Susewind is active in the mining industry and is heavily interested in the Cornucopia section, being president of the Elk Creek Gold Mining Company, their properties being located in the Granite mining district, formerly in Union county, but now in Baker. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 267, 268 Copyright 1902 JOHN F. SUTHERLAND. - The apable and inteligent gentleman whose name is at the head of this article is granted space for an epitome of his life's career in this volume since he has long been a resident of this county and has displayed while here commendable integrity, coupled with excellent ability, and has wrought faithfully in all the undertakings that have come to his hand. In Franklin county, Arkansas, on June 20, 1868, John F. was born to James M. and Sarah (Woods) Sutherland. The father served as a scout for the Union army in Arkansas during the war of the Rebelion. In 1872 the family came across the plains to the Grande Ronde valley using ox teams for the conveyancing purposes. Twenty wagons formed the train and while some trouble was experienced with the Indians no one of the immigrants was killed. Seven months were consumed on journey, and when here the father entered land near Summerville. In 1881 they removed to Swamp creek in Wallowa county. When he had arrived at sufficient age our subject took two trips with horses to Dakota, consuming six months in each trip, while also he made one trip to Nebraska for the same purpose, being in the employ of John McCaw. In 1890 his parents removed from Wallowa county to High valley, near Union, where they reside at the present time. In the same year our subject came to Medical Springs and in 1893 entered land where he resides at the present time, one-fourth of a mile north of that town. He devotes his attention to general farming and raising stock. The marriage of Mr. Sutherland and Miss Martha E., daughter of Enoch and Sarah (Van Devanter) South, was solemnized on February 6, 1891, and three children have been born to them to gladden the home. Laura A., Chester F., and Olan. Mrs. Sutherland's mother died on October 20, 1901, and her father is a resident of Uion county. Mr. Sutherland is a member of the M.W. of A., Camp No. 9462, of Medical Springs. In political alliances he is with the Republican party and is central comitteeman for his precinct, and is now also serving his sixth year as constable of this precinct, and is deputy sheriff of the county. He is a man of ability and vigor and his labors in the county have always been for advancement and progress, while he is one of the valuable citizens now and highly esteemed by his fellows, and one of the substantial men of the county. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 407 Copyright 1902 William Swiger, a farmer and dairyman of Union county, has been actively identified with agricultural interests in this state for almost a quarter of a century and has won a gratifying measure of success in this connection. His birth occurred in Sarpy county, Nebraska, on the 10th of October, 1860, his parents being Nathan and Polly (Wilkinson) Swiger. The father was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, on the 6th of January, 1830, while the mother was a native of Jackson county, that state. John Swiger, the paternal grandfather of our subject, removed from Pennsylvania to Ohio in early manhood, settling in Muskingum county of the latter state. Subsequently he took up his abode in Illinois, where he spent the remainder of his life, passing away in La Salle county about 1850. Nathan Swiger, the father of William Swiger, was married in Illinois and in 1858 or 1859 removed to Nebraska, locating in Richardson county, where he remained until 1864. In that year he joined a party journeying westward with ox teams, and all along the road others fell in with the train, some being bound for Montana. They experienced no trouble with the Indians, and Mr. Swiger eventually reached the Grande Ronde valley, where he remained until 1865. In that year he removed to the Willamette valley, where he continued to reside until the fall of 1869, when he returned to the Grande Ronde valley and located in High valley, Union county. There he made his home until the spring of 1889, when he sold out to his son, William, and purchased property from H. P. Stewart on Little creek, three miles east of Union, where he spent the remainder of his life, passing away in May, 1890. Throughout his active business career he had been successfully engaged in the pursuits of stock raising and farming. Unto him and his wife were born seven children, four of whom still survive. William Swiger, who was the fourth in order of birth in his father’s family, spent his boyhood days in the Willamette and Grande Ronde valleys. In 1889, when a young man of twenty-nine years, he started out as an agriculturist on his own account. At the time of the division of the home farm, comprising nearly six hundred acres, the homestead fell to his share. The creek and two small branches run through the property, so that the land is well supplied with water. Mr. Swiger gave his attention principally to stock-raising during his earlier business career but has recently taken up dairying, which is proving a profitable source of income to him. Mr. Swiger has been twice married. On the 18th of October, 1882, he wedded Miss Laura M. Crosby, her father being James Crosby, who was a native of Ohio and came to Oregon in 1880. Unto them were born the following children: Willis V., who is now a student in a medical college at San Francisco; Ernest E., a resident of Oregon; and Lloyd M., who makes his home in West Berkeley, California. The wife and mother was called to her final rest in 1891 and in November of the following year Mr. Swiger was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Milda Snivley, who came to this state in 1882. Earl Vernon, the only child of this marriage, is still at home. At the polls Mr. Swiger casts his ballot in support of the men and measures of the democratic party. The cause of education has ever found in him a stanch champion and for the past eighteen years he has served in the capacity of school clerk. Fraternally he is a member of the Woodmen of the World. Practically his entire life has been spent in the northwest and he is therefore thoroughly familiar with its history and growth, which has always been to him a source of justifiable pride. The Centennial History of Oregon, 1811-1911, Volume III. S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., Chicago, 