ARBA N. ADAMS ARBA N. ADAMS. - Among the earliest pioneers that broke sod in what is now Wallowa county, and constantly since that time a steady worker in the lines of development that have brought so much wealth to the coffers of the county, namely stock raising and farming, the estimable gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article, is eminently fitted to be represented in this history, and it is with pleasure that we accord him such at this time. Mr. Adams was born in Vermont, on December 8, 1842, being the son of Joshua and Roxana Adams, and in his native state he was educated and remained until manhood's estate, working also with his father. When the call came for men to stand against the onslaughts of Rebellion's hosts and save the Union from destruction and dismemberment, our subject, on June 1, 1861, interposed himself and enlisted in Company H, Ninth Vermont Volunteers and faced the cannons with a firmness born of dauntless courage and stanch manhood. Until September 11, 1863, he fought bravely and served faithfully, and then received his discharge because of a disability. He had been in many battles and among them that at Harper's Ferry, where he was captured by the enemy, but after parole he again joined his company. Subsequent to his discharge, he returned to Vermont, then migrated to Wisconsin, locating in Portage county, and there engaging in the lumbering business until 1876. In that year he came to Oregon, and sought out a place for a location in the territory now embraced in Wallowa county, which was found on Prairie creek, six miles southeast from Joseph. He took a homestead and was one of the very first settlers in this region. He devoted his attention to raising stock and general farming and his characteristic energy and good judgment made him successful, and he was soon numbered with the prosperous men of the section and has since been a leading and prominent citizen. In 1886 he removed to his present place on the Imnaha, ten miles above the bridge, taking a pre-emption and engaging in fruit raising, general farming and stock raising. He has now a fine estate of four hundred and forty acres besides his Prairie creek ranch and it is all well improved and skillfully handled, yielding the abundant fruitage of a fertile soil. Mr. Adams married Miss Mary, daughter of George and Catherine Bickel, and a native of Wisconsin, on November 7, 1869, and they have become the parents of two children: Minnie R., wife of F.E. Vaughan: Roxie C. Mrs. Adams parents are natives of Germany. Mr. Adams is a member of the I.O.O.F. Silver Lake Lodge, No. 84, at Joseph. He is one of the substantial men of the county and is respected and esteemed by all. It is of note that Mr. Adams is a direct descendant of Henry Adams of Braintree, Massachusetts, being of the ninth generation. Our subject's forefather of the third generation of Henry Adams descendants was brother of President John Adams. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 604, 605 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page CARLTON D. AKIN CARLTON D. AKIN.-Among the prominent men of Wallowa county, as also one of the leading property owners in the county stands the subject of this brief article and it is with pleasure that we accord to him a representation of this volume of the county's history, both because he has achieved a success here that demonstrates his ability in the business world and also because commensurate with his general capabilities there have been manifested a stanch and well rounded character, moral qualities of intrinsic worth and integrity unswerving and continuous all of which demonstrate Mr. Akin to be a typical man and foremost and steady in the development of the county. Carlton D. was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, on February 5, 1840, being the son of Chancy and Laney (Golden) Akin. Four years after his birth our subject was removed by his parents to Boone county, Illinois and thence soon after to Kane county. In this latter place he had the distinction of seeing the first train of cars run into Elgin, the same coming from Chicago and being in the year 1852. Our subject received a good common school education in the various vicinities where he resided and spent the rest of his years of minority in the blacksmith shop and on the farm with his father, learning that king of all trades while still a lad. Soon after 1852, the family removed to Iowa and in 1857 went thence to Nebraska having in these journeys and during their sojourn in the latter place numerous skirmishes with the Indians. In 1864 Mr. Akin built the first house on the site of the present city of Lincoln, Nebraska, and also he acted as the first sheriff of Lancaster county, serving two years. From that county, he removed to York county, in the same state, and there also acted as the first sheriff of the county, and then later served another term. It was in 1875 that he undertook the long journey to Lane county, Oregon, and in the Centennial year, he came thence to La Grande, abiding there until 1879, in which ever he removed to Wallowa county. Here he settled near Enterprise first and then in 1890, he entered government land where he now resides, one-half mile north from Paradise. Here he gave his attention to blacksmithing and farming, having more or less during his career wrought at this trade. Prosperity, because of wisdom, skill and industry, has attended his efforts continually and he is possessed of a goodly portion of the goods of this world. On May 24, 1863, Mr. Akin married Miss Waty B. Bryan in Otoe county, Nebraska. She was a native of Indiana, and to them were born the following children: Adah F., married: Oscar C., married: Roda A., deceased; Franklin B., married: William J., married: James C., married: Joseph A. deceased. On April 15, 1885, death invaded the happy household and snatched thence the mother and wife, a woman of gracious personality and beloved by all, and her remains sleep peacefully in this western land. On August 26, 1895, Mr. Akin married a second time, the lady of his choice on this occasion being Martha J. Lent, who also was called from the side of her husband by death on September 2, 1901. Mr. Akin has served as justice of the peace in this county for two years and in this labor as in all of his public service he has manifested faithfulness, impartiality, and efficiency, while his general demeanor dominated by wisdom or high order and sound principles, has won for him the confidence and esteem of all who may have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Taken from "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Page 627-628 Back to top of page CHANCY AKIN CHANCY AKIN.--If there is one person more than another to whom the race loves to do honor that person is the pioneer, and especially is this true in double measure when we find one of the character of the worthy subject of this sketch, who has endured all the deprivations incident to pioneer life in this country since the early days of the last century and has through it all maintained a good physique, held his powers intact while accomplishing hercelean achievements, built a character which is a light to any community, kept his reputation untarnished and steadily pursued his way for nearly one hundred years. we doubt not that one might hunt the state of Oregon over and not find another who has a record to compare with Mr. akin to whom we do with pleasure accord a space in this history of Wallowa county and we would gladly, were it in our power, outline in more complete detail his most interesting career. On March 23, 1812, the year in which British cannons were silenced forever on Independence soil, the subject of this sketch opened his eyes to the light in Chenango county, New York, and began a career that has shown as a light in the rollings of two centuries. His parents were Loton and Sarah Akin. When Chancy was twelve years of age he went to Crawford county, Pennsylvania, that being the frontier in those days. Early he learned the life of the frontiersman, and steadily he has pursued it since. From Pennsylvania he went to Illinois, landing in Boone county, and thence he went in 1844, to Kane county. In 1832 Mr. Akin enlisted in the Black Hawk war and did good military service there. He participated in the battle of Kishwauke and in numerous skirmishes. In 1832 he assisted to erect the first log cabin on the site of Chicago. After the close of the war he was honorably discharged and then removed to Iowa, and then to Nebraska in 1857, and then to Lane county, Oregon in 1872, to Lagrande in 1876 and to Wallowa in 1880. Thus he has been a pioneer from the Atlantic slope to the Pacific and in all of the various regions his hand has been firm in developing labor and in faithful endeavor for the advancement of civilization. On November 9, 1836 Mr. Akin married Miss Laney Golden, in Crawford county, Pennsylvania. She was born in Chanango county, New York, on May 9 1816. To this happy marriage there were born the following children, Carlton D., William C., Aaron H., Catharine A., Mary E. All are married. When the 1888 mile post was reached on March 25, Mrs. Akin was called from her companion with whom she had shared the joys and toils for over one-half a century and she entered upon the rewards awaiting in another world. this death occurred in Wallowa county, and peacefully sleep the remains in this far away western land. Mr. Akin is strong and hearty now in his ninety-first year, being a good penman, and an excellent shot with a rifle. He has been a great hunter all of his days and many an exciting chase has he taken and still he enjoys a good hunting expedition as of yore. At the present time, Mr. Akin is living with his oldest son, Carlton D. he is hale and hearty and preserves intact his physical powers. Mr. akin is doubtless the oldest man in the county and we are pleased to grant to him this review in the history, and desire also to state that in every respect he has won the full confidence and warm esteem with which he is held by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Taken from "The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties" Copyright 1902 Page 629 Back to top of page THOMAS R. AKINS THOMAS R. AKINS. - One of the leading and well known citizens of Wallowa county is the gentleman whose name is at the head of this article and who is the operator of one of the important business industries of the county, being proprietor of the Enterprise hotel and is one of those who have been enterprising and up to date in the promotion of the welfare and interest of both the county seat and the county, being a man of good capabilities and energy. Mr. Akins was born in Missouri, in 1857, being the son of S. J. and Mary H. (Burns) Akins, natives respectively of Illinois and Iowa. In 1860 they migrated from Missouri to Colorado, remaining there until 18884, whence they came to Union county, this state and then to Wallowa county in 1887, and the parents are living at the present time in Joseph. At the early age of seventeen the subject of this sketch began the battles of life on his own account, taking up farming at the first. later he was in various states, among them being Utah, Idaho, Montana, Washington and Oregon. About three years ago he came to Enterprise to settle down and for a time operated a retail liquor establishment, and then entered the hotel business. He is today operating one of the leading hotels of the county, and has a good patronage and is a host whose labors for the comfort of his guests are untiring and faithful. As a result of his efforts he is favored with a trade that is constantly increasing. The marriage of Mr. Akins and Miss Ellen Groseclose, a native of Missouri, was solemnized in 1878, and they have become the parents of three children: Williard, who was drowned two years ago, at the age of eighteen years; pearl, and Clark, both at home. Franternally, Mr. Akins is affiliated with the I.O.O.F. Lodge 153, at Enterprise and at the present time he is holding the position of vice grand. Mr. Akins is a man of spirit and enterprise and has manifested an interest in the welfare of the town and is ever displaying a public spirit and staunch principles. Illustrated History Of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 537 JAMES A. ALFORD JAMES A. ALFORD. - The subject of this article is one of the pioneers of the west and labored faithfully in many sections for its opening and has made a record for frontier work that demonstrates him both a capable and courageous man. He was born in Missouri, on November 19, 1854, being the son of John and Sallie Alford. He remained in his native state until he had reached seventeen years of age and then he went to Utah and engaged in mining, being the second man in the noted Bingham gulch there. He worked there for one year and then came to Idaho and freighted for a year and thence he came to the Grande Ronde valley: that was 1873, and the following year he made his way into the territory that is now embraced in Wallowa county, where he engaged in stock raising, principally sheep and horses. This labor continued until 1884, at which time, in company with G. Allen and L. Wright, he went to the Lost Prairie country, being the first man to chop a tree and build a cabin in that country. In the same year he took his family there, drawing them in on a sled made of poles and fastened to mules. The company going that way consisted of himself and wife and two children, and Ed Renfrow and L. Wright. They were seven days going twenty-six miles, and then last day they went thirteen miles. The snow was fifteen feet deep in places and it was with great difficulty that they were enabled to make the journey. The provision was exhausted and the last day they lived on sugar only. For two and one-half years Mr. Alford remained there and then sold out and removed to the Chesnimnus country, where he bought land and now owns a section of land there and handles some stock. In 1889 he went on a trip through the southern states and the middle states with fast horses and they did so well that he continued at the business until 1901. He then returned here and bought his present business in Enterprise, it being the Delta Saloon. The marriage of Mr. Alford and Miss Serilda, daughter of L. and Rebecca Wright, was solemnized at the Cove, in Union county in 1872. Mrs. Alford was a native of Union county and her parents came to the coast in 1850. The father died in the Grande Ronde valley, but the mother is still living in Wallowa county. Mrs. Alford died on May 5, 1886, and was buried at the Cove. She left two children: James W., married and living in Wallowa county: Sarah E. wife of Richard Warnack, residing on Crow creek. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 569 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page LINCOLN AUSTIN LINCOLN AUSTIN. - This enterprising and representative business man and property owner of Flora is a member of the firm of Clark & Austin, which does a general merchandise business in Flora carrying a complete and well selected stock and gaining a patronage from the adjacent country that betokens a lucrative business. Lincoln was born in Adams county, Illinois, on September 21, 1866, being the son of Moses and Mary L. Austin. Our subject had one brother, Clarence F. of Paradise. On July 25, 1870, his father contracted a second marriage, the lady being Nancy Hester, a native of Missouri and the nuptials were celebrated in Linn county, that state. To that marriage were born the following children: Lewis M., Araunah, Mary A., deceased, Raymond M. and Eddie A. the father was born in New York in 1835, and he enlisted in the Second Illinois Cavalry and was taken captive at the battle of Lexington, Missouri, but being exchanged, he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois and served until the close of the war. He received a wound in his left shoulder while in the service of his country. In 1865 his parents removed to Linn county, Missouri, where the mother died in 1869. Our subject grew up on his father's farm and received a good education from the public schools. In 1879 the entire family came to Norton county, Kansas, and in 1881 Lincoln went thence to Colorado, and in 1884 he came to Union county, the family having come thither in 1882. He engaged as clerk for Rinehart and Albertson for one year and then did the same service at Summerville until 1885. In the following spring, 1886, he came to the Paradise valley and located a homestead five miles northeast from Flora, being the first one locating in the Paradise country, his brothers coming with him. He and Mr. R. Bacon held the first Republican primary, and being the delegate he had to go to Union. Our subject was deputy sheriff under Q.(?) A. Rinehart, the first sheriff of the county, and held the position for a number of years. Also Mr. Austin was deputy county clerk under L.J. Rouse, during all of which time he was steadily improving his ranch and raising cattle. He was also deputy sheriff under Mose Newby (?). Mr. Austin succeeded well with his stock and in addition to a fine bunch of cattle, he has a goodly number of hogs. In addition to all this active service Mr. Austin clerked for a number of years fro Stephenson and Hilt. In 1902, in company with George C. Clarke, Mr. Austin bought the general merchandise stock of the F. D. McCully Company, at Flora, and at the present time he and his partner are doing a fine business. In 1898 Mr. Austin was appointed United States land commissioner and two years later he was elected justice of the peace, also he has served as notary all of the time of his stay at Flora, since 1898. Fraternally, Mr. Austin is affiliated with the A. F. & A.M., Wallowa Lodge, No. 84, with the United Artisans, No. 144, of Flora, and the Sons of the Veterans. He is one of the enterprising men of the county, has done a goodly amount towards the development and advancement of the country and is deserving of the esteem and respect given him by the people. His father lives in the Paradise valley. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 605, 606 Copyright 1902 Lorenzo Bacon LORENZO BACON. - Who can estimate the labor performed, the hardship endured and the deprivations to those that first opened up this section of the country for their fellows and for the advent of civilization? All praise to men and women who leave pleasant homes in the east, cross the weary plains to settle in the wilds of nature and build homes for themselves. Of this worthy number, especial mention must be made of the distinguished gentleman whose name heads this paragraph, and who was one of the earliest settlers, if not the first settler, on Lost Prairie, in the northern part of Wallowa county. And it is with pleasure that we accord a representation to him in the history of the county, because he has labored assiduously and constantly since his advent here for the development of the same, manifesting meanwhile qualities of endurance and skill that have commended him to his fellows, while his sound principles, his uprightness, his integrity, and geniality have stamped him as one of the most prominent men of this section. Upon, December 23, 1858, at Pleasant Grove, Minnesota, Lorenzo Bacon first saw the light of the sun, being the son of Rion H. and Clarasa Bacon. The early days of his childhood were spent in his native place and it was in 1859 that he accompanied his parents to Wisconsin. In 1870 they removed to Calhoun county, Iowa, and in 1879 went thence to Phillips county, Kansas, having stopped awhile in the meantime in Nebraska. In these various places, our subject gained a good education from the schools and learned also the art of agriculture. It was in 1882 that he gathered altogether and came by wagon, in company with his parents, across the plains from Kansas to Baker City, arriving in December. On November 13, 1883, they went to Union county, from Baker City. In January, 1884, our subject came with pack animals across the mountains into the Wallowa valley, exploring the various portions of the county and looking for a stock ranch: he settled upon the place where he now lives, three miles north of Arko and seven miles northwest of Flora. The following spring, his parents joined him and since that time they have lived at his place. The farm is well improved, having a ten room dwelling, large barn and other necessary buildings, and is tilled in a very commendable manner. On December 1, 1897, the marriage of Mr. Bacon and Hattie, a native of Wisconsin, and an adopted daughter of John and Mary Rogers, was solemnized, and to bless this happy union, two children have been born. Amy D. and Benjamin C. Mr. Bacon has steadily pursued his way since coming to the county, gaining the proper meed of industry and thrift in a good holding of property consisting of his lands, buildings and stock, while his integrity and uprightness have commended him to his fellows and he stands as one of the prominent men of the community to-day. Our subject's father is a native of New York, born in October, 1822, and came to California in 1849, and there superintended the erection of the first building in Sacramento. The mother was born in New York on December 14, 1840, and they both live with their son. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 626, 627 Copyright 1902 William H. Bacon WILLIAM H. BACON has the distinction of being one of those who assisted in bringing the wilds of nature to well tilled farms and building thereupon comfortable homes in this section of the county, and much credit is due these worthy pioneers for this praiseworthy work. It is with pleasure that we accord to this gentleman representation in the history of Wallowa county, since he has done much towards the development of the county and the material progress since he has been here. His life of morality and uprightness has been an example in the community where he has resided and his sound principles and sagacity have commended him to his fellows in every respect. On January 28, 1895, occurred the marriage of Mr. William H. Bacon and Mrs. Mary (Knight) McGinnis, a native of Kansas, and a pioneer to Walla Walla in 1882. Three children as follows have been the fruits of this union: Mary E. Sarah R.; and William H. Very much credit is due to the man whose hands, against all the hardships and deprivations of pioneer life, have developed the land, bringing the country into subjugation from the wilds of nature and the savage that roamed here and making it the abode of civilization. In this commendable work Mr. Bacon has done his part and also as a substantial, intelligent and upright citizen he has been foremost and forward in political matters, educational affairs and all that was for the advancement of his community. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 624, 625 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM J. BEACH WILLIAM J. BEACH. - Although the subject of this sketch has not resided in Oregon as long as some within Wallowa county, still he is nevertheless a true pioneer, having wrought with faithfulness for the welfare of other sections and since coming to this region has made commendable efforts in the development of the resources of the county and in the material progress of the same, while he has ever manifested excellent capabilities and showed both zeal and integrity, coupled with which are sound principles and sagacity that dominate a tireless energy and constant industry. Mr. Beach was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, on March 13, 1852, being the son of Dr. Joshua A. and Hettie A. (Lynch) Beach. He received a good education in the schools of Bloomfield, and in Smithville College in Wayne county, and thus fortified he began the labors of life for himself at the age of twenty-three years. At that time he migrated to Kirksville, Missouri, laboring there for a time and then returned to Ohio. In his native state, on November 7, 1877, Mr. Beach married Miss Ruvilla D., daughter of Edward J. and Cynthia (Smith) Carpenter, and then he returned to his home in Missouri, where he wrought with energy and wisdom, being numbered with the leading agriculturists of his section until 1890. In that year he took the long journey across the plains to the Web-foot state, arriving in Lagrande in due time, where he remained until the following spring and then came to Wallowa county, selecting here the place where he now lives, two miles north from Paradise, and entering a homestead right. He at once set to work to improve the farm and he now has it all well fenced and under cultivation and has comfortable buildings, and is numbered with the leading agriculturists of his community. Mr. Beach has a goodly portion of stock cattle and horses, as well as other property. While he commenced his career with the capital of two good hands and dauntless spirit with plenty of pluck, he has accumulated a generous portion of the goods of this world that make life comfortable, and his skill and financial ability have been well manifested in this worthy achievement. To Mr. And Mrs. Beach there have been born the following children: Lillie E., Nellie M., Hettie C., Mable N. (deceased), Shannon Dale and Zelpha A. The two oldest of these children have been thoroughly educated and are now making a commendable record in the work of the educator, being both employed in the county, where they take rank with the best instructors of Wallowa county. The next daughter is a diligent student and bids fair to equal her sisters in successful pedagogy. Mr. Beach has always taken a praiseworthy interest in educational matters and has done much for their advancement both in this county and elsewhere, while also he has manifested the interest proper to the intelligent citizen in the affairs of the county and in politics generally. Mr. Beach is one of the substantial citizens of our county and he has the confidence of all his fellows and is a valuable addition to our population. F. C. BRAMLET F. C. BRAMLET. - A pioneer to this state, and a man who has wrought in all the occupations incident to the pioneer's life, being also attended with many hardships, the subject of this sketch is to-day one of the most respected and admired residents of Wallowa county, and we are pleased to accord to him a representation in this volume that purports to chronicle the events of the history of the county and also the lives of its leading citizens, since he has been a potent factor in the establishment of the institutions of the county, and has been a faithful supporter of good government here for thirty years, while his personal qualifications eminently fit him for the prominent place that he holds in the esteem of his fellows. In 1827 F. C. Bramlet was born in Franklin county, Georgia, being the son of Nathan and Jane (Gober) Bramlet. When he was six months old his parents came to McMinn county, Tennessee, and in 1833 they removed thence to the Cherokee purchase and in 1843 came to southwestern Missouri. It was as early as in 1852 that they joined the army that was wending its way toward the Pacific coast. The train was attacked with the cholera, and the parents died on the banks of the Snake river, within three days of each other, sixteen of the party died and our subject came near passing away. He was left with three sisters and two brothers to care for. They wended their way on the rest of their sad journey and settled in Yam Hill county. There Mr. Bramlet took up the occupation of rail-splitting, and in this he was cotemporaneous with another illustrious toiler in that realm, although in a different section of the country. Our subject took up a donation claim and then went to the Coos county mines for a time and then returned to his claim in Douglas county, where he wrought until 1871, in the meantime going to California and then to Josephine county, then returning to Douglas county, whence he migrated to Union county, settling near Ladd's canyon, two miles north. As early as the fall of 1871 he entered the territory now embraced in Wallowa county, and took a homestead near the present town of Wallowa. He has the distinction of bringing into the county the first sheep, and he has been a promoter of the industry of raising stock since his domicile here. He was also the first postmaster in the county, holding the position for six and one-half years. Mr. Bramlet was active in the interests of the settlers during the Joseph war and he also served in the war waged against the savages in the Rogue river region in 1855-56. In all of this military service Mr. Bramlet manifested his characteristics of courage, bravery and excellent judgment, with energy. He is one of the most substantial citizens of the county, has wrought with excellent ability during the long years of his residence here, and has been very instrumental in advancing the interests of the citizens and the county in many ways. Mr. Barmlet and Miss Martha Tower, a native of Illinois, were married in Douglas county, Oregon, in 1867, and they have become the parents of the following children: Nathan Henry: Sarah, the first white child born in the county: George, deceased: Mary: Martha: Lewis: Charles: James, deceased. Mrs. Bramlet's parents came to Oregon in 1853 and settled in Douglas county. Her father was a local preacher and while his hands assisted in clearing the wilderness for the crops and fruitage necessary for the weary pilgrims, he also did noble work in ministering to the spiritual needs of the settlers. In the venerable and highly esteemed subject of this sketch, we have one of the excellent men who has always while he wrought, kept himself unsullied in reputation and gained a dignity and strength of character, that commend him to every upright and intelligent person: and now after a long life well spent in the service of his fellows, and in devotion and loyalty to his country, he is passing the golden years of his time in quietness and comfort, while he enjoys the meed of his labors in substantial blessings which he has justly earned. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 565, 566 Copyright 1902 Lewis Berland One of the stanch and substantial citizens of Wallowa county, who has labored steadily for the upbuilding of the community and the advancement of the interests of the county, the subject of this sketch stands to-day at the head of one of the leading industries of the section, and is a man in his life and walk such as to commend him to the esteem and confidence of all people of good judgment and sound principles. Mr. Berland has identified himself with his city and county in such manner that he is always found on the side of those measures that are salutary and upbuilding, while his philanthropic spirit has done much in practical and substantial gifts to the advancement of worthy causes that appeal to him. The thrifty and hardy land of Norway has furnished us many valuable citizens, true-hearted and good, but none among them may be called a leader of the subject of this sketch in these virtues. Lewis Berland was born in Norway, in 1850, being the son of Lewis and Betsey Berland, who came to Minnesota in 1867, settling on a farm in Baker county, where they were highly respected citizens, capable and substantial. The father passed away in 1873 and the mother still lives on the old homestead. While in his native country Lewis learned the harness maker's trade and wrought there for some time, and in 1865, while still a boy, left the rugged headlands and encroaching Fjords of the Norse-land for the new world. He settled first in Minnesota, working there at his trade and also in different parts he followed this craft until he came to Summerville, in Union county, and purchased property in Imbler. In 1891 he engaged in farming in Paradise, continuing until about four years since, when he came to Enterprise and opened a harness and saddle shop. He has, by his faithfulness in his work and by his kind and uniform treatment of his customers, secured a large and ever increasing patronage, which he merits in every particular. Mr. Berland married Miss Isabella Oleson, a native of Minnesota, in 1871, and they have become the parents of ten children, as follows: Oscar, Burt, Lue, Emily, Edna, Laura, Cora, Jennie, Gust, deceased, an infant, deceased, and Matilda, deceased. Mr. Berland is a member of the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 153, of Enterprise. He is a careful, upright man, capable and enterprising, and always ready with a hand to assist a fellow in distress, and these noble qualities, couple with his faithfulness and uniform geniality, have own for him hosts of friends and he is highly respected by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 589 Copyright 1902 Russel Basim RUSSEL BASIM. - One of the early pioneers of Wallowa county, a man possessed of sound principles and dominated with wisdom and talents of a high order, the subject of this sketch is well fitted for representation in this history of Wallowa and Union counties, since also he has wrought here for the advancement of the county's interests and has constantly manifested unswerving integrity and moral qualities that have given him the admiration and confidence of all of his fellows, and he is today numbered with the leading agriculturists of the county and is a substantial citizen. Mr. Basim was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, on September 15, 1833, being the son of Joseph and Sarah (Russel) Basim. While still a child, he went with his parents to Washington county of his native state and grew to manhood there, gaining a good education in the public schools and assisting his father in the work of the farm. At the age of twenty-three he went to Athens county and there followed farming until the year 1865, in which year he removed to Macon county, Missouri, and there was numbered with the agriculturists until 1880. In the spring of that year he fitted out teams and made the long weary journey across the plains that was so popular in the times of the early fifties. He came to Cove, Union county, and leaving his family there, he came over to wallowa valley and sought out a homestead. Then he returned to Cove and wintered there with his family and in the spring of 1883 he brought them to his homestead, which is three and one-half miles south from Enterprise. In his former labors in the east, fortune had not smiled upon him as was wished and so when he started here after the expense of the long journey and the winter's cost in a new country, he had but little capital to assist him in making his western home. In this place, dame fortune has been more free in the dispensation of her good things and Mr. Basim has been prospered constantly and is now one of the well to do farmers of the community and is possesed of plenty to make life comfortable and happy. His farm is well improved with necessary buildings, is all fenced and all under cultivation and produces well. In addition to general farming he raises stock. He also owns an interest in an irrigating ditch and this enhances the value of his land as he is enabled to augment the yield by the use of water. In the fifties, Mr. Basim married Miss Sarah E., daughter of Barney and Ann Nolan, the nuptials occuring in Washington county, Ohio. Five children have blessed this union, as follows: Judson; Dora, wife of James B. Kooch, near Enterprise; John, married to Lilly Akins and living near Barnesville, Idaho; Malinda; Elizabeth, wife of Carl Whitmore, near Enterprise. Mr. Basim has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1863. He is one of the substantial, wise and enterprising citizens and he and his wife are valuable members of society, being esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 543, 544 Henry W. Beecher HENRY W. BEECHER.-The list of the real pioneers of Wallowa county would be sadley incomplete, as also the enumeration of the leading citizens of today, were there failure to add that of the worthy gentleman, and capable and patriotic citizen, whose name is at the head of this article and who is one of the prominent agriculturists of our county having wrought here since the earlist settlements and in addition to this, he is one of the immortal number who stepped to the front ranks when the call came from Columbia to her sons for strong arms to defend her honor. Mr. Beecher was born near Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, on May 17, 1849, being the son of Jesse and Helen B. Beecher. He was reared on a farm having rather limited opportunity to attend school, which lack has however, been amply made up for in the personal research that he has prosecuted since. In 1858, the family removed to Adair county, Missouri, and the father died in 1861, and the mother in 1865. Although but a lad a few days past fifteen years of age, our subject enlisted in Company A, Thirty-ninth Missouri Volunteers, on August 6, 1864. He was soon plunged into the terrors of war and the spirit that animated him was given ample chance to assert itself, and right nobly did he rise to the occasion. From Hannibal, Missouri, where they were mustered in, they were soon to be thrown into the horrible Centralia massacre, where our subject was one of eight who escaped with life, the entire remainder of the company being killed. He assisted in running General Price out after his last raid. He also participated in many skirmishes, and on July 19, 1865, he was honorably discharged from the service. He is a member of the G.A.R., John F. Reynolds Post. No. 15, in Enterprise. For two years he served as commander of his post. Immediately after the war, he returned to the home place in Missouri and in 1867 he was one who accompanied General Marcia, chief inspector of the United States troops to New Mexico. During this trip they had difficulty with the Indians and on one occasion the savages succeded in cutting off the captain of the train and also the wagon master. This occurred between forts Lyon and Dodge and the captain was wounded and with him was one private. In addition the Indians stampeded some of the stock and did other depredations. In the same year, Mr. Beecher returned to Missouri and in 1869 went to Kansas, thence to Arkansas and from that state to Tennessee and then back to his home in Missouri. It was in 1874 that he was stirred by the desire to see the western country, and in that year he came via San Francisco and Portland to Washington county, Oregon. Two years subsequent to that time he came to the Grande Ronde valley and in the spring of 1877 he came to the Wallowa valley and selected his present home place which is two and three-fourths miles south and three-fourths of a mile west from Enterprise. He immediately set to work to improve the homestead and he has steadily prosecuted the related industries of general farming and raising stock since that time. He now has a good farm well improved, having commodious barn and excellent residence with all other accessories to a well regulated farm. He has also plenty of water for the place. During the Indian war of 1878 he had his share of hardship and suffering from the savages and stood dauntless in the defense of the settlers. On March 7, 1872, Mr. Beecher married Miss Margaret Wilson, a native of Missouri, and to them have been born the following children: Thomas L.,: Jessie A., wife of Charles Cowles, near Huntington: Harry F., deceased: James O,: Mary E. wife of John W. Johnson of Joseph: Edna M. and Mary E., twins: Elsie C.: Lelia M: Maggie G.: Nora E. Mr Beecher holds an enviable place in the estimation and confidence of the people of the county and he is worthy of this generous bestowal of approval of his life and ways. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 539, 540 Charles C. BEGGS CHARLES C. BEGGS. - Deceased. - No grander monument can be placed at the head of the grave of any man than the noble work that the pioneers did in this section of the country, when they fought back the bloodthirsty hordes of savages and invaded the wilds of nature, to reclaim for homes and civilization's abode these regions which was done at the expense of much trying labor, great hardships, perils of serious nature and self-denial all the way through. Among this worthy class and deserving of special honor for his faithful life and excellent achievements, is the esteemed subject of this memoir, to whom we grant the tribute of an appreciative and kind people, and which his memory especially deserves. Mr. Beggs was born in Cass county, Illinois, on June 20, 1839, where his early childhood days were spent. Later he went to Kansas, and in 1871 he crossed the plains to Silver City, Idaho, making the entire trip with wagons. In the fall of 1872 he came to the Wallowa valley and he assisted to build the first wagon road into this favored spot. Being thus one of the most to be remembered pioneers of this county. On November 15, 1868, Mr. Beggs married Miss Jennie Gaston at Oswego, Kansas, and to them were born three children: John G., born December 24, 1869: Henry C., born May 8, 1872: and Harvey F., deceased. Mr. Beggs enlisted in the Twenty-first Illinois Infantry, Company E. on June 24, 1861, as private, but was discharged on account of disability on October 10 of the same year. On March 10, 1862, he re-enlisted in the same company for three years and served throughout the entire war, being honorably discharged at the close. He was promoted to second lieutenant on January 22, 1864. He participated in many skirmishes and numerous battles and was with Sherman on the memorable march to the sea. Fraternally he was affiliated with the Masons. On June 11, 1873, while Mr. Beggs was working to preserve the Wallowa river bridge from the danger of driftwood he accidentally fell into the torrent and was drowned. His death was mourned sincerely by all who knew him and he left a record good and true. His son, John G., owns a half section of land on Mud creek, all well improved, and also he has a half interest in two hundred and eighty acres near Chico, which is also well improved and his property interests demonstrate him to be one of the leading men of this section. Henry C. owns three hundred and twenty acres four and one-half miles east from Wallowa. This is well improved and is a valuable place. He also is numbered with the prominent men of the county. John G. is a member of the Masons and of the Maccabees. The mother is now Mrs. William R. Minor, near Wallowa. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 617, 618 Copyright 1902 George M. Cannon GEORGE M. CANNON.-Any work which purports to give in review the leading points in the career of the prominent citizens of Wallowa county would be open to serious criticism were there failure to incorporate within it an epitome of the life of the esteemed gentlemen whose name heads this article, and who has labored here constantly from the time of the early settlement of the north part of Wallowa county untill the present, manifesting, meanwhile, commendable intelligence, activity and energy, together with uprightness and sound principles, which have commended him to the esteem and confidence of his fellows in every respect, and it is with pleasure that we are now permitted to grant him space for the salient points of his life's career. The birth of George M. Cannon was in Jasper county, Iowa, on September 3, 1863, being the son of A. L. and Alice Cannon. In 1872 he accompanied his parents to Marion county, Oregon, and in the fall of 1877 he went with his mother to Anatone, Asotin county, Washington. At the early age of ten years our subject started into the battle of life for himself, his first occupation being riding horses, in which he became very expert. He followed this business for a number of years and soon left Asotin county and went to the scene of the construction of the Northern Pacific Railroad from Thompson Falls, Montana, to Sprague, Washington. For a number of years he was found along this line in various occupations, and in 1882 he went back to Turner, Marion county, Oregon, and there attended the high school for two years and more, gaining thus a completion of his education, which had begun years previously. In the spring of 1884, he went to Sutter county, California, being occupied in various work until the fall and then visited his mother in Asotin county, staying there until 1885. In the spring of that year he came to Lost Prairie, landing here on April 1. He worked at various occupations in the county until he was twenty-one years of age, and then entered a homestead at his present place, which is five and one-half miles north of Flora, and one-half mile northeast of Arko. His capital when he came into the county consisted of two horses and one saddle, and an abundance of pluck and two willing hands for work. From that time until the present he has quietly and steadily pursued his way and is one of the prominent agriculturists of the county, having improved his farm with buildings, orchards and so forth, and he is now one of the well-to-do men of this section. His farm consists of two hundred and forty acres and is very rich, the soil producing abundant crops to reward his husbandry. When Mr. Cannon came to this section there were but four settlers on Lost Prairie and he was one of the early pioneers that opened it to the advent of civilization. The marriage of Mr. Cannon and Miss Mira F., daughter of James J. and Mary E. Stanley, occurred on November 26, 1891, and to them have been born the following children: Christal, Everett L., Edna, Jetty and Verne. Mrs. Cannon's parents were natives of Ohio, and came to the Wallowa valley in 1883, being pioneers of the county. Previous to her marriage Mrs. Cannon was engaged in the work of instruction in the county, and ranked with the leading educators of this section, having the distinction of teaching the first school in the northern part of the county; also, she worked in the printing office, setting type upon the first paper published in Wallowa county, the Chieftain. Although one of the younger citizens of the county, Mr. Cannon has already achieved a success very enviable and praiseworthy, having manifested during the time of his residence within the borders of Wallowa county both energy, thrift and industry, coupled with sagacity and wisdom and dominated by a spirit broad and interested in the welfare of the public affairs, while he has constantly manifested upright principles and stability that have commended him to the esteeem of all his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 541, 542 Jim Stanley has more information on this family. Back to top of page JAMES W. CHENOWETH JAMES W. CHENOWETH. Deceased. - Capable, progressive and conscientious, the subject of this memoir is worthy of representation in any volume that purports to detail the lives of its leading men, and it is with pleasure that we are enabled to give space here to mention the salient features in his interesting career. Mr. Chenoweth was a man of broad views and a good public spirit, while his abilities and energy were commensurate with the stanch integrity and intrinsic moral worth which he constantly manifested in his course of uprightness and worthy achievement. On April 10, 1860, James W. Chenoweth was born near Bedford, Taylor county, Iowa to William T. and Minerva Chenoweth. During his youthful days his time was divided between gaining a good education, assisting his father on the farm and in learning the carpenter trade, and to his credit be it mentioned that he was very successful in each line. At the age of eighteen he was ready to enter the Agricultural College at Manhattan, Kansas, and thither he went, continuing in that institution until he graduated. Following this important event in his life he went to teaching for a time, but not being enamored of the confinement gave up the profession and turned his attention more particularly to the prosecution of his trade. His proficiency in it will be understood when we mention that for a number of years he wrought for the Pullman Car Company, which company requires a high grade of skill in its workmen. He also was engaged with a piano firm for a time. After spending some years in this work he turned toward the west, selecting Wallowa county as his destination. He secured a homestead near Enterprise, which afterward he sold and then purchased a farm near the mountains, it being well improved. Subsequent to this he purchased the present home place of one quarter-section, which is situated three and one-half miles southwest from Enterprise. This farm used to be owned by the venerable and worthy couple who were well known throughout the county as the earliest settlers here, being Mr. And Mrs. Thomas H. Veasy. The farm now owned by Mrs. Chenoweth is the first one taken in this part of the country. Mr. And Mrs. Veasy were very estimable people and were beloved by all for their real worth and for their faithful labors. The place is well improved, having good house, commodious barn and substantial outbuildings and is tilled in a skillful manner. Mr. Chenoweth was married to Miss Amanda A., a native of Willamette valley, and a daughter of Edward and Sarah J. (Roberts) Parrish, pioneers to that country in 1850, and the nuptials occurred on November 1, 1884. Six children were born as the fruit of this happy union, their names being as follows: Clara B., Horace C., Murrel R., Herbert, Grace L., and Ruth M. Mrs. Chenoweth's mother died in January, 1898, near Enterprise, and her father has removed to the Willamette valley to reside. Our subject and his worthy wife always took an active interest in Sunday school and in church work, and demeaned themselves in such a commendable manner that they won the confidence of all. In the spring of 1901, Mr. Chenoweth was attacked by pneumonia and although all was done that love and skill could accomplish the messenger of death snatched away his prize on March 4th. of that year. His remains were interred in the Alder cemetery and it was a time of sincere mourning when the good and beloved man was laid to rest. The widow has taken up the added burdens of life in a commendable manner and is going forward with them nobly. She is esteemed and confided in by all and is a valuable member of society. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 548, 549 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page James W. Childers "History Of Union And Wallowa Counties" Oregon History Center Book - Portland, Oregon It is hardly probable that in a humble sketch, as is this article, there could real justice be done the life of a worthy pioneer as is he whose name is at the beginning of the paragraph, for what page has yet pictured as it is the life of a pioneer? Hardships that are more trying than can be described, dangers on every hand that those living in the security of a civilized community can not understand, self-denials at every turn, and labors without respite, all of these endured and much more besides, fell to the lot of the brave man who faced the west in the early sixties and made this country what it is today. James W. Childers was a man who took his full share in this arduous work and to him it is just that there should be accorded proper representation in the work that gives his county's history, and also, too, because of his own excellent personal characteristics of capabilities and moral worth. On October 24, 1848, near Memphis, Scotland county, Missouri, James W. was born to James L. and Mary J. (McDowell) Childers. The father enlisted in Price's army and served eighteen months, being honorably discharged at the close of that period. In 1865 the family came across the plains, settling in Union county, one and one-half miles northwest from Summerville. The father lived on that farm for thirty years, till the time of his death, which occurred on November 1, 1896. The mother died in Summerville on April 21, 1901. Our subject lived with his father until his marriage, which occurred on June 5, 1870. Miss Emma J., daughter of John Q. A. and Louisa (Stout) Tice, then becoming his wife. Mrs. Tice came to Marion county in 1843 from Iowa, being the second train that wound its way across the dreary plains, and much trouble was experienced with the savages. Mr. Tice was a native of New Jersey and came by the ocean to Portland in 1845. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born seven children: Charles L., deceased; Clara A., wife of John Rhodes, of Elgin; Lillie M., wife of William Ikle, of New York City; William F., married to Cora Morelock of Leap; Dora E., wife of Frederick Becker, of Elgin; Albert L.; Amos E. Mr. and Mrs. Ikle are now on a tour through Europe. Mr. Ikle is a wealthy Swiss manufacturer, whose interests are at Gaull,in Switzerland, he being a prominent man of his country. Mr. and Mrs. Childers lived on their farm near Summerville until 1892, then moved to Elgin, on a farm, afterward moving into the town, and in 1899 he came to his present place of two hundred and eighty acres, two and on-half miles southeast from Leap. His farm is well improved and tilled and is a valuable place. He also handles considerable stock. Mr. Childers is a charter member of the I. O. O. F., Wallowa Lodge, No. 154, and he also affiliates with the Masons. He is one of the earliest pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley and there, as well as here, he has always labored for the advancement of the country and the interest of the people, while also he has labored assiduously for the cause of education and constantly for better facilities for this worthy work, and in all of his relations he has demeaned himself as a man of uprightness, probity and sincerity, coupled with ability and integrity. Submitted by: Tom Childers Portland, Oregon User633879@AOL.com Back to top of page SAMUEL D. COLE SAMUEL D. COLE-When the history of Wallowa county is written, the names of the pioneers are first, when the history of our nation is written let the names of those who fought her battles appear first. In both of these commendable positions appears the gentleman whose name heads this paragraph, and it is with especial (sic) pride and pleasure that we grant him representation in this volume. He was one of those noble men who assisted to open this county; and when dark clouds hung thick over our nation, the banner had been subjected to insult, and freedom's institutions were trembling before the enemies' attack, he was quick to throw himself into the breech and he fought faithfully during the entire time of the war of the Rebellion, being valorous and intrepid in battle, faithful in military duty, and upright and true in all his relations. Samuel D. Cole was born on May 30, 1843 in Marshall county, Tennessee, being the son of William P. and Elizabeth Cole. The early years of his life were spent with his parents, gaining in this time a good education, and spending the rest of his time with his father upon the farm. While still a child, the parents removed to Hardin county, Illinois, and in 1852 they went thence to Jasper county, Iowa. In that county, in August 1862, when yet but ninteen years of age, our subject enlisted in Company I, Thirty-ninth Volunteer Iowa Infantry and from that date until the close of the war Samuel D. Cole was known as one of the most courageous and intrepid fighters that ever shouldered a musket. He was with General Sherman at the battle of Cross Roads; he fought in the battle of Altoona Mountain, and at Buzzard Roost and also participated in numerous other battles and skirmishes. At Altoona he was taken prisoner, afterward being released, when he joined his regiment and fought until the last enemy had laid down his gun and the last insult to the flag had been wiped out. During this entire time he received but one slight wound and upon June 25, 1865, he laid down the implements of war and repaired to the quiet industry of life. At the present he is a prominent member of the G.A.R. post at Flora, and it is with pleasure that we point to the career of the noble man who stood faithfully in this time of danger. Immediately subsequent to his discharge, he went to his home in Iowa, and in 1866 went to Johnson county, Nebraska: whence in the summer of 1879, he emigrated to the Grande Ronde valley, living there until 1887, when he came to his present home, situated seven miles northwest of Flora and two miles north of Arko. On January 28, 1867, in Johnson county, Nebraska, the marriage of Mr. Cole and Miss Lucy Greenfield was celebrated and to them have been born the following children. Charles, near Hereford, Baker county: William, James, Jack, Hattie, wife of William Fordice: Ada, deceased: and Albert. On June 7, 1882, in the Grande Ronde valley, the messenger of death entered the home of Mr. Cole and snatched his beloved companion and true wife. Her remains lie in the Grande Ronde valley until this day. Mr. Cole with his three sons, James, Jack and Albert, owns one section of fine land where they live. It is all well fenced and improved in an excellent manner and they are among the leading agriculturists and stockmen of Wallowa county. In addition to this it is our pleasure to state that Mr. Cole is highly esteemed by all his fellows and has conducted himself in such a sagacious and prudent manner, coupled with uprightness and sound principles, that he has won the admiration and approval of all who are acquanted with him. This biographical sketch taken from: The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Western Publishing Company - 1902 Back to top of page A Short History of the Coverdale Family from 1859 to 1959 by Lulu May (Coverdale) Holmes in 1959. One hundred years ago Zedoc Jackson Coverdale and Rachel Elizabeth Morrison were married in the state of Iowa. He was commonly called "Jack" by