1912. Joseph Gaston, editor. Page 459 THOMAS TANNER. - A representative and enterprising agriculturist of Union county, the subject of this sketch stands high in the estimation of his fellows and has won, by his straightforwardness and upright life the confidence and esteem of all, while in his business career he has displayed energy and wisdom and a staunchness of purpose and thoroughness of execution that are praiseworthy and have brought their sure rewards in a competence of this world's goods. Like so many of our thrifty and substantial citizens, Mr. Tanner was a native of England, being born on August 9, 1831, in Newbury, Berkshire county to Thomas and Mary (Cruse) Tanner. The father was a shoemaker and the son learned the same trade at which he wrought until they came to this country in 1850, being a family of seven children and our subject the oldest of the number. They settled at St. Louis, Missouri, and there the father and son wrought at their trade, the latter also spending some time in service in a dairy, until 1853 the year in which the mother was called to the world beyond. Then they gathered all together and came to Utah, settling in Salt Lake City and then engaged in farming in Tooele county until 1878, when the subject of this sketch came to this county. He sought out a homestead and found that which suited him at the mouth of Anthony creek, eight miles west from North Powder, where he settled at once. He commenced the task of building a home and turning the wild soil of the face of nature into fertile fields, whence he should reap the bountiful harvests that were called for by his industry and skill. He has added to the original piece of land until it is now two hundred and twenty acres, one hundred acres being well improved. He has a comfortable dwelling and a fine orchard and other improvements. He raises some stock but gives most of his attention to handling the fruits of the soil. The marriage of Mr. Tanner and Miss Susana Elsie was celebrated on October 23, 1853, and they have been blessed with the following issue: Susana E., wife of Lorenzo Kelsey, near North Powder, but since deceased; Mary Ann, wife of P.L. Smith, of North Powder; Thomas, deceased; Joseph E., deceased; William E., married to Lillie Speirs and living in Idaho; Sarah E., deceased; George E.; Emma J., married to John McPhee, near North Powder. On September 18, 1882, Mrs. Tanner was called from the scenes and duties of life to the realities of another world. Mr. Tanner contracted a second marriage, the lady of his choice being Mrs. Catherine E. Buckley, and the nuptials occurred on November 1, 1883. Mr. Tanner is beginning the golden years of his life and stands secure in the esteem and respect of the entire community and his life of faithfulness is commendable and praiseworthy. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 307 ALPHEUS TERWILLEGER. Deceased. - As a builder of Union county and a loyal and patriotic citzen, and a man of marked capabilities and stanch moral qualities, we are constrained to mentin the gentlman whose name is at the head of this article, and we grant this memoir to his name since he was richly deserving of the commendation and esteem of all of his fellows,and it is with pleasure that we announce that he enjoyed the same in generous measure. In Hamilton county, Ohio, our subject was born on April 8, 1824, being teh son of Mathew and Cherlottie Terwileger, farms of that county, but later removing to Indiana, where the father died. Our subject took active management of the home place after the father's death, until 1855, when he came to Iowa and secured a farm for himself in Marion county. There he remained until 1862, then sold his fine farm of thre hundred and sixty acres and removed to this valley, taking a homestead two and one-half miles north from Summerville, on which place and one other which he bought on Sand Ridge, he remained for seventeen years, producing the fruits of the field and raising stock.Then he removed to the palce where the widow now resides, in the edge of Elgin, having eighty ares there and other land in other parts of this county. On October 13, 1855, occurred the marriage of Mr. Terwilleger and Miss Jan P., daughter of John and Susanah (Berry) Lewis, in Marion county, Iowa. She was born April 13, 1840, in Putnam county, Indiana, her father being a native of Kentucky and the mother of North Carlina. The father farmed in Indiana, Iowa and Oregon, pasing from his labors near Summerville, where also the mother died. They were members of the Methodist church and devoted to the faith of the Christian. The widow has been a member of this church since she was thirteen years of age and the strength of her faith has enabled her to bear the heavy burdens that have been her lot. To our subject and his estimable wife, there were born the following children: James, Margaret A., Sarah E., Johnie, Martha, Charlie, Vadia and George. In 1879 and 1880 the terrible disease of diptheria settled in this happy family and from the fall to the spring carried off the last five mentioned and they sleep now in the cemetery at Summerville. On August 20,1899, the hand of death was again laid upon the home, this time to snatch thence the father and husband and he too, is buried in the cemetery at Summerville, He was the death of the noble and upright man, and sincere mourning marked this event. Right nobly has the widow borne this accumulated sorrow, bringing to her solace the right of the Christian to ast his burden on One able to bear it and bind even the broken heart. She is now spending her golden years in the home place and is highly esteemed and beloved by all, having manifested the faith that makes faithful and gracious in all the pilgrim walk. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 449,450 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM TILLMAN - We have before us in the person of the subject one of those hardy, intrepid and commendable pioneers, who wrought in this section for its development, wresting it from the grasp of the savages and fitting it for the abode of man. Especially is our subject to be mentioned in this capacity,since he came here yound and vigorous and wrought constantly here for nearly half a century, enduring all the hardships known to frontier existence, displaying an astuteness, energy, and ability, coupled with faithfulness and integrity that have commended him to the graces and hearts of all who appreciate noble and true qualities and a pioneer and self-sacrificing spirit. William Tillman was born in Newton county, Missouri, on a farm, the date being February 12, 1842. He received a common school education in his native place, securing the same during the winter months, and striving on his father's farm to practice the art of agriculture during the summers. He continued under the parental roof until 1861, and then in company with three other families, he being nineteen years of age, he turned toward the west with his "prairie schooner" and steadily pursued his way to the setting sun, until the little train halted in the Grande Ronde valley. The accompanying travelers were George and John Howeel, Tomps Crofford and Sandford P. Robertson. They halted but a short time in this favorite spot, deeming that greener fields were ahead, and so crossing the Blue mountains, as many of the pilgrims had done before, and settled in Umatilla county. Our subject secured employment from a Mr. Frye, running a ferry boat for two dollars per day. One month was spent there and then the rumors from the gold fields of Florence took him thither. Two months were used in fruitless search for the hidden treasure and then he hired out for three dollars per day, getting slower but surer money. After two months at this he went to Walla Walla, worked in the timber for the remainder of the winter and then in the spring of 1863 he rented a farm of one hundred acres for one year. He raised the boutiful crop of four thousand bushels of wheat, which he sold for one dollar and seventy-five cents per bushel. Subsequent to this he bought an outfit and gave his attention to freighting from Umatilla landing to Boise and Silver cities and other places. Three years were spent at this and then he repaired to the Grande Ronde valley and purchased a farm, the land being unimproved. To break tis and turn it into a fine farm demanded his attention and until 1885 he continued there. He went then to the Gray creek country and took a homestead, and once more set to work to make a home and a farm from raw land. His nice place to-day, well improved with necessary buildings, good orchard and well tilled acres testifies how well he has succeeded. In addition to this good comfortable home, our subject purchased in1890 three lots and a good residence in Old Town, and resides there at the present time. In the summer he removes to his farm, tilling it and then when winter comes he retires to the comfortable quarters in town to spend the cold days in quiet, enjoying the good things that his faithful labor has gained for him. In 1897, he sold his first farm. In 1865, Mr. Tillman was married to Miss Pernecia J., daughter of Sanford and Martha J. (Marrs) Robertson. No children have been born to this worthy couple and they adopted, in 1874, Nora J. Halley; they also raised her brother but did not adopt him, and when his father remarried he went to live with him. Mrs. Tillman's parents were pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley and she came from Missouri with them. Mr. Tillman is a member of the Masonic fraternity. It is of note that in the winter of 1861; the snow fell in December to a depth of two feet and then crusted with rain and sleet so that it was almost impossible to handle stock. Our subject lost heavily because no hay had been provided. At one place a farmer had some unthreashed sheaves of oats, and he sold his entire stock at one dollar per sheaf to a sheep man by the name of Redman. Mr. Tillman and his estimable wife are among the most highly esteemed residents of our county and they are worthy of the confidence and regard they enjoy, while they are admired and beloved by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 387, 388 AUGUSTUS H. TITUS is a man that has a wide range of experience both in the affairs of life in its ordinary occupations and also in pioneer experiences, having passed through practically all the various vocations usually met with in frontier life, as mining, camping, opening up a new farm, as well as the incidents of danger and adventure with which such existence is frequently attended, beside much fighting with the savages in various places; universally manifesting both a cool and wise judgment and capabilities and valor and courage that are the constituent parts of the true man and progressive spirit. Mr. Titus was born on July 17, 1843, in Morgan county, Illinois, being the son of Noah and Melissa Titus, and when a child was taken by his parents near Quincy, Adams county, in the same state. He remained on the farm with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, and then followed the advice of Horace Greeley, and embarked on the weary journey across plains and mountains to the Pacific coast. When as far as the Black Hills on their journey, they were attacked by the Indians, who killed four men, one colored boy, and captured two women, one of whom was released in a few days and the other was detained for three years before she made her escape. The train proceeded from this time to the date of landing in Rye valley without further episode of danger, and Mr. Titus stopped at the last named place and commenced to mine. A short time after he went on to the Willamette valley, and soon was on his way back to Boise, where he mined for a time, and then in 1866 went back over the emigrant road on horseback to southeastern Kansas, where he remained for a number of years. On January 17, 1872, Mr. Titus married Miss Susan Garner, and to them was born one child, Alice M., now the wife of E.P. Perkins. Mrs. Titus was called hence by death on September 29, 1875, and then shortly after Mr. Titus came to the Willamette valley and in 1877 migrated thence to Baker City, remaining there until 1899, when he again returned to the Willamette valley. In 1899, Mr. Titus again came east of the mountains, and this time settled on a fine farm two miles west from North Powder, where he owns three hundred and twenty acres, which is well improved and has fine buildings, such as a large barn and comfortable and commodious house. On April 22, 1883, Mr. Titus was married a second time, and the lady of his choice on this occasion was Miss Nettie, daughter of James and Jane Wilson, and they have become the parents of six children: Roland A., Nora J., James, Maud M., Robert N. and Bessie L. Mrs. Titus' father is dead, but her mother is still living near North Powder. Mr. Titus has had extensive dealings in the various capacities in which he has acted in the many places in which his lot has been cast, and this varied and valuable experience, added to natural sagacity, has placed him in a commanding position of knowledge of the affairs of life, and he is looked up to and esteemed by his fellows generally. In addition to the trouble with the Indians that he encountered in the journey across the plains, he has had several skirmishes with them and has displayed both courage and bravery in these times. In addition to the other pursuits of frontier life he was engaged for some time in freighting. He also now handles much stock as well as raising the fruits of the ground, and he is one of the leading farmers and stockmen of the vicinity. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 322, 323 GARDNER R. TUCKER. - The capable and well-known gentleman of whom we now speak, is one of the substantial citizens of Union county, having wrought here for many years, displaying great industry and capabilities in his efforts, and he is now blessed with the rewards of thrift, having one of the well improved farms of the county and being numbered with the prosperous and leading agriculturists of this section, while in his long career wherein he has labored in a becoming manner for the advancement of the county's interests as well as prosecuting his business enterprises, he has manifested sterling worth and uprightness with affability and geniality to all. Gardner R. was born on July 5, 1839, in Sullivan county, Tennessee, being the son of Kinchen and Sarah (Brady) Tucker, natives also of Tennessee. The father was a farmer in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Arkansas, being called from the labors of life in the latter state. Our subject passed the years of his minority in these different states, gaining a good common school education and in June, 1861, offered his services for the cause of the Confederacy, enlisting in the Seventh Arkansas under General Shaver. He participated in some of the largest battles of the war, and served until the close of hostilities. After the war he went to farming in Fulton county, Arkansas, remaining there until 1878, then sold out his possessions and made the trip to Union county, taking a preemption about one mile from his present place, which his son owns now. Later he took as a homestead his present place, six miles southeast from Elgin, and to the development and cultivation of this farm he has devoted his energies since. He has a good farm, well improved, and is skillful in handling the affairs of his business. On February 14, 1864, Mr. Tucker married Miss Susan, daughter of John and Mary (Dunn) Anderson, natives of Tennessee, the nuptials being celebrated in Independence county, Arkansas. Eight children have been born to this happy union: Minerva, Nancy, deceased; John, David, Laura, deceased' Andrew, Mollie, Franklin. The two deceased are buried in Hyland cemetery. Mrs. Tucker's parents were farmers in Georgia and then in Arkansas, remaining in the latter state until death. Mr. Tucker was a member of the Masons in the east, but has never joined in this section. He and his wife are also members of the Christian church and are active in the interests of this body as also in careful dissemination of the principles of their faith. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 285, 286 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page EGBERT B. Van Der MEUEN, Deceased. It is quite within the province of this work to add a memoir of the faithful and capable gentleman whose name is at the head of this page, since he was one who labored assiduously here for the advancement of the interests of Union county, demeaning himself, meanwhile, with exemplary wisdom and the characteristic energy and progressiveness that were part of his development and which also aided him in the accomplishment of the success that he carved out here by labor and skill, both worthy and good. In the noted little Anglo Saxon kingdom of Holland, is the birthplace of our subject, Friesland being the spot, and 1833 being the date. There he was educated in the common schools and spent his boyhood days until 1849, when he came with the balance of the family to Marion county,Iowa, remaining as a member of the parental household until he was twenty years of age and then started for himself. He rented land and also wrought some for wages, but continue steadily in progress until 1870, when he came west, to take part in the upbuilding of the country and also to make for himself and his family a home. They came by rail toKelton, Utah, and thence by horse teams to the Grande Ronde valley. In the following spring he rented a farm andone year later bought eighty acres, where the family reside at the present time, one and one-fourth miles north of Island City and three-fourths of a mile east of the same. In 1882 he bought one hundred and sixty acres and in 1891 he bought another quarter section for stock purposes. This gave him the fine estate of four hundred acres,w hich he handled in a skillful and good manner. In 1863 Mr. Van Der Meuen married Miss Anna, daughter of Robert and Hilche (Feandermeer) Roelsma, of Marion county, Iowa. To them were born the following children: Angeline, Otto, Robert, Lillie, John, Jake, Martin. Robert died on December 28, 1900, and his wife on June 15, 1901, leaving one little girl, who is with her grandmother. In 1897 Mr. Van Der Meuen was called from the labors of life to the rewards of the world beyond, and it was known that a good man had passed away and the county was deprived of stanch citizen. He had been a faithful member of the Methodist church and his life showed the graces of the Christian, while all held him as a man to be esteemed. His widow has taken the added burdens of life in a gracious manner and is fulfilling the responsibilities by commendable achievement in managing the interests that devolve upon her. lustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 450,451 Copyright 1902 JOHN A. WAGNER. Deceased- In the person of the esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this article we have one of the first of Union county's settlers and a man who bore the brunt of assisting to open upthis section for the settlement of man and in developing the same, while he was ever enterprising and progressive, both in his private business operations as well as in the interests of the welfare of the county at large, and it is eminently fitting that a memorial be accorded to him in these abiding chronicles of our county, where he labored so faithfully and for so many years, ever manifesting that integrity, sagacity and uprightness which were characteristic of his whole life. John A. Wagner was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, on May 8, 1837, being the son of James Wagner, a master collier in the coal mines of that vicinity. When he had reached the age of nineteen he started from home and took up the battles of life for himself, going first to Iowa, where he was occupied on the farm for a time. Next he started to Pike's Peak in 1859, but as the train disbanded he fell in with another train and came to southern Oregon by ox teams, being in the employ of a man who was importing fine stock to this country,and in his services he remained until 1862, when he took up packing to the various mines. He was in parntership with Volney and William Rector, and they kept a depot of stores at Auburn which they drew upon to pack to the Boise Basin. In 1862 William died and the stores were stolen. That winter our subject stayed in the vicinity of Cove and until 1866 was constantly engaged in packing to Boise and Coeur d' Alene. In 1867 he bought a quarter-section adjoining the present home and took up general farming and stock-raising, and from 1877 to 1894 he was occupied in addition with a dairy, milking from twenty to forty cows all of the time. He had about sixty acres to pasture, one hundred to meadow and one hundred and twenty to grain. In 1894 he sold out the dairy cows and confined his attention to general farming. The marriage of Mr. Wagner and Miss Mary A., daughter of Lewis and Charity Bloom, pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley of 1862, was solemnized on March 28, 1867, and to them were born eight children, two of whom are still living, namely: Myrtle M., wife of Charles M. Davis, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Mimmie E., wife of James E. Weaver, now farming the old place. The place where the family is now living is the old Lewis Bloom homestead, and is situated two miles northwest of Cove. On September 30, 1896, Mr. Wagner was callled from the labors and duties of this life to that beyond, and his death was a time of great mourning. The widow is still residing on the farm and attending to the oversight of affairs in a commendable manner. She has reared one grandson, Elmer C. Fulp, now sixteen years of age. She handles considerable stock and runs a dairy of sixteen cows. Her farms are well improved, and the home place is embellished with fine buildings and a beautiful residence. Mr. Wagner was one of the most highly respected citizens of the county and was always looked up to by his fellows as a man of excellent principles and good judgment. His widow is the recipient of the confidence of the entire community and is esteemed by all and cherished as a woman of gracious personality, true, noble, and upright. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 417,418 WILLIAM T. WALLSINGER. - It is very gratifying to find that as the old pioneers lay down the noble work that they were doing in this couhty, and go hence to the rewards of another world, there are those left behind, whose willing hearts and strong hands will take up the toil of development nad continue to build in a becoming manner on the broad and deep foundation that those faithful hands laid, perhaps even better than they then knew. One such, a product of Union county, and a son of whom his native place may well be proud, is named at the head of this article, and we are pleased to grant him space in this volume that purports to give reviews of the leading citizens of our county. William T. was born on May 8, 1870, to John Q. and Eliza (Woodell) Wallsinger, four miles south of Summerville, on Sand Ridge. His parents were pioneers to the Grande Ronde valley in 1862, the father then taking a homestead three miles northwest from Summerville, In 1898 he passed away but the mother is still living in Lagrande. Our subject attended school in the valley and in this county received the entire educational training with which he is supplied. He was one of the home circle until he was twenty-five years of age, working, however, for two or three years for wages, meanwhile. In 1897 he bought his present place of one hudred and sixty acres, which lies two and one-half miles southeast from Alicel. His farm is well improved, producing grain principally, although he has a good orchard and handles some stock. In 1897, Mr. Wallsinger married Miss Letha, daughter of John and Margaret S. Peach, pioneers to California in 1849 and to the Grande Ronde valley in 1861. Mr. Peach was manager of the mill at Orodell and also operated a large dairy, importing the first throughbred Jerseys that came to the county. He died in 1894, and his wife passed away in 1892. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born one child, Harold. Mr. Wallsinger is a member of the Modern Woodmen, Island City Camp. No. 103. He is one of the progressive and successful young agriculturists of the county, and gives promise of a useful and bright future. His father assisted to build the first house on Sand Ridge nad was a typical pioneer in all ways. Mr. Wallsinger has a fine home, well appointed, where his wife presides with gracious dignity. llustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 427,428 Copyright 1902 James Webb JAMES WEBB. - To the industrious and progressive agriculturist and stockman, whose name initiates this paragraph, we are pleased to accord a representation in this volume of chronicles of Union county, since he is one of the substantial citizens of the county, having wrought out here a commendable success in the vocations which he follows, while his uprightness and integrity have won for him the confidence of the entire community. Born to John and Arminda (McKinnis) Webb, in Wapello county, Iowa, on January 2, 1874. James knew nothing of a father's guiding hands, as John Webb died in March of the same year. The death of the mother in 1877 gave the orphan to the hands of the grandmother, and he dwelt in the home of his uncle, L.E. Wilkinson. Until he was sixteen, he remained in his native place, attending district school and assisting on the farm, then in 1890 came to Union with his great uncle, George Wilkinson. The first five years of his stay here were spent in school and general farm work. In the employ of William Wilkinson, in the latter's saw mill, one yeear was spent. Then he labored for Langrell & Brown, in their saw mill, at Sparta and Carson. In 1898 he bought his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which is situated in High valley, eight miles southeast from Union. He uses about half of the place for cultivation of grain and hay and about half for pasture. His hay yields two and one-half tons per acre and his grain land gives bounteous returns to his skillfull husbandry. He owns about twenty head of good cattle and seven head of horses, the latter being fine specimens of their kind, as Mr. Webb takes especial pride in rearing the equines. He has recently completed a fine seven-room modern residence, has a commodious barn and a well-selected orchard, and his place prsents an air of thrift and taste that characterize the owner as to skill and enterprise. The marriage of Mr. Webb and Miss Nora, daughter of Andrew and Mary Virginia (Lamere) Wilkinson, was celebrated in August, 1897. Mr. Webb's parents are pioneers of Union county and are now residing in High Valey. Mrs. Webb is numbered among the successful educators of the county, and has gained an enviable record in pedagogic work. Mr. and Mrs. Webb have acquired a pleasant skill in handling the modern photgraphic instruments, and are possessors of some excellent specimens of their work in this line. Fraternally, Mr. Webb is affiliated with the King City, Camp, No. 86, Woodmen of the World in Union. His energy and his perseverance have guided by a praiseworthy sagacity, given him a prestige and competence that are wisely used for the advancement of home interests and in manifestation of public-spirited interest in the affairs of the county and its government. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 323, 324 GEORGE E. WELLS. - The subject of this sketch is a man of great energy and power of adaptability, as is manifested in the occupations that have been engaged in by him during the years in which he has been in this western country, and it is pleasant to remark that during all of these varied undertakings, some of which have been exceedingly arduous and fraught with hardship and danger, he has manifested a stanch and unflinching courage, marked industry and enterprise, with excellent personal qualities of integrity and upright principles, while a good success has attended his efforts, both became of the excellent practical judgment used and because of his keen foresight and untiring efforts to do well whatever his hand undertook. George E. was born in Licking county, Ohio, on November 3, 1850, being the son of John and Sarah (Holmes) Wells. The father came to Oregon in 1859, settling at Oregon City and following the milling business for two years, when he repaired to Vancouver, Washington. The mother and three children then came and they all remained in that place until June, 1865, then they went to Lagrande, landing there on June 1, of that year. The father engaged in packing from Umatilla Landing to the mines of Boise Basin and others in this section. Our subject remained with his father one year in packing and then procured teams and continued the transportation of freight to the various points named until 1871. At that date the father quit teaming and went to dealing in wood in Lagrande and in that business he continued until the time of his death on November 16, 1888, that sad consummation being brought about in an accident with a team. The mother died on May 30, 1899. After 1871, our subject began teaching school, and continued the same until 1873, then went to Silver City, engaging in the hotel business for three years, following which during the winter of 187601877 he was a disciple of Nimrod, hunting all winter in the Wind River mountains. After this he spent six months in the Black Hills and on December 26, 1877, he landed in Prescott, Arizona. Remaining there until the spring of 1878, he returned to Roseburg, Oregon, and for one and one-half years was occupied in a printing business, handling the Douglas Independent. In 1879 he rode back to Lagrande and again took up teaming from Umatilla Landing to Lagrande and adjacent points, continuing the same until 1883 (?), the date of the advent of the railroad. He then went into the wood and tie business, following the same until February 9, 1891. He then removed to his present place and has been engaged in general farming since. He owns two hundred and forty acres five miles southeast from Alicel, which is all farmed to grain, except two acres which are planted to apples and pears. His farm is skillfully handled and produces excellent returns in good crops. On August 4, 1889, Mr. Wells married Mrs. Minnie Buchanan, widow of D.J. Buchanan, an old resident of Union county. She is a daughter of Alexander and Carrie (Lucas) Jackson, natives of Des Moines county, Iowa. They came to California in 1860, to Oregon in 1861, and to the Grande Ronde in 1879. Mr. Jackson carried the mail from the depot to the postoffice from the time of the railroad's coming until 1900. He did also a general draying business. On November 4, 1901, he was called away by death. The mother is still living in Lagrande. To Mr. And Mrs. Wells have been born two children. Ralph, eleven years old, and Fred, seven years of age. Mr. Wells is school director of his district, and is a member of the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 16, of Lagrande, and he has held all the chairs of the same. He is also a member of the Maccabees Tent No. 31, at Lagrande. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 428, 429 Copyright 1902 SULVANAS J. WHITE is a well known resident of Union county, near the town of Lagrande, having been identified with the industrial life of that city for some time and having also operated in the mercantile business here, being attended with success and also manifesting his characteristic ability and integrity during his residence here, while also he is one of the pioneers of the northwest, as his father Was also, and has wrought for many years in the development and for the progress of this and adjoining states. Charles F. and Elizabeth (Buchanan) White are the parents of our subject, who was born to them in Stark county, Illinois, on January 6, 1846. It was in 1851 that the parents determined to try their fortunes in the west, and accordingly fitted out the requisite conveyances and ox teams and started on the long and dreary journey across barren plain and rugged mountains infested with dangers of savages and wild beasts, besides the lurking disease that was then sweeping across the country. In due time they landed in Portland, having lost some from the train by accident and one by the Indians. The savages charged toll for crossing the streams, and had the train not been large doubtless would have massacred them all. Captain Dray piloted them in safety to their destination, and after one winter spent there the father went to Olympia, which then consisted of two houses, and after exploring the country for three months located a claim and later went to the Cowlitz country, and at Boisport took a claim of three hundred acres, the mother living there at the present time, being seventy-eight years of age. Our subject was educated in the primitive schools there and in 1867 engaged himself as head sawyer in a lumber manufacturing establishment in Olympia, and in this capacity he continued until 1887, then removed to the Grande Ronde valley to put in the water works for the Chaplin & McConnell Company. Upon the completion of this enterprise he went into the implement business for Mitchell Lewis & Staver, continuing therein for eleven years. In 1891 Mr. White purchased fifteen acres where he now lives just northeast from Lagrande. The property had twelve hundred trees bearing besides much small fruit. He has improved the place and has an elegant home with good grounds and a first-class orchard. Mr. White married Miss Rosina, daughter of Antone and Anna (Snyder) Kuhn, of Olympia, and two children have been born to bless this union: Lena, wife of F.L. Coykendall, conductor on the O.R.&N. and living in Lagrande: Alice B., wife of George Henry, living in Lagrande. In political matters Mr. White is associated with the Republicans and is active in this field, having been justice of the peace in Lagrande in 1896. Mr. White is affiliated with the A.O.U.W. and he and his wife belong to the D. of H. They are both spiritists and are much interested in manifestations. Mr. White is a member of the worthy pioneers that wended their way across the plains in 1852, the year of scarcity of provisions, flour costing as high as one dollar per pound. These worthy pioneers are now spending the time of the golden years of their life in the retirement of their comfortable and attractive home secure in the esteem and confidence of all. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 266, 267 Copyright 1902 EDWARD A. WILLS. - The subject of this brief article came to Union county possessed of but little goods of this world but endowed with a rich capital of courage, stability, and pluck, and with heart and hands to take hold of whatever opportunity opened to make a good success. Here he has found that which he sought, and from the possessor of limited capital he has, by his good financiering, connected with equal executive ability and wise management secured for himself a gratifying competence and placed his name among the most substantial citizens of the county, while also he has worught out achievements in other lines that mark him as a genious and benefactor of his fellows. Mr. Wills was born in Taylor county, Iowa, on April 3, 1866, being the son of William E. and Martha J. (Laney) Wills. The father was a farmer and carpenter and died when our subject was one year old. In his native place the son was reared and there attended school, gaining a good educational discipline. He also worked on the home place and for the neighbors, until he had arrived at man's estate, and then fitted the old-fashioned "prairie schooner" and traveled toward the west until he landed in Oregon, arriving in this state on August 1, 1887, and in the Grande Ronde valley on October 1, 1887. He engaged with a saw mill company, whose plant was situated north of Summerville, and these wrought for two months, then made rails,a nd later went to work on a ranch. In these occupations he continued until 1894, also assisting in 1891 to erect the brick blocks in Lagrande. In 1894 he rented a place of eighty acres, one mile west from Alicel, and there did general farming for one year, living during that time in a tent. On October 24, 1894, he rented the place that he now owns, and the following year he purchased the property. He added to this quarter section eighty acres more, all good land. This land is situated three-fourths of a mile from Alicel, and is all well cultivated and produces good crops. He has it well improved with all necessary conveniences, and also has a fine orchard. he makes a specialty of grain and stock, taking a great interest in well-bred animals. In 1898 he had one hog at the county fair that took first premium, being Poland China breed. In political matters Mr. Wills is very active, being chairman of the Republican committee, from 1900 to 1902, and is always laboring for good men in office. Fraternally he is affiliated with the I.O.O.F., Farmers Lodge No. 49, of Summerville. He has held all of the chairs in the subordinate lodge and also has served as delegate to the grand lodge. He is also a member of the encampment No. 7, of Baker City, of Knights of Pythias, Red Cross Lodge, No. 27, of Lagrande, and of the Modern Woodmen, Island City Camp, No. 1003. Mr. Wills is is interested in the welfare of the county and displays the intelligence of a typical citizen. He is a stockholder in the Artesian Company that is intending to sink wells next summer throughout the county. Mr. Wills and A.J. Hughes are the patentees of a device for spreading manure that is working very successfully, nad to this they add a scraper and cultivator attachment, and many of them are in practical operation throughout the county. They completed this excellent invention on September 25, 1899. In the fall of 1897 Mr. Wills' mother came from Iowa to dwell with her son, and is at the present time so doing. Mr. Wills is one of the leading citizens of our county, and his uprightness and integrity have won for him hosts of friends in every walk of life and he has the esteem and confidence of all. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 414, 415 Copyright 1902 William M. Winn WILLIAM M. WINN. - Although the subject of this sketch has not been domiciled within the borders of Union county a sufficient length of time to be called a pioneer, still he has been here long enough to thoroughly demonstrate to all that he is a man of capabilitities and enterprise and favored with those qualities that make the upright man and substantial citizen, while his industry and thrift are apparent, as well as his good judgment and financial foresight. On December 28, 1858, he was born to Thomas G. and Phoebe (Orton) Winn, in Springville, Utah, and there he was reared on a farm and attended the public schools during his boyhood days. The family removed to Idaho and later returned to Utah, whence they went to Colorado and from that place Mr. Winn came to Union county. It was in 1898 that he settled here purchasing a farm of three hundred and twenty acres about twelve miles south from Lagrande. He also owns one hundred and sixty acres of fine timber, making his entire estate four hundred and eighty acres. His home place is well improved and is one of the valuable farms of the county. He is enterrising and industrious and is very successful in raising stock and the fruits of the soil. Mr. Winn started in this world for himself when he was nineteen years of age and at the time of his marriage his bank account revealed but tend dollars to his credit. Since that time he has been especially successful and now has a home place for which he refused recently four thousand dollars, besides much other property of value. The marriage of Mr. Winn and Catherine K., daughter of Hiram and Elisabeth (Clapper) Hendrickson, was solemnized on July 6, 1884 at Summit, Iron county (?), Utah. They have become the parents of five children: Pearl R., William M., Forest L., Clyde V. and Irene. Mr. Winn is affiliated with the A.O.U.W. of Lagrande. He is well esteemed by his fellows and neighbors and stands as one of the substantial citizens of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 269, 270 JOSEPH M. YOUNCS. - The proverb sayeth: "Time and chance happeneth to all men," but surely it is to the faithful and enterprising ones who are able to discern these things and to take advantage of the opportunity that fortune puts once in the path of every man, that comes the emoluments of sagacity and thrift and honor from their fellows that is due to proper manifestation of sound principles and real merit of stanch integrity. It is but right to say that to the subject of this sketch belongs the distinction of having so ordered his life that he has won the respect and confidence of his fellows and his manipulation of the business affairs that have come to hand has resulted in giving him a goodly share of this world's property as the result of his sagacity. On May 1, 1846, Joseph M. was born to William and Julia Ann (Carl) Youncs, in Kentucky, and while he was still a child his parents removed to Bates county, Missouri, where they all remained until the breaking out of the Civil war. The elder Mr. Youncs was major of Hunter's Regiment in the Confederate army, and the subject of this sketch did excellent military duty under his father whose regiment was part of the number that composed Price's army. Our subject participated in many skirmishes and several battles among which was the one at Westport, Kansas, where his father received a mortal wound and died soon after. Until the end of the struggle, Mr. J.M. Youncs continued to champion the cause with which he had allied himself, and then laid down the arms of war and turned to the more quiet occupations of civil life. For a time he traveled over parts of Texas and New Mexico and then made his way to Sedalia, Missouri, remaining there for four years. Thence he went to Benton county. In 1880, he fitted teams and went over the trail that had been so well frequented before the advent of steam transportation. He ultimately landed in Union county and secured land near his present home, and then bought the place where he lives now, which is four miles northwest from North Powder. Here he has two hundred and eighty acres of good land that he has improved in a becoming and skillful manner. He has a good house and substantial barn, and in addition to the production of the fruits of the soil he raises some stock. Mr. Youncs is well respected in the community and counted a good business man, upright citizen, and faithful and kind neighbor. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 287, 288 Copyright 1902 JACOB ZUBER. - Without doubt the subject of this sketch is one of the men whose name should be among the list of those who are accorded representation in the history of Union county, since he has wrought here with an energy and assiduity that have placed him in possession of a goodly competence, while also he has the distinction of always being allied with those enterprises that were for the benefit of the people of the county, and his life has been one of long and continued activity and manifestation of wisdom and ability, and having been in the path of the frontiersman for many years, he now justly deserves the retirement that is accorded him. In 1822, where rolls the Rhine its pleasant course through rich valleys and vendured hills in the land of Germany, our subject was born and there he received the thorough training given in the common schools. He remained at home, assisting his father on the farm until 1844, and then sailed from the Fatherland to America's free lands. He settled in Richland county, Ohio, until 1850, then crossed the dreary plains to California, landing in Hangtown, thence to Sacramento, and after a short stay there came into Trinity county, where he took up mining. Six years were spent in this industry and he did well in a financial way, then he came to the mining districts of Idaho, but not finding them as he supposed, came thence to the Grande Ronde valley, and took up the stock business. After a few years, he went to Silver City, Idaho, and ten years later he sold his stock and came to dwell in Union. There in company with H. Striker, he built a brewery and operated it for five years, and then sold and came to Lagrande and went into the merchandise business. It was in March, 1887, that the marriage of Mr. Zuber and Susan C. Reeves occurred, and one child has been born to them, Dorothy M. Mrs. Zuber's parents were Elijah S. and Margaret (McDonald) Reeves and she was born in Brown county, Illinois, in 1848 and the family crossed the plains and located in the Grande Ronde valley in 1867. Mrs. Zuber has two children by a former marriage, Laura E., wife of John Childs, living in Lagrande; Elza, married and living in San Francisco. Our subject has a fine home of twelve rooms and of modern architectural design, one of the finest in the city, and in addition he owns twelve houses and twenty lots, besides six hundred acres of land. He is one of the substantial and capable men of the county, and he and his estimable wife are valuable members of society, being esteemed and highly respected by all, and the later years of their pilgrimage is being spent in quiet enjoyment of the fruits of their worthy labors. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 373, 374 Page 393 and 394