everyone except Rachel, to whom he was always "Zed". Rachel Morrison was born in Monroe, Wisconsin. Her father was a Methodist minister. He died, leaving a young widow, Rebecca Elizabeth, with two small children, Rachel and her brother John James. Both were just old enough to remember how concerned they were when a few days after their father had been buried in the cemetery near their home, they heard someone pounding the board fence around the cemetery while mending it. They rushed to mother for her to come quickly for they thought their father was trying to get out of the grave. But this mistake caused them to hear the beautiful story of the resurrection, which they never forgot. Sometime later their mother married Allen Broxson, a widower with several children, and later they had other children, so it was quite a large family, girls predominating. They moved from Wisconsin to Iowa. It was there that Rachel, a young lady of fifteen years, met her future husband. The family was returning from church, a wagon load of girls, when they met and passed Coverdale and another young man as both parties were crossing the bridge. Rachel, whose short hair nearly reached her shoulders because she had taken off her hair net, was sure the young man who looked at her so intently was criticizing her. But what he was really saying to his friend was, "There goes my future wife, the one with the black hair". It was not long after that decision that they were married. She was barely sixteen. He was running a blacksmith shop and as was the custom at that time a newly married man wore white shirts to his work every day. Poor Rachel, to uphold the bride's side of the custom in the sight of all her neighbors, quite wore herself out as well as the shirts, to have them looking just so, as they hung on the line and were inspected by passersby. Their first child, Theodore, was born in less than a year. His smallness caused one of her girl friends to ask why she did not carry him in her pocket. Playfully she sat him in one of the large outside pockets of her coat, which was plenty large for him. But Theodore was only three months old when he died. It was not long after that, when they decided to leave Iowa and head for the Oregon Country out west. It was a long journey, taking nearly a year. They travelled in the usual covered wagon. Their horses, Marg and Gamborine, were a fine team, but this fact came near to bringing them much trouble. After they reached Independence, Missouri, they joined a large caravan. One morning when they were preparing for the day's trek, it was discovered that their team was missing. But after much discussion the captain decided to lay over for just one day in order that the team might be searched for. Before night they were found securely tied in a thick grove of trees, miles from where they had camped. They never learned who hid them out, but it was evidently someone from the company they were traveling with, as there were not any Indians along the way. Later they saw many Indians along the route, but they had no serious trouble with them. They often saw the bodies of dead Indians, usually children, wrapped in blankets and hung up very carefully in the top of high trees, to shorten their route to the happy hunting grounds. They reached the Oregon Country, September 17, 1861, and camped for the night on the banks of the Umatilla River. As a group of men sat around the Coverdale campfire that evening spinning yarns, they were very much surprised when it was announced to them by one of the camp women that a baby daughter had just been born to the Coverdales. At first her parents named her Umatilla, but it was shortened to Utilla, or Tillie as she was always called. On hearing that there was need of another blacksmith in Walla Walla the family first settled there and Jack set up a gunsmith shop. Later on they moved to a homestead a few miles out of town on Russell Creek. There on the homestead or in the town seven more children were born to them: Marion, Ida, Bessie, Willie, Lulu, Birdie and Osa. The summer of 1875 was spent out in the John Day Country on the Oregon side, where their many friends were all Indians who also camped there for the summer. This vacation was advised for the health of the oldest boy Marion, after a long siege of pneumonia. He and the father enjoyed the outing immensely as they both loved to hunt and fish and it sure worked miracles for the boy's health. But it was very hard on the mother, who had five children by then. The youngest, Lulu May, a mere babe, who spent most of time lying in a basket watching and cooing at the rustling leaves much to the delight of the older children, who later talked of it so much that it was so impressed on the child's mind that she grew up firmly believing that she could remember those days very clearly. After selling the homestead the family moved up on Mill Creek and kept a dairy for two or three years. To the children this was a wonderful place with all its wilderness.Just before the last child, Osa, was born the family moved back to the Walla Walla country and the father took up his old trade. But about a year later, he moved his family and his business to Milton on the Oregon side. There had been so much sickness in the family, he was trying to get away from it. But here Bessie came down with typhoid fever and lay sick in bed for a long time. In the meantime someone had told him at the shop what a wonderful healthy place the Wallowa country was, so he decided to move over there the next year. For some reason they did not get started till rather late in the fall. When the family started out, all but Tillie, who had lived near Milton with an aunt and uncle for several years, finally marrying the uncle's partner, William Wesley McQueen, left for Wallowa. The father rigged up a covered wagon like they had crossed the plains in years before, and with the rest of the family started for the Wallowa country. This was in 1881 and the roads were still very bad. Large rocks protruding out of the ground would all but shake the wagon apart, the hills were very steep and the grading poor. When they reached the Minam Hill descent, the children who could walk were sent ahead, down a steep path that wound around rim rocks all the way down. The father cut down a fir tree, perhaps twenty-five feet tall and tied it behind the wagon to help as a brake, going down the steep road. When the bottom was reached, the people at the toll bridge showed them the almost perpendicular hill across the Wallowa River, where the first people to go into the Wallowa Valley to settle, had drawn their wagon up piece by piece, as well as all their other possessions; using blocks and tackle, then following the ridge down till it sloped into the valley. But the family later found, much to their consternation, that the narrow road following the nine mile river canyon was almost as frightening, much of it on high banks overlooking the river. A short time before they went through, a team and wagon had been pushed off over the bank into the river by a herd of cattle being driven into the valley to be put on open range. When the Coverdales met a large herd being driven out to market and they tried the same trick by trying to rush in above the team and wagon, the father stood up on the wagon seat and with a horse whip beat the leading cattle over their heads, fighting them back till they turned below. After that Marion was sent ahead to worn teamsters and cattle men that a wagon with a family was coming on the road. That was necessary because there were only a few places where even teams could pass. They had been warned by the people they had met all along the way against a certain man. They said, "He always tries to rope in all new comers and keep them until he got most of their money". Before they reached the upper end of the valley for which they were headed; it began to snow so hard they could not see the road, so they stopped at the first house they came to and asked for shelter; only to learn later it was the very place they had been warned about. But they were glad, not only to be sheltered by him for the night, but for the small house they rented from him for the winter. And also for the privilege of buying such fine vegetables and meat from him. The first place the family went after they got settled in their little house was to view Wallowa Lake. They took the team and wagon and rode as far up the lake hill as they could. Then they walked on to the top of the hill, carrying the youngest child who was only two years old. The beautiful sight was well worth the climb. The high mountain on the other side was clearly reflected in the blue waters for the full four mile length of the lake. The snow capped showing its clear reflection far out toward the center. There was no road beside the lake in those days and the view was open for miles. The father and oldest son rolled several rocks the size of a large range down the hillside to splash into the waters below. It was a hard winter, the coldest they had ever witnessed, but the children enjoyed getting out to play in the deep snow. But as usual the mother did not have such a good time, first having the care of a sick child, and then all the winter having to cook for seven members of the family over a fire place. But the wonderful loaves of bread that were turned out of the Dutch oven in its bed of coals, were long remembered,. In the spring, after the snow was gone and ground covered with butter cups, the family moved on up to the head of the valley and camped in two large tents while a home was being built on the forty acre tract of large pine trees that had been bought to build a home on. Pine trees were felled, cut into lengths of the lumber required and hauled to a nearby sawmill; extra logs being exchanged for the work of sawing the lumber for the house and blacksmith shop. A place was cleared for a large garden which produced carrots, potatoes and rutabagas to the wonderment of all. Some rutabagas were so large they wouldn't go inside a large milk pail and were so crisp it was fun to cut them up into small pieces to feed the cow as well as the family. And early Rose potatoes perhaps averaged ten inches in length. The deep warm snow that lay on the ground so may months seemed to add great vitality to the soil. But only the hardiest vegetables could withstand the late frosts. The vegetables were stored in pits, or holes dug in the earth lined with dry grass or straw, and the vegetables also covered over with the same, then covered with a foot or more of dirt. When the pits were opened up in the spring the vegetables were like fresh ones from the gardens. Like everyone else in the valley, they also had an underground cellar for storing food to use during the winter. They were only entered on the warmer days and then only through a passageway. One real cold winter day, as the father was starting out to tour the forty acres on his snowshoes, Osa asked to go with him 'pick a back'. He told him to go in the house where it was warm and when he came back the mother would wrap him up good and warm and he would take him for a ride. But the child misunderstood and rushed right in the house to be wrapped up warm so he could go for a snowshoe ride at once. An hour or two later the father returned and came into get the child only to find him gone out in the cold and snow. It took sometime to track him down for he had followed different snowshoe tracks going in different directions. He had wallowed through brush and over logs, leaving a shoe here and a stocking there and many torn bits of clothings clinging to the brush. He was finally found caught between two lower rails of the line fence trying to get to the road. His legs were frozen up to his knees. They brought him in and immersed his legs in a deep five gallon can filled with right cold water. Then he was lifted out with a coating of ice which formed perfect stockings on his legs. This ice was peeled off and again his legs were put into cold water till another coating of ice formed to be peeled off. Then his legs were poulticed with scraped raw rutabagas. This shows the faith and ingenuity of those early pioneers often living far from a doctor. This simple care worked wonders for the boy never suffered any bad results whatever from being frozen. The Wallowa Country, while proving its healthy climate, did dispense many accidents which called for quick and wise handling. The whole family helped out with the food proposition. They divided, part of them going down to camp by the Wallowa River and catch red fish, as they were called, as they came up the river in large groups called 'schools', to spawn in the lake. They were about the size of small salmon, and much better flavored when caught in the river. One morning when the run was extra good, Marion refused to leave the river to go to camp for breakfast, so Lulu May carried his breakfast to him in a milk pan for a tray, and stood out to tell him when the water began to look red below. Every time he would leave his breakfast, he would grab the spear and catch five or six of the fish out of that school. That particular morning he caught twenty five just during the breakfast feed. The fish were carefully cleaned and salted down in barrels, generally a thousand pounds or more. As for the other part of the family, they stayed home nights, but spent the days in the mountains picking huckle berries. Two five gallon cans were strapped on one of the horses, back of the saddle; besides the other horses carrying the pails to pick in. They left home about daylight to get to the berry patches in good time. The air was so pure, the sky so blue, and eagles and hawks soared above so gracefully, that they enjoyed the hard work of picking the berries even though they were so small. The girls in going from patch to patch often routed out a bear that was getting his early breakfast. When they reached home in the evening the berries were carefully spread out on paper on the big upstairs floor to dry. It took several fifty pound sacks filled with dry berries to tide them through the year, with only a few strawberries, currants and goose berries beside. But the huckleberry pies were the delight of the family. And another provision was garnered in from hunting. The mountains were full of deer and for the first several years there were no restrictions as to the time of killing them. Much of the venison was dried so they always had a supply on hand even when the weather would not permit hunting. There were also many grouse, pheasants and fool hens to furnish a change of diet; and even better than that, were the wonderful Mountain trout caught in the lakes and streams. Another much appreciated luxury, was the ribs and backbones of the many hogs that were raised in the valley just for bacon for home use and for hauling to the outside market to exchange for flour, sugar, tea, coffee, salt etc. When the meat was prepared for the process of bacon curing, each neighbor loaded up the wagon box on the bobsleds with the backbones and ribs that they had no use for and distributed them around to all the families. Later the compliment would be returned in like manner. Outsiders felt sorry for the pioneers that had gone into that country to settle, but they fared better than many. It took work, lots of it, but no one seemed to mind it. In a few years the father with what little help he got from his children who had grown up and were working for others, had cleared the forty acres of ground and had it in wheat. Before the stumps were burnt out, the younger children were sent out with tin cans and old case knives to collect the coating of pitch from each stump. This was boiled and used in making a boat watertight for use on the lake. Nothing was wasted, for those early pioneers had learned that everything was useful for something. The first school house consisted of one large room, and one small room to accommodate nearly a hundred children, ranging in age from six years old to twenty one and over, especially in the winter time when work was slack. Even with the strictest discipline, it was a noisy place, but somehow they all seemed to learn and were a cheerful, happy lot. This was written in commemoration of the State of Oregon Centennial This biography donated by Pat Higley Lawrence E. Caviness LAWRENCE E. CAVINESS. - There is a special pride that we can take in tracing the career of one of the sons of Oregon, who has gained his education and training in this section and who has wrought out a success for himself that manifests him as a man of ability and business force. Such a one is the subject of this sketch and we are pleased to accord his representation in this volume both because of his bright achievements, that have placed him as eminently successful in the industrial world, and because of his qualities of moral worth and intrinsic value that have constantly shown in his walk. Mr. Caviness was born on August 8, 1869, in Old Lagrande, Union county, being the son of John L. and Cassie E. Caviness, pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley. Our subject received his training at the hands of a wise and capable father and in the schools of his native place, completing it in the Alma Business College in Detroit, Michigan. He remained an inmate of the parental home until he had reached manhood's estate and then stepped forth into action for himself on the plane of life's duties. His first venture was to engage in the butchering business in partnership with his father. They established their headquarters in Lagrande and had branch shops at Island City and Hillgard. For five years he wrought in that capacity, reaping good success as the reward for his energy and industry. Then he sold his business and came to Wallowa county. After due search he purchased the present home place, which is situated seven miles east from Joseph. To this he had added until it is now twelve hundred and forty acres. While he devotes some attention to general farming, he is principally occupied in raising cattle and horses, being especially prosperous in this line. Mr. Caviness married Miss Anna, daughter of J.M. and Mary Mitchell, on June 20, 1900. Mrs. Caviness' parents are pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley and are prominent residents there at the present time. Mr. Caviness is still one of the young men of the county and although he has wrought but a short time compared with some, he is numbered among the leaders in his line of industry and presaging the future by the past we may surely expect from this talented and enterprising young man achievements that will place him with the leading men of our state. He is justly entitled to the respect and confidence of all and in a generous measure he enjoys it. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 593, 594 Copyright 1902 MARSHALL C. DAVIS MARSHALL C. DAVIS. - Before Wallowa county had a separate political existence the subject of this sketch was in this section, redeeming from the savage and the unbroken wilds of nature the country and laboring for the development of the same, and constantly he has so demeaned himself that the confidence of all who know him is freely given him, while his characteristic qualities of uprightness, integrity and excellent capabilities for the business affairs of life have been displayed, and he justly stands to-day in the prominent place that he occupies and enjoys the prestige that his worthy career has gained. In Hancock county, Illinois, on December 19, 1855, Marshall C. first saw the light and is parents. Jesse and Susan (Chambers) Davis, farmers of that county, brought him in 1860 to Linn county, Kansas. There the father continued in farming until 1879, being numbered with the leading agriculturists of that section. In the year last named the entire family came across the plains to Oregon, the father and our subject taking homesteads near Wallowa. In the tilling of his land and in building a home there, Marshall C. was engaged until 1895, in which year he sold that property and built a planing mill in Wallowa. He operated this successfully until 1901, when he sold it to Thomas DeVall. On August 13, 1898, death called hence the father and his remains peacefully sleep in Bramwell's cemetery, near Wallowa. The father was a member of the Masonic fraternity. The mother now lives with her daughter, Mrs. Gowing, on Prairie creek. Mr. Davis and Miss Susie Miller were married in Linn county, Kansas, on March 20, 1879, and three children have been born to them, as follows: Claude E., born September 20, 1882, and died October 12, 1901, being buried in Wallowa cemetery; Maude, born March 10, 1883; Nellie born September 4, 1891. Mrs. Davis was born on March 20, 1850, in Linn county, Kansas, and her father gave his life for the cause of liberty, dying in the Union army during the Rebellion. Mr. Davis is a member of the I.O.O.F., Wallowa Lodge No. tr, in which he holds the office of conductor. He is also a member of the K.O.T.M., Lowland Tent. No 38 and has been sir knight commander since 1897, and is a member of the K. of P. For six years Mr. Davis served in the capacity of notary public and for one term was justice of the peace, in all of which public capacities he acted with uprightness and efficiency. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are devout members of the First Day Adventist church, and are living examples of their faith, while in the community they are held in high esteem by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa County Page 650, 651 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page BURR DEXTER BURR DEXTER. - To this veteran of many conflicts on the arena of life's battles, who has also fought in defence of the flag of freedom, while he has ever demeaned himself with wisdom and valor, we are pleased to accord a representation in this volume of the chronicles of Wallowa county, since also to-day he is one of the venerable builders of our county and a respected and influential citizen. Mr. Dexter was born in Allegany county, New York, on February 2,1830, being the son of Knight and Lucinda (Mapes) Dexter, natives respectively of Virginia and New York. The father was a contractor and builder, operating in New York and Ohio. Our subject was one of the home circle beneath the parental roof until he had attained the age of nineteen and then started forth to 'net the ways of life for himself. He first came to Michigan and worked around St. John and Lansing, and continued until the year 1891. During this time, in the year 1862, he enlisted in the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry and served his time with a good record, being in the army of the Cumberland and participating in a number of battles. As was stated above, in 1891, Mr. Dexter came to Wallowa county and purchased a farm five miles northeast from Wallowa and took up the life of the agriculturist for two years. Then that time of life had arrived when he was privileged to retire from active participation in its arduous and laborious duties and accordingly, he builded him a commodious and modern home in Wallowa and rented his fine estate to his son, Chancey, of whom mention is made in another portion of this work. He purchased his farm for thirteen hundred dollars and since that time he has added improvements until it is of the value of ten thousand dollars. It is now one of the best and most paying estates in the entire county, and does great credit to the wisdom and enterprise of its worthy owner. In 18544, in St. John, Michigan, Mr. Dexter married Miss Elizabeth Wyman, and one child, George B., was the fruit of the union. This helpmeet was taken away by death, and again our subject sought the matrimonial relations, taking for wife this time Miss Ellen J., daughter of Nelson and Phoebe (Gee) Seaton, natives of New York. This happy marriage occurred in Oakland county, Michigan, and four children are the fruit: Nelson; Charles, deceased and buried in Clinton county, Michigan; Chancey; Minnie. Mrs. Dexter was born on November 17, 1837, in New York. Mr. Dexter is highly respected by all who know him, has led a life of uprightness and faithfulness, and is now spending the golden years in quiet enjoyment of the portion that his hands have wrought out for his meed, while he is beloved and admired by all and surrounded with friends and relatives. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 656, 657 Copyright 1902 Carla Leighton is the Great Great Grand daughter of Burr. She writes: Burr Dexter was the father of C.M. Dexter. His name was CHAUNCEY MORDELLO DEXTER. His 2nd wife was Ellen Jane Seaton m: 1 June 1865. ************************************** Henry Edwards and MARY JANE EDWARDS were brother and sister... Mary Jane Edwards married GEORGE BURR DEXTER - (My Great Grandparents) George Burr was the son of BURR DEXTER and Elizabeth P. Wyman... BURR re-married Ellen Jane Seaton and had a son C.M. / Chauncey Mordello Dexter, making him a 1/2 brother to George Burr. C. M. DEXTER C. M. DEXTER. - Among the younger men who have found homes in Wallowa county and are giving their energy and vigor to build up and develop the resources of the same in a manner becoming the noble work that the pioneers did in laying the foundations here, is to be mentioned the industrious and intelligent and capable citizen, whose name is at the head of this article, and who has manifested stanch qualities of moral worth and integrity that are uncompromising and upright. C. M. Dexter was born on March 18, 1877, in Clinton county, Michigan, where also he spent the earlier years of his life, receiving a good education in the public schools and training in various industries. In 1891 he accompanied his father to this country, the latter taking up a homestead. Our subject remained here from three years, being engaged in different occupations, including a service in mechanical lines, then he repaired to his native place in Michigan. There he remained for two and one-half years and then returned to Wallowa county and took a homestead four miles northeast from Wallowa and gave his attention to farming and raising stock. He has doubled the acreage of his homestead and manifest marked skill and capabilities in his agricultural work. On July 10,1898, Mr. Dexter married Miss Laura, daughter of H. C. and Sarah (Conners) Cramer, natives respectively of Illinois and Missouri. To this happy union there have been born two children: Earl, born July 25, 1900: Effie D., born February 5, 1901. Mrs. Dexter was born February 19, 1880. Her father was a farmer in Cedar county, Missouri, and came to the west in 1880. For five years he gave himself to exploration of different parts of the west, and then in 1885 settled in Wallowa county. His home is near that of our subject, and Mr. Cramer is sheriff of the county. Mr. Dexter has made a commendable record for one of the young men of the county and he is considered one of its substantial and enterprising citizens, manifesting ever those qualities that insure success in his undertakings and that are concomitant to the typical man. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 656, 657 Copyright 1902 DAVID DIGGINS DAVID DIGGINS. - Although the subject of this sketch has not resided in Wallowa county so long as some others, nevertheless, he is one of the earliest pioneers of this section, having braved the dangers and suffered the hardships and deprivations in the fifties to assist in opening this country for the advent of civilization's march. Mr. Diggins has lived the life of a typical frontiersman and pioneer, and to him and his companions is due the honor and distinction of discovering the leading placer mines of this northwest country, which in fact rivaled any on the Pacific coast, and during these long years of labor and toil, he has always demonstrated the fine qualities of manhood with which he is so richly endowed, and has steadily labored for the advancement of the county, and the good of all. David Diggins was born in Pennsylvania in 1833, being the son of Samuel and Catherine (Fisher) Diggins, and there he remained until the age of twenty-three, then came to Illinois, then a new country, and gave his attention to farming for two years on the fertile face of the Prairie state. In 1859 he started for Denver, but was led by the glowing reports of the excellent region of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon, to come hither, and he landed in Walla Walla on September 11, 1859. At that early day only two homes were in Walla Walla proper and he sought him a homestead in the vicinity and settled down until the following spring. Then his adventurous spirit led him to seek for gold, and in company with some companions, he went were Pierce City and Oro Fino are not situated, discovering gold there in the same year, 1860. Being assured that they had found fine diggings, they immediately returned to Walla Walla for supplies and then set out for the fields afresh, and soon was opened up the most famous camp of the country and it attracted men from all parts of the world. For eight months our subject gave his attention to searching for the hidden treasure, and then engaged in packing supplies to the miners, so quickly had crowds come to the spot. For two years he continued at that occupation and then returned to his homestead and gave himself to farming. This labor continued uninterruptedly until 1877, at which date he sold his possessions in Walla Walla county and repaired to Umatilla county, taking land and giving his attention there also to producing the fruits of the field. Prosperity attended him in that place as it had also formerly and he was numbered among the leading men of the county. In 1894 he sold out again and came to the famous Wallowa county, settling on a farm seven miles northeast from Joseph. He first owned one hundred and sixty acres, but to this he has added one-half section more, making his estate four hundred and eighty acres of good soil. In addition to this he also owns other property, among which is a house and lot in the town of Joseph, where he resides at the present time, from that point taking a general oversight of his property. During his long career in this country he has devoted himself to raising cattle, horses, and hogs, in addition to general farming and in all his efforts he has gained a gratifying success, and now in the golden time of life's years he is quietly enjoying the fruits of his labor and is secure in the esteem of his fellows and associates. Mr. Diggins married Miss Malvina, daughter of John B and Elizabeth J. (Hembry) Pennington, and a native of the Willamette valley, in 1874, and she has joined her labors to his and together they have trod the path of life, sharing its triumphs and partaking of the sombre shades together also, and now in the days of the ripe years of life, they journey on together, looked up to and admired by all, justly deserving the commendation and esteem that they have earned in their years of faithful toil. Mr. Pennington resides in California, but his wife is dead. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 610, 611 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page JAY H. DOBBIN JAY H. DOBBIN. - Although Wallowa county is distinctively a stock county and there are residing here some of the leading stockmen of the northeastern part of our state, it is capable gentleman whose name is at the head of this article, to state that he is among the heaviest stock owners of the county and is also doubtless one of the largest real estate owners of the county, which demonstrates his excellent capabilities to manage large concerns, besides his ability to gain property, which has been manifested is a commendable manner, and Wallowa county is indebted much to his energy and skill and sagacity, while his uprightness and integrity are quite commensurate with his capabilities. Jay H. was born in DeKalb county, Illinois, on February 12, 1870, being the son of J. J. and Nancy (Tefft) Dobbin, natives of New York. The father was a prosperous farmer in the county mentioned, as well as in Kendall county. He resides there now, but spends much of his time in New York. The father was a prosperous farmer in the county mentioned, as well as in Kendall county. He resides there now, but spends much of his time in New York. The mother passed away on March 10, 1888, at Sandwich, Illinois. Our subject received his educational training in the schools of his native place and under the tutorage of his wise and skillful father, so that when manhood's estate was reached, he was prepared to enter the battle of life in proper manner. At the age of nineteen he left the home scenes and turned toward the boundless west, landing in Union county, where he went to work for a stock man and continued in that capacity for one and one-half years. In 1891 he went to farming for himself, and in 1895 he came to Wallowa county and took up a ranch for himself on the Snake river. To this he has added until he now owns three thousand two hundred and twenty acres of land in Wallowa county alone. Much of this is located adjacent to Joseph. While he attends to this large amount of land, overseeing it in a commendable manner, he is principally engaged in raising sheep, handling about ten thousand stock animals all of the time. In addition to these enterprises he is engaged in raising horses, and in all of his endeavors he has gained a success that testifies stronger than words can do of his ability and practical judgment. On January 8, 1900, in Union county, Mr. Dobbin married Miss M. Etta, a native of Union, and daughter of W. H. and Catherine (Stordles) Huffman, natives, respectively, of Quincy, Illinois, and Memphis, Missouri, mention of whom is made in this volume. To this happy union there have been born one child, Jay H., the date of his advent into life being December 18, 1901. Mr. Dobbin is a member of the Masons, Joseph Lodge, No. 81 and of the A.O.U.W., Joseph Lodge, No. 54. Mr. Dobbin is a practical man and devotes his mind and his skill closely to his business and the result is that he is a leader in the county today and is also esteemed by all and worthy of the admiration that falls to his lot in generous measure. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa County Page 649, 650 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page JOHN DOUGHERTY JOHN DOUGHERTY. - Like many of the most prosperous and enterprising citizens of the county of Wallowa, the esteemed subject of this sketch came hither from the eastern part of the United States and here has wrought with the accumulated wisdom of years and experience gained both in that section of the country and in this, while he has ever been dominated by a high sense of the responsibilities of the position of the enlightened citizen and supporter of our free institution, being in his personal demeanor upright, capable, thrifty and patriotic. John Dougherty was born in Lawrence county, Indiana, in 1837, to James K. and Jane (Snyder) Dougherty, who had settled in that county, but later removed to Missouri, making their home near Pleasant Hill, three and one-half miles east. In this last place they remained until the time of their departure from the labors of earthly life. When the subject of this sketch arrived at the age of maturity he commenced the years of his majority by farming in the neighborhood where he was born, continuing there for about four years and then migrated to Missouri, settling near Pleasant Hill. In that place he was occupied with the agriculturist's life following the path of industry and enterprise for nine years gaining meanwhile the favored success that is the lot of those who operated on the principles mentioned. Fourteen years before this date, 1902, he came to Oregon, being actuated by a spirit to explore the western country, and by that spirit of pioneering that has so laudably wrought in the development of the entire western region. His journey hither was fraught with safety and felicity both to himself and his family, and in due time he was investigating the resources of northeastern Oregon. For a time he remained in Lagrande, gaining information regarding climate productions and all other points that interest the prospective settler, and then came to Wallowa county and settled, taking a homestead and inaugurating action as a stockman. Steadily he pursued this industry and gained success and the esteem and confidence of his new neighbors and today is one of the substantial and well-to-do residents of our county, and stands secure in the respect of all who know him. At the present time, Mr. Dougherty is residing in the town of Wallowa. Mr. Dougherty and Miss Nancy Simson were married in 1858 in Bedford, Indiana, and they became the parents of nine children, as follows: Florence, deceased, and buried in this county: Alice: Laura, deceased, and buried in Missouri: Della: Mary: Minnie: William: Luean infant that died and was buried in Pleasant Hill, Missouri. Before leaving Missouri Mr. Dougherty had the pain of having his faithful wife taken from his side by the messenger of death, and her remains lie buried near Pleasant Hill. She was beloved by all and her demise was a time of sincere mourning. Mr. Dougherty is verging on toward the time of golden years and he has the pleasant privilege of reflecting upon days of labor in faithful achievement and activity in the walks of life for general advancement and upbuilding, while his integrity and stanch principles have always been manifested. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 602, 603 Copyright 1902 Back to top of page JOSHUA A. DOWNING JOSHUA A. DOWNING. - A man of ability and executive force, as is manifested in the results of his faithful endeavor, in the industrial world: a pioneer in at least two different counties of our state: a builder of Wallowa county, and a stanch and upright citizen of the same to-day, the subject of this article is eminently worthy to receive proper representation in this volume that purports both to chronicle the history of Union and Wallowa counties and makes mention as well of the early pioneers, as the leading citizens of to-day: and it is with pleasure that we accord the same to him, while also there should not be failure to mention the estimable moral qualities with which he is endowed and which he has displayed in a long career of commendative achievement. Joshua A. was born on January 5, 1849 (?), in Lafayette, Stark county, Illinois, to James T. and Margaret C. (Smith) Downing. While still a child he was removed by his parents to Knox county in his native state, and on April 24, 1862, they joined Captain Dempsey's train and turned their faces from the scenes of home and civilization to the lands of the settling sun. Forty-seven wagons comprised the train until they reached the station known as Fort Hall, and then twenty-seven came over the balance of the way to Sublimity, Marion county, Oregon. The family settled there and our subject was a member of the home circle until 1868, when he took as wife Miss Katie Ashby, a native of the state of Illinois, and to this happy union, there were born two children: Charlie A., who served three years in the United States navy, beginning with the Spanish war: Katie A., wife of K.L. Davis, in California. In 1870 they removed to Umatilla county and there he wrought until 1878 when death invaded the happy home and snatched, thence the loving mother and wife, and her remains sleep in Marion county. After this sad event, Mr. Downing remained in Umatilla county until the fall of 1887, when he sought out a home place in Wallowa county, the same being located two and half miles west from Leap. His first location was a quarter section, which has grown to the large estate of five hundred and ninety acres. This fine farm is nearly all tilled, well fenced, embellished with excellent residence and large barn and supplied with all the necessary machinery needed on a first class farm. In addition Mr. Downing owns a fine bunch of sheep, a herd of cattle and a band of horses and he is numbered with the leading stockmen of the county. On November 7, 1880, the marriage of Mr. Downing and Miss Ellie A., daughter of Orrin W. and Catharine A. Zerba, of Athena, Umatilla county, was solemnized and they have become the parents of ten children: George O., Frank A., Zelnie R., Joshua A., Guy W., Harvy Z., Clark B., William McKinley, Wilma A. and Roy. In political affairs Mr. Downing is associated with the Republican party and takes the part of the intelligent citizen in these matters, besides being a supporter of good educational facilities, as well as in the progress and development of the county. Mr. And Mrs. Downing are devoted members of the Methodist church, and are active in the promilgation of their faith, while their upright walk and untarnished reputations give a bright and commendable example for others. Mr. Downing is also associated with the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 154, of Wallowa. Mrs. Downing is a native of Wisconsin and was born on July 13, 1862. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 615, 616 HENRY H. EDWARDS HENRY H. EDWARDS. - Prosperous and progressive are the agriculturists and stockmen of Wallowa county, and one among them who was wrought with the energy and intelligence that are characteristic of him in all his ways, is the subject of this sketch, a man of marked capabilities and excellent qualities of moral worth, manifesting always those virtues that mark the steady, substantial, and progressive man, coupled with which area good executive ability and penetration into the manipulation of business affairs that renders him great assistance in the care and conduct of his interests. Mr. Edwards was born in Clay county, Illinois, on January 24, 1858, being the son of Lark and Harriet (Hart) Edwards, natives respectively of Virginia and Illinois. In 1861 our subject was taken by his parents to Neosho county, Kansas, where the father engaged in farming. During those troublesome days Mr. Edwards was a member of the state militia and rendered valuable service during all of the war. In Kansas our subject grew to manhood and received his educational discipline in the schools, then commenced to operate as an agriculturist. It was 1880 that he came to Wallowa county, settling on a portion of the land that comprises his present estate. His farm is seven and one-half miles northeast from Wallowa, and contains four hundred and eighty acres. It is well improved and skillfully handled and produces handsome returns to abundant crops. In addition to the general farming that Mr. Edwards prosecutes, he also raises much stock and although his farming is on a good scale, still he raises so much stock that he is practically rated with the stockmen of the county. In this industry he has manifested good judgment and marked skill and success has attended his efforts. The people of his community have availed themselves of the wisdom and enterprise possessed by Mr. Edward and have kept him in the office of road supervisor or school director most all of the time and sometimes he has been called to discharge the duties of both offices. And in all of this public service, the same wisdom, faithfulness, and vigor, that characterize the man in private life are manifested. In political matters generally Mr. Edwards always takes an active interest, not for the purpose of personal preferment, but that interest that is born of a desire for the welfare of all and the proper adjustment of the government. And foremost we ever find our subject in those things that are for the good of the county and to advance its interests. Mr. Edwards married Miss Annie, daughter of Oliver and Angelleanie (Echelberry) Holmes, natives of Ohio, on January 29, 1889. Mrs. Edwards was born in Morgan county, Ohio, on July 13, 1862. When the father of our subject started across the plains in 1864 he was taken with the mountain fever in Colorado and perished in Idaho, his remains resting at the present time near Trout creek, in the latter state. Thus the pilgrimage that commenced in 1864 by the father was only completed by the son in 1880, when our subject reached Wallowa county. It is gratifying that Mr. Edwards is esteemed, as is right by his fellows and holds the confidence of all. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 654, 655 Copyright 1902 John A. ENDICOTT JOHN A. ENDICOTT. - As the older men step aside from the excellent work that they have accomplished in this western country, there are younger ones with fresh vigor and commendable zeal to take up the burdens and prosecute the industries in a manner becoming the foundations that have been laid deep and wide by the worthy pioneers. To this class of younger men belongs the subject of this article, and we are pleased to record concerning him that he has manifested abilities that have stamped him as one of the strong stockmen of the county and able to handle successfully the enterprises that he has in hand, while he has demeaned himself with wisdom and energy quite becoming him, as also is the integrity and uprightness that characterize his entire walk. John R. was born in Dallas county, Missouri, on August 6, 1872, being the son of W.C. and Mary J. (Bass) Endicott, natives, respectively, of Indiana and Tennessee. The father was one of the noble men who fought for freedom and good government in the time of the Rebellion, enlisting in the Tenth Illinois, under Sherman, whom he accompanied on the famous march to the sea. When the war was done, and not until then, did he lay down the weapons and retire to private life. In 1878 the entire family came to Union county, the parents being pioneers of that section. At the age of sixteen our subject started the battle of life for himself, working first for his father and for others in the vicinity. In 1893 he came to Wallowa county and sought out a homestead for himself. He gave himself to the subduing and cultivation of this for a period and then bought his present place, which is five miles north from Joseph. The first quarter section of this farm he purchased from Mr. E. Lewellen, grandfather to the wife of our subject. To the original purchase he has added until he now owns four hundred acres of valuable land. Mr. Endicott is in partnership with his brother in the sheep business and has made a good success of the enterprise. Mr. Endicott married Miss Clara, daughter of John and Sarah Blankinship, whose names appear in another portion of the volume, on December 22, 1897, and to this happy union there have been born the following issue, Goldy and Ada. Mr. Endicott is a member of the K.O.T.M., Tent No. 35, of Joseph. Mrs. Endicott is a member of the Christian church and is a hearty supporter of the faith, both by precept and practice, while in all of their ways Mr. and Mrs. Endicott have so demeaned themselves that they are highly esteemed in the neighborhood and by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 646, 647 Copyright 1902 THOMAS N. ESTES THOMAS N. ESTES. - Wallowa county owes her prosperity and prominent position today more to the intelligent, progressive and capable farmers and stockmen within her borders than to any other class of individuals. She was especially fortunate in that there assembled here men and women from all parts of the country who were wide awake to the advantages offered and of courage and vigor sufficient to endure the hardships and develop the resources that nature had so lavishly bestowed here. Among this enterprising class there must not be failure to specifically mention the capable gentleman whose name introduces our article and to whom we desire to accord representation in this volume of Wallowa's history, commensurate with the prominence that he holds in the county, and with the ability and integrity that he has displayed in his eventful career. Thomas N. Estes was born in Arkansas, in the year 1846, and when but sixteen years of age, he entered the employ of the government as teamster, continuing in this until the close of the Civil war. While to one thus occupied there is not generally given the credit in the popular mind that is accorded to one in the heat of battle, yet by the experience at San Juan Hill there was demonstrated, as well as in numerous other instances, that to the bravery of and faithfulness of the teamsters is much honor due for the victories that were achieved, and they were found to have endured as much hardship and been exposed to as severe danger as those in other portions of the field, carrying a musket. After the close of the serious conflict, our subject returned to Arkansas and remained until 1878. Then he was led by the reports of the wealth of the western regions to come hither. He did so, and when he came it was his determination to make a home in the place selected, and to do this he was willing to put forth the necessary effort to accomplish it successfully. He selected a homestead in Wallowa county, not far from Joseph, and immediately turned his attention to farming and raising stock. He has steadily prospered since that time and he is now one of that class of well to do and substantial agriculturists that form the backbone of our county. Mr. Estes was married to Miss Julia Tucker, a native of Kentucky, in 1870. To them have been born ten children, as follows: James, Mary, William, Cora and Nora, twins, Oscar, Lela, Ina, an infant, deceased, and Hugh. In the early days Mr. Estes was every active and influential in organizing the Christian church, as he was also much interested in the spread of the gospel and the instilling of right and good principles. During the years of his residence here he has always registered himself on the side of the faith that he espouses, and has been a potent influence in setting forth the same, while his practical life has always been a light to the community in which he has lived. Mr. And Mrs. Estes are valuable members of society and have the esteem and confidence of all who have the pleasure of their acquaintance. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 572, 573 Copyright 1902 Martha Horton Fisher Martha Horton Fisher was born in Waynesborough, TN in 1832. She was the daughter of William Horton and America Cheek, a native of England, and the granddaughter of Isaac Horton who fought in the American Revolution. She married William Thomas Fisher in 1848 in Wayne County, TN. They emigrated to Arkansas around 1852 and were living there during the Civil War. Her husband fought in the war, and was mustered out in 1864. Mary had ten children, 7 that lived to maturity. Her children were: Mary, Sarah, Frances, James, George, William, Christopher, Malinda, Charles and Thomas. In 1875 she, her husband William and her minor children emigrated to Oregon. They may have gone by wagon over the Oregon Trail or taken the Train, which was in operation by then. They settled for a time in Joseph until William died in 1885. She is listed in the 1910 census for Union County, OR living in Cove, on ascnesion street, next door to three of her grown sons: William, Charles and Wayne Thomas. Martha was 80 years old in 1910. Martha died 4 January 1911 at the age of 81. Her cause of death is listed as Senility. She was buried in an unmarked grave in the Cove Cemetery. Persons wishing more information on Martha can e-mail me at Zina Fisher Powning William Thomas Fisher and Family William Thomas Fisher was probably born in Lawrence Co., TN in 1827. I assume that he was part of the Fisher family of William B. Fisher, B. 1768 in VA, who was listed in the Lawrence Co., TN census for 1850. William and Martha married in 1848 in Wayne Co. TN. They probably emigrated to Arkansas about 1854. William's family is listed in the Searcy County, Arkansas census, living in Bear Creek Township in 1860. Their children born between 1848 and 1860 are: Mary, Sarah, Frances, James, George, and William. Children born after 1860 are: Christopher Columbus, Malinda, Charles and Thomas Wayne. Martha's application for a pension states that she had 10 children. William Thomas Fisher was listed as a member of the "Arkansas Peace Society." He was a member of a Chain Gang and was made to join the Confederate Army in Little Rock Arkansas on December 18, 1861. He served in Co 1, 18th Ark Inf. He was later in the 3rd Conf. Inf. (18th Ark. Inf.{Marmaduke}). It was later redesignated the 3rd Conf. Infantry on Jan 31, 1862. On Feb 28th, 1863 he was made a teamster. On August 4th, 1863, he deserted at Fynch Station. He was captured the same day at Bridgeport, Alabama. On August 11th, he was sent to Louisville, KY. He was released after taking an oath to remain north of the Ohio River. He enlisted on September 5th, 1864 at Springfield (D L Ruff), MO for 6 months in the UNION ARMY. He was a Pvt. in Co F, 46th Missouri Volunteer Infantry. He was placed on detached service by special order No. 9 on September 20th, 1864 to Quarter Master's Office. he was discharged because of rheumatism. About 1875, he took his family to Oregon. They may have come by wagon or have taken a train to Oregon since the days of wagon trains were about over. The Fisher Family settled in Joseph and then Cove, Oregon. William, 52, is listed as a farmer in the 1880 census. With him are living his wife, Martha 49, and his children, Frances, James, George, Christopher, Charles and Thomas. William Thomas died in Joseph, Oregon at the age of 58 in 1885. His wife Martha died in Cove, Oregon in 1911. This biography submitted by Zina Fisher Powning Tuesday Apr 4, 1999 JAMES FITZPATRICK JAMES FITZPATRICK. - Among the very earliest pioneers whose courage and activity led them through the hardships of the journey across the plains to face danger and endure pain and deprivations meanwhile, is the venerable and highly esteemed gentleman and veteran of many conflicts in life's battles, whose name appears at the head of this article, and whose uniform faithfulness, uprightness, ability, and stanch qualities have constantly been manifested. Mr. Fitzpatrick was born in Pennsylvania in 1820, receiving there his early education and remaining under the parental roof until twenty-six years of age. He then came to Illinois, a new country, and engaged in farming until led to cross the plains in 1853. He gives some interesting items of their journey. The train consisted of five wagons drawn by oxen, and twelve men and eight woman. Their first trouble with the Indians was at a toll bridge some distance from the Missouri, but the savages were deterred from making an attack by one of their number eating too much dog meat and dying from the effects. In crossing the south Platte they hurried to keep from sinking in the quick sand and inadvertantly ran into a herd of buffaloes that stampeded their stock, which was gathered the next day. At Steamboat Springs they tarried, and soon after crossed a desert of thirty miles without water. Once they were obliged to ferry across a stream with their wagon boxes. At Laurel hill, on the western slope of the Cascade mountains, the emigrants hitched trees to their wagons which dug out a trench six feet deep, and things had to be tied in the wagons when they descended the hill. In the Willamette valley, the subject of this sketch settled on Silver creek and one year later went to Sacramento, and wrought there for eighteen years. Following that period, he came to Wasco county and engaged in raising stock, and because of his industry he was rewarded with success. At the age of twenty-six, Mr. Fitzpatrick was married to Miss Margaret Veight, a native of Ohio, and to them were born the following children: Charles, a resident of Wallowa county: John, buried in California: and two infants buried in the same state. Twelve years since, Mrs. Fitzpatrick was called by the messenger of death to leave her home and family and enter upon the realities of another world. She was an estimable woman, possessed of excellent qualities and beloved by all, and her demise was attended by sincere mourning. After that sad occurrence, Mr. Fitzpatrick sold his property in Wasco county, and came to Wallowa county purchasing a quarter section here. He has now passed the advanced age of fourscore years and is hale and hearty for one so long in the pilgrim way. At the present time Mr. Fitzpatrick is living with his only surviving son, Charles. He is quietly enjoying the fruits of his faithful labor and is spending the golden years of his life in happiness amid friends, and relatives who esteem him for his worth and goodness and by whom he is beloved. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 608 Copyright 1902 JAMES FLEET JAMES FLEET. - Many of our most capable and substantial citizens have come to us from England and among that number we must mention the subject of this sketch, whose career has demonstrated the pluck, perseverance and intelligence of the doughty Anglo Saxon race, and any work which purports to give review of the prominent citizens of Wallowa county would be quite incomplete were there not mention of this honorable and esteemed gentleman, whose uprightness, integrity and capability have given him a standing among his men and fellows and it is with pleasure that we accord him representation in the chronicles of our county. Beneath the shadows of Windsor Castle, in Berkshire county, England, on November 24, 1845, the subject of this sketch opened his eyes to the light, being the son of William and Jane Fleet. The first years of his life were spent in his home with his parents, gaining for himself meanwhile a good education in the schools of his native place, and at the age last mentioned he enlisted as an able bodied seaman upon a man of war and until the spring of 1866 took all the vigorous exercise and training in this capacity. During these years he visited the West Indies, the coast of African, and then returned to Portsmouth, England, and trained as a seaman gunner and diver. Following this he repaired to Esquimault Harbor, near Victoria, British Columbia, in which place he left the vessel in 1866. We next find him in Portland, Oregon, where he remained for a short time and then repaired to San Francisco and followed steamboating for a few years. Tales of golden wealth to be had from nature's golden vaults led him to Idaho City and there he operated in the mines until 1870, with what success we are not told. At that date, however, he repaired to Owyhee, Idaho, and continued in the mining business for some time. It was not, however, until 1874 that he first came into the Grande Ronde valley, settling at Summerville. The marriage of Mr. Fleet and Mary, daughter of William U. and Elizabeth Hayden, and a native of Illinois, was celebrated on October 6, 1874, in the Grande Ronde valley. Mrs. Fleet's parents were among the very first settlers in that peaceful valley, coming there in 1862. Her father is now dead, but her mother is living still in the Imnaha country, aged seventy-seven. Subsequent to his marriage Mr. Fleet repaired to Owyhee, Idaho, whence in 1876 he migrated to Prescott, on the Verde river, Arizona, meeting with abundant success in farming and stock raising until 1884 and then came to his present place in Wallowa county. November 15th he entered government land about five miles northwest of the present town of Flora and one-half mile south of Arko. He built an elegant home and opened up a fine farm. At the present time the farm is well improved, and in addition to good buildings and a fine orchard is very skillfully kept. But one other family was upon Lost Prairie when Mr. Fleet removed there. He has the distinction of being one of the pioneers of development of this section of the county and also it was he that brought the first children into the northern part of the county. To our subject and his estimable wife have been born five children, born as follows: Mary B., wife of Charles Whitmore, near Flora: Amy, wife of William Baker, a merchant of Flora: Artie I., wife of Willis Wright, near Arko: Bertha, the first child born on this prairie. Mr. Fleet was instrumental in organizing the first district in the northern part of the county, and he has constantly maintained by his efforts the upbuilding of the cause of education and the advancement of the same. Two of Mr. Fleet's daughters have been very successful teachers in the public schools and took and held rank among the best educators of the county. Mrs. Whitmore has the distinction of holding a first-class certificate with the exceptional average in all her studies of ninety-seven and seven-twelfths, and Mrs. Baker holds a first-class certificate and for four years was numbered with the leading educators of the county. Mr. Fleet has always manifested an intelligent interest in the matter of politics, allying himself with the Democratic party and has constantly labored during his residence in this county for the advancement and development of the same. His farm is one of exceptional fertility and produces vegetables of all kinds in great abundance. He has the distinction of raising potatoes weighing as high as five and six pounds each. Among the capable, intelligent and substantial agriculturists of Wallowa county there is none who holds the esteem of his fellows in surer grasp and the confidence of them also than does Mr. Fleet, who has been a very valuable acquisition to the population of Wallowa county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 554, 555 Copyright 1902 JOHN FLEMING JOHN FLEMING. Deceased. - Hearts that were brave and true and hands that were strong wrought out the development of our beloved county, making here the abodes of civilization from the wilds of nature and the haunts of the savages, and among this worthy number, must be mentioned the subject of this sketch, who, although he was not among the first to break sod here, still so identified himself with the county's interests and with the worthy men who labored with him that he was really one of the builders of Wallowa county, and it is befitting that we grant him this memorial in the volume that traces the history of this section and portrays the lives of the leading men in it. John Fleming was born in Perry county, Illinois, in July, 1857, being the son of Thomas and Eliza Fleming, who were numbered among the agricultural population of the Prairie State. His early training in educational lines was received in his native state, as also the princi0les of uprightness and integrity were instilled into his character by the faithfulness of the parents. When he had reached the years of his majority he commenced a tour of inspection and exploration that took him to different states and finally he settled in Kansas, in 1881, purchasing a quarter section of railroad land. Five years after this date, he sold this land and came to Oregon, taking a claim first in the Crow creek district, which he sold later, and then came to Wallowa county in 1890. Here he took a homestead where the widow resides at the present time, two and one-half miles northwest from Joseph. He set to work with energy to make the place one of the best in the county and his skill and labors are everywhere in evidence on the estate. On April 29, 1895, the angel of death bade him depart, and accordingly he slumbered, to await the waking of the resurrection morn. His remains rest in the Oddfellows' and Masons' cemetery in Joseph. Mr. Fleming was beloved and esteemed by all and his friends were many and warm. On December 23, 1884, the subject of this sketch contracted a marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Harriett (Lloyd) Gwillin, and they became the parents of the following children. Thomas W., Herbert L., Homer R., and Harriet E. Mrs. Fleming is a native of England, being born July 31, 1858. Her father was a miller and farmer in Herefordshire, England, and during his long life was also a preacher in the Primitive Methodist church, maintaining activity in this work for sixty years, surely a commendable record. In 1876, Mrs. Fleming, then a lass of about sixteen, came to America, being accompanied by two sisters and three brothers. They settled in Allen county, Kansas, where two brothers, John and William reside now. Another brother Thomas, lives in Tacoma. One sister married Albert Crow, of Washington, and the other sister lives with Mrs. Fleming. Her parents died in England and she has two brothers, Robert and Edwin, who reside in England now. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Fleming was one of the pioneer ministers of the Methodist church in England. Mrs. Fleming has borne well the added burdens that fell upon her at the death of her husband, and she is handling the estate with wisdom and skill, while also she is highly esteemed by all and is a very valuable member of society. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 580, 581 Copyright 1902 GEORGE H. FURGASON GEORGE H. FURGASON. - Among the heavy property owners of Wallowa county, mention must be made of the esteemed subject of this sketch, whose career has manifested steadfastness of purpose and capabilities that have wrought out his present prominent place in the agricultural and stock raising population of our county, while his qualities of uprightness and truth have given him the happy prestige that is his to enjoy, and it is due to such men as Mr. Furgason that Wallowa county owes her development and prominence today. George H. was born in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, on August 13, 1959, being the son of Alexander and Janett (Dwinell) Furgason. In 1862, the parents came across the wide plains and rugged mountains that separated the eastern section of the country from the Pacific slope and they found a home in the Grande Ronde valley, near Island City, being among the very first that settled in that section. Our subject grew to manhood in the environments of the frontier, gaining a good education from the public schools and in careful reading. He remained under the parental roof until 1882, in which year he came to Wallowa county, or the territory that is now embraced in this county, and selected a homestead on Prairie creek, seven miles east from the present Joseph. Here he engaged himself in tilling the soil and in raising stock until 1888, then sold out and went to the Imnaha country, taking land near Park. For a decade he was occupied in tilling this land and in raising stock there and then sold that property also, it still being unsurveyed. He returned to Joseph and selected land where he now resides, five miles east from the town on Prairie creek. His first purchase was one-half section and now he owns seven hundred and sixty acres, having steadily added by purchase. His estate is one of value and is constantly being made more valuable by the careful attention and management that he gives to it. It is well improved and produces abundant crops of the cereals and other forage used in his industry of raising stock. He is numbered with the most successful stockmen of the county and is prospered in all his ways. Mr. Furgason married Miss Annie Gillaspie, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Elden and Melvina (McAllister) Gillaspie, and a niece of D.A. McAllister. This wedding occurred on March 5, 1882, at Island City, Union county. Our subject is identified with the Masons, Joseph Lodge, No. 81; with I.O.O.F., Silver Lake Lodge, No. 84; and with the B.P.O.E. of Lagrande. Mr. Furgason takes the interest of the intelligent citizen in political matters, and has ever wrought for the advancement of the interests of the county, manifesting a broad public spirit and capabilities that commend him to all. They have the following children: Alexander, born January 23, 1994; Henry E., born June 25, 1885; Mary, born April 24, 1887; Leander F., born August 27, 1889; Minnie R., born July 19, 1891; Charles, born March 13, 1893 Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 576, 577 Copyright 1902 CHARLES E. GLENN CHARLES E. GLENN. - While we are always pleased to relate the points of the career of the true pioneer, still it is with especial pleasure that we are granted the opportunity to give the salient features of the life of one who is a product of the counties with which we are primarily concerned. Such is the subject of this sketch and he is one of the young vigorous, intelligent citizens of the county and capable to take up the labors of the pioneers that are being dropped as they retire from the plane of activity, while the integrity and intrinsic moral worth that have been exhibited are real qualities of the typical man. In 1869, at Summerville, Charles E. Glenn was born to Talbert and Sarah (Myers) Glenn. There he received his educational training and was reared on a farm. When he arrived at the age of twenty-two years, he embarked in business for himself in Union county, buying a farm of eighty acres close to Imbler station. He continued steadily at this occupation until one year since, when he sold out and came to Wallowa county. That he had prospered is evident, for when he came to our county he purchased an improved farm of four hundred and twenty acres, three miles north from Lostine. His is a valuable place, well improved and skillfully kept. He has shown excellent activity and industry, as well as capabilities that are commendable in his efforts and his acquisition is a valuable addition to the citizenship of Wallowa county. The marriage of Mr. Glenn and Miss Erma a native of Wisconsin, and a daughter of Silas and Julia (York) Johnston, was solemnized in 1896, and they have been blessed with the birth of one child, Violet. Mr. Glenn is highly esteemed and respected by all who know him and he is one of the substantial men of the county. The parents of both Mr. And Mrs. Glenn reside in the Grande Ronde valley. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 567, 568 Copyright 1902 James D. Halsey JAMES D. HALSEY.- Any work that purports to give in review the lives of the pioneers and leading citizens of Wallowa county would be quite incomplete were there failure to mention the esteemed and intelligent gentleman and capable and patriotic citizen whose name is at the head of this article and who has wrought for the development and advancement of our county for many years, maintaining meanwhile an unsullied reputation and showing forth a character of moral worth and intrinsic value that has placed him in position to be the recipient of the confidence of his fellows, while his vigor, excellent judgment and fine capabilities in the business world have made him prominent throughout the county. Mr. Halsey, was born in the state of New York in 1839, being the son of Job D. and Orpha (Ford) Halsey. His parents were married and then settled in New York, whence in 1850 they came to Iowa, and in 1863 they went thence to Missouri. At the age of nineteen we next see our subject, little detail of his years of minority being given. His first venture on the sea of life's battles for himself was to engage for wages in Iowa for a time and then he repaired to Wisconsin, and in this latter state he was residing when the call for the sons of freedom to rally to the flag of their country and assist in saving it from insult and infamy resounded in his ears. It stirred the patriotic spirit within him and he was soon enrolled as a volunteer in the Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry, in Company B. This brought him under Sherman's command, and he was one of that sturdy army that made the memorable march to the sea. War with all of its suffering, sorrow and woe was his to experience, and as a faithful soldier, brave and true, he served until the close, and then was mustered out with honorable discharge at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1865. He was heartily in accord with the movement to go west and carve out a place and a name for himself, and accordingly he went at once to Nebraska, toiling faithfully in that territory for three years. The following years of travel and research are not detailed until 1877, when he set foot in Union county, Oregon, Manifesting the same pioneer spirit and stanch qualities that had been displayed hitherto. He settled in the vicinity of the Cove, remaining for two years, then repaired to the rich and fertile Wallowa county and took a pre-emption. He has the original place still, and has added as much more by purchase, making him a generous farm of one half-section, which lies six miles east from Joseph. He has prosecuted the art of the agriculturist steadily and with vigor since arriving here, and he is esteemed one of the most substantial and progressive of our farmers. In addition to raising the fruits of the field. Mr. Halsey has paid much attention to handling stock, in which line he has been eminently successful. In 1867, Mr. Halsey married Miss Candis, daughter of Hiram and Mary (Mears) Nelson, natives of Vermont. To this happy union there have been born the following children: Bessie, Job, William, Nathan, Emma, the last one being buried at Gibbon, Nebraska. Mrs. Halsey's parents came to Wisconsin in 1840 and the mother died in that state and her remains repose at Waupaca, while the father came to Union, Oregon in 1877 and there died later. Mr. Halsey is a member of the G.A.R. where he is held in esteem. While he is not seeking preferment for himself in the lines of politics, still Mr. Halsey is actively interested as becomes the good citizen in matters of government and takes especial interest in the educational affairs of the county and of his home district ever striving for thorough work in that line and the best facilities. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 535, 536 LEMUEL L. HAMBELTON LEMUEL L. HAMBELTON. - In the course of the compilation of the history of Union and Wallowa counties we seldom are favored with the privilege of writing the career of a more worthy citizen and stanch and noble man than at the present time, while we attempt to outline the life of the capable and respected gentleman whose name is at the head of this article. Mr. Hambelton is one of the true pioneers of the country: has always labored for the development and advancement of the same: he is a capable and intelligent citizen, displaying loyalty and patriotism in commendable degree: he has fought faithfully the battles of his country and pressed to the front in a time when base fratricidal strife was rendering the nation in twain and attempting by its minions to trample the fair banner of liberty in the dust: and there on the scene of many a hard fought battle, he demonstrated the true metal of which he was made and never flinched from the hardest duty or the most dangerous post, and never until the work was all done, and the last flash of rebel powder had burned in vain, did he lay down the weapons of war to retire to the scenes of industrial life. Mr. Hambelton was born in Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, on October 21, 1835, being the son of Joseph and Susanah (Lowe) Hambelton. His boyhood days were spent in acquiring a good common school education and in working with his father at the carpenter trade, learning this valued craft thoroughly by the time he was eighteen years of age. At that time he turned to working of iron and learned thoroughly also the blacksmith trade. For two years he followed that trade in his native place, and then went to Bonaparte, Van Buren county, Iowa, arriving there in 1855. Later he went to Adams county, and thence to Scotland county, Missouri, gaining this last destination in 1858, and in all these places he wrought at his trade. Until August 15, 1861, he worked at this last place and then enlisted in Company C, Twenty-first Home Guards of northeastern Missouri. On the second of February, 1862, he was mustered into the regular service, taking place in Company C, Twenty-first Infantry. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Nashville, Fort Spanish, Blakely, and Corinth, in all of which he did heavy work. In addition to this, he was in numerous skirmishes and after three years of this kind of service he was honorably discharged, his time being out, but he was not the kind to leave the field without seeing the last enemy silenced and so he immediately re-enlisted in the same company and regiment and remained in service until after the war was closed, being mustered out on April 15, 1866, having been in constant service for nearly five years. Mr. Hambelton is commander of the G.A.R. Post at Enterprise, it being the John F. Reynold's Post No. 15. After the war, our subject went at once to Scotland county, Missouri and wrought at his trade until 1870, then removed to Colorado, and from there he removed to Union county, Oregon, by team, living in that county for two years and then in 1878 came to Wallowa valley. At the time of the Indian war in 1878 Mr. Hambelton enlisted to fight the savages and was second Lieutenant of his company. He continued in the prosecution of his trade at Alder slope until 1882 and then entered a homestead right on the farm where he now resides, four miles south and one-half mile west from Enterprise. Here he has given his attention to improving his farm, raising stock and general farming and success has smiled upon his endeavors and he has a fine place and is one of the prosperous men of the county. In political matters Mr. Hambelton is a life-long Republican and has always taken an active and intelligent interest in the affairs of state. On November 2, 1855, Mr. Hambelton married Miss Johana, daughter of Isaac and Sarah Spear, in Scotland county, Missouri, and eleven children have crowned the union: William P. married to Laura Hayes: Sarah E., deceased: Julia L., wife of F.D. McCully of Joseph: Ida F., wife of Joel Olmstead near Enterprise: Harry J. married to Maud F. Donnelly: John R., married to Maggie Parks, and living in Missouri: George O., deceased: Stewart E., married to Mary M. Crow: Frank J., married to Essie Tyler: Mary O.: Joseph B., married to Mattie Tyler. Mrs. Hambelton's mother is still living in Baker county, being eighty-eight years of age. The father died in 1882. They came to Oregon in 1869, and Mrs. Hambelton was born August 30, 1839, in Peoria, Illinois. To Mr. And Mrs. Hambelton, venerable and highly respected and esteemed pioneers and residents of our county, we are pleased to grant this slight representation and regret that space forbids a further detail of their interesting careers. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 545, 546 Copyright 1902 CHARLES L. HARTSHORN CHARLES L. HARTSHORN. - It takes brain as well as brawn to make a success in the enterprises that come to the hand of the business man of Wallowa county and it is noteworthy that the subject of this article has accomplished one of the most brilliant successes that has been wrought out in Wallowa county, which demonstrates the mettle of which he is made and also the capabilities which he has brought into play in that commendable career. It is with pleasure that we place this name among the leaders of our county, for who should receive title of leader if it is not he who has done deeds that demonstrate him capable of this position? In Grundy county, Missouri, on November 14, 1868, Charles L. was born to Edward and Virginia (Renfrow) Hartshorn. The first eleven years of his life were spent in the native place and there he gained the beginning of the education that fortified him for life's conflicts. In 1879 he crossed the plains with his parents, coming direct to Wallowa county. The father selected the place, one and one-half miles south from Joseph, where our subject now makes his home, and there he settled with his family, taking the land under the homestead right. The father was numbered with the leading men of the county until the time of his death, which occurred in 1885, and his remains sleep in the Alder cemetery to-day. The mother died before they came from Missouri. Our subject was eighteen years of age when his father died and then he took up alone the burdens of life, in which he has demonstrated his capabilities. He first started to herd sheep and had the misfortune to break his arm, which incapacitated him for this work. This was his start, rather bleak, one would say, but his pluck and dauntless spirit were not to be overcome And he fought on in the way, later entering partnership with F.W. Wagner, mention of whom is made in another portion of this work, and the smiles of fortune and success were won because of his hardy work, his wise management, and because of his constant care of his business and practical judgment. His success, brilliant as it is, is the true reward of capabilities and honest effort. At the present time, Mr. Hartshorn is numbered with the heaviest stock owners of the county. He owns the old homestead, and in addition to that he and his partner own five thousand acres of land and handle six thousand stock sheep, which makes many more thousand, which they sell. Mr. Hartshorn is a member of the Masons, Joseph Lodge, No. 81, and of the I.O.O.F., Silver Lake Lodge, No. 84, and of the Eastern Star, Chapter 67. In all these relations, as well as in all other associations that he has, he is considered one of the most capable, upright and public spirited men of the county and his friends are numbered from every walk in life and are in all parts of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 633 Copyright 1902 CHARLES HEDRICKS CHARLES HEDRICKS. Deceased.- In the death of this esteemed and worthy citizen Wallowa county suffered the loss of one of her best known and most widely beloved and substantial sons and his demise was a time of general mourning to all who knew him. Mr. Hedricks was capable and enterprising, and his real worth and noble qualities were manifest to all. Charles Hedricks was born on January 28, 1828, in West Virginia, to Charles and Hannah (Collins) Hedricks. The father was a native of West Virginia and was also a skilled machinist and he wrought for some time in the large iron works in Tennessee. While our subject was a very small child his parents brought him to Sangamon county, Illinois, where they settled on a farm. At the early age of seventeen Charles started in the battle of life for himself and, learning the carpenter trade, he assisted to erect the old fort Smith in Arkansas. When he had reached his twentieth year he had been enabled by careful savings to accumulate sufficient funds to purchase a farm, which he did in Platte county, Missouri, and there he remained for five years and then removed to Jefferson county, Kansas, being the first white settler in that county, where, also, he took up a pre-emption claim. For twenty-seven years he labored in this place, five of which were spent in the service of the government between Fort Leavenworth and Fort Laramie. During the Civil war he was on the front, enlisting to repel the raid of Price, and for one year he handled the musket and fought with the same vigor that he manifested in his other undertakings. During all the conflict of that year he was active in quelling the disturbance of the border ruffians, and when peace was restored he returned to the quieter walks of domestic life and again took up the good work of developing the country and making his farm valuable. It is also of note that Mr. Hedricks travelled for over five hundred miles in the Rockies with Old Sitting Bull. In 1883, he went to Barton county, Missouri, and purchased a farm, remaining there for four years, when he sold out and came to Wallowa county and settled on a homestead three and three-fourths miles northeast from Wallowa. The marriage of Mr. Hedricks and Miss Ruth, daughter of James and Ester McCracken was celebrated in Jefferson county, Kansas, in January 1862. They have become the parents of the following children: Calidone, now Mrs. Gault, of Oklahoma, and forty-one years of age; George, thirty-six years old and married to Myrtle Mizner, of Washington county, Oregon; Charles, thirty-four years old; John, thirty-two years old; Amos, twenty-four years old; Walter, twenty-two years of age. Mr. Hedricks was always active in politics, being allied with the Democratic party and, while he labored ardently for good men in the official chairs, he would never accept preferment for himself, although he might have received this recognition from his fellows. On April 27, 1890, the messenger of death came, who summoned Mr. Hedricks from the scenes of his labors and triumphs to the realities of another world. It was a time of sad grief and mourning, and his remains are interred in the Lostine cemetery to await the resurrection morn. Mrs. Hedricks took up the broken threads, where her husband had laid them down and has been nobly carrying forward the work of life. She proved up on the homestead after his death and then took another, which gives her the fine estate of three hundred and twenty acres. Her father was a native of Scotland, and her mother of North Carolina, being also a cousin to the noted Stephen L. Douglas. Mr. Hedricks left behind him a faithful testimony and his widow is today highly regarded by all and is a woman of excellent personality, always manifesting noble qualities and real worth. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 652, 653 Copyright 1902 JAMES HENRY JAMES HENRY. - One of the members of the thrifty and intelligent agricultural population of Wallowa county is mentioned at the head of this article and to him we are pleased to accord a representation in this work that chronicles the events of Wallowa and Union counties, together with the careers of the leading men of both sections. Mr. Henry is eminently fitted to be classed with this number, since he has manifested uprightness, good wisdom, sound judgment and excellent industry and energy in all of his undertakings in the county and elsewhere, while his integrity, sound principles and untarnished reputation are manifest to all. Mr. Henry was born in Denmark on November 20, 1842, being the son of Henry Elberg, also a native of Denmark. In his native country our subject was educated and grew to manhood, serving for eight months in 1864 in the Danish army, during the Franco-Prussian war. In 1873 he came to America, settling in Illinois, where he gave his attention to farming for two years. Then he went to California and for nine years was engaged in farming near Sacramento, after which he went to various portions of the state and finally came to Oregon, settling in Wallowa county, taking a homestead, where he now lives, four miles east from Enterprise, also taking a pre-emption, which gives him a generous estate of one-half section. Mr. Henry gives his entire attention to general farming and stock raising, and has gained a good success in his enterprises. Since settling in our county Mr. Henry has taken several trips to different sections, spending some time in Portland under the care of the noted Dr. McKenzie. Our subject is a member of the Lutheran church and is a faithful exemplification of the faith that he embraces while his life has been such that he has won the approbation of his fellows and is respected and esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 569, 570 Copyright 1902 FRANK W. HESKETT FRANK W. HESKETT. - Among the builders of Wallowa county there must be honorable mention of the esteemed subject of this brief review, who practically is a product of northeastern Oregon, having come here when a small boy and receiving here the training and education that have fitted him to hold the position of prominence and prestige that is his to enjoy in our county, while also he has manifested commendable zeal in the labor of advancing the interests of the county and in general progress. Mr. Heskett was born in Wayne county, Iowa, on December 1, 1856, being the son of Thomas B. and Susan (McIndra) Heskett. While yet a child, in 1862, he accompanied his parents across the dangerous route leading from the settled precincts of the east to the wilds of the Pacific slope. Ox and mule teams were utilized in the journey and on September 20th, of the same year, they drew up in the Grande Ronde valley and settled on a piece of government land between Lagrande and Summerville. The parents were among the oldest settlers of that valley and our subject grew up on the frontier farm and developed those qualities that have given him the meed of good success since. His education was gained in the primitive schools of the section and in the great school of pioneering in which he was an adept scholar, as has been demonstrated in his subsequent career. On November 17, 1882, occurred the marriage of Mr. Heskett, and Miss Elizabeth, a native of Oregon, and a daughter of Charles and Kersha Bay, who live near Paradise. The nuptial occasion was celebrated in the Grande Ronde valley and to crown the happy union there have been born the following children: Maud, Low, Willard and Pearl. Maud is now making excellent progress in the study of music. Mrs. Heskett's parents were among the very first ones who settled in the Grande Ronde valley, and are worthy residents of this region. In 1885 our subject transferred his residence from the Grande Ronde to the Wallowa valley and he selected here the place where he now resides, at Leap. He entered government land and began the commendable work of improvement with energy and assiduity. His well tilled farm, now numbering three hundred and twenty acrews, excellently improved and skillfully tilled, abundantly testifies of both his thrift and sagacity. He has a fine residence, commodious barn and other substantial outbuildings and also orchards, besides much other property. In 1861, January, Mrs. Heskett was appointed postmistress at Leap, and she has faithfully and efficiently discharged the duties of that incumbancy since. Mr. Heskett operates, in addition to his farming, a feed stable and hotel. He was deputy Sheriff under Doc Hamilton for Union county and in that as in all of his walks in life, he manifested both wisdom and ability coupled with sound principles and integrity. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 455, 456 Copyright 1902 Mary Melvina Hoit 1842 - 1916 biography Mary Melvina Hoit was born in Meigs County, Ohio in 1842. She was one of the two daughters. Her sister's name was Ruthanar. We do not have the names of her parents but in scrapbook #3 in one of the letters she wrote to newspapers there is come family history. Her father moved from Meigs Co. to Quincy, Ill. In Adams County in 1844. They lived in town until the following spring when they moved to the north line of Adams County and purchased a farm from his brother-in-law, Truman Hocox. This farm was in the area which was called Green Grove in 1876 (the date of the published letter). Mr. Hoit was present at the time the township was organized in 1845 and was he one who proposed the name of Keene, the name that it bore in 1876. He later held the positions of Clerk, Assessor and Collector. He also built the district schoolhouse, which was still in use in 1876. Mrs. Hoit taught school during this same time. (Ed. Note: All of the above places and directions check out completely with modern maps except for the town of Keene. There are two possibilities to explain this: one, the name of the town could have been changed in the ensuing years; two: the town no longer exists. It is our belief that this town possibly met the same fate as that of Paradise, Oregon. In the days when travel was so much slower and more difficult, it was necessary for the settlements to be closer together. With the advent of more efficient transportation and communication the need for the existence disappeared and often, so did the town. In our lifetime we have seen the once busy community of Paradise disappear from the maps of Oregon.) The line which divided Mr. Hoit's farm from that of his brother-in-law was also the county line of Adams and Hancock Counties. In scrap book #3 are her teaching certificates from Hancock County. The first is dated in 1858 and she has written on it that she was 16 years old at the time. The second is dated 1860 and the third one in 1865. During the Civil War both Melvina and her sister, Ruthanar, worked as Volunteer workers which is comparable to our red cross works now. In scrapbook #3 are three letters written to Melvina from Civil War Service men, thanking her for her work in the hospitals in the their behalf. At some time during her young, adulthood Melvina also had her own dress-making business. Her business card appears in the scrapbook and reads as follows: Miss M.M. Hoyt DRESSMAKER Rooms- Main Street over P. Roscow's Store Warsaw, Illinois Will seek to oblige the lady public BY CUTTING AND FITTING TO ORDER Always on hand an assortment of latest Parisian Styles of Ladies' and Children's fashions Her grand-daughter, Cordelia, remembers that Melvian was able to draft patterns and had used her pattern drafter for many years. She passed the knowledge of this art, along with the equipment, on to her daughter, Maud. Cordelia can remember her mother using the drafter also. On March 3, 1867 Melvina married William David Burnap in Handock County. There marriage license is in the scrapbook. They set up house keeping in West Point, Illinois where their first three children were born. Their first, a daughter, apparently died at birth or shortly there after. Their second child, Maud Ruthanar, was born in 1870 and their third was a son, Marius, born in 1871. In September, 1872 they moved to Beloit, Kansas where three more sons were born to them, Eugene, Albert and Acel. While in Kansas she was a regular contributor to the Carthage, Illinois Gazette writing news articles of events in the new home, giving farm reports household items and just general reporting. On several occasion Melvina notes they are receiving the paper from Illinois (600 miles) in 60 hours and sometimes less. It is from these articles we are obtaining the information contained in this history. She was also a fiction writer and adopted the name of May Fawn as her pen name. In the scrapbook there are several of her stories which had been published in newspapers and some in national magazines such as the American Farm Journal. Two of her household hint articles are particularly interesting. One concerns using chicken feathers as a substitute for geese feathers in making beds and pillows. The other discusses making and caring for husk mattresses. She gives a detailed instructions such as: gather the husks early in the season before a frost hits; use only the husks early in the season before a frost hits; use only the hulks grown next to the car, split in strips one inch wide, etc. We wonder how many of her female descents are proficient in these "common place" household duties! In 1873 and '74 Kansas experience a famishing grasshopper siege. There are numerous references to this even in the scrapbook. One is a notice published in the Beloit, Kansas Index, January, 1875, to the general public explaining that this was a calamity which no human could have averted and which left approximately 2000 people in danger of actual starvation unless help and aid was forthcoming. Besides the aid of food they also were asking for a seed for their spring planting as every green thing was completely destroyed. Melvina sent this article, along with a letter of her own, to the Carthage Gazette further explaining that Governor Osborn of Kansas had not only refused direct aid to the people from the treasury, but had refused aid offered him by the governors of neighboring states and further more, food and supplies that had been sent by individuals as being detained in Topeka until actual starvation existed in the stricken areas. Due to these circumstances the individual townships were forming aid committees on their own, hence toe above public notice in the paper. Melvina suggests to the Illinois readers to send their contributions direct to the committee who would see that it reached its proper recipient. Melvina had a wonderful command of he English language and did not hesitate to use it in chasting the governor and other state officials by name. Another of her articles to the Gazette in 1879 tells of an Indian raid in Kansas at that time. They were visiting William Burnap's father in Pawnee Rock; Kansas so were far enough away not to be directly involved but close enough for the excitement and the facts. She states the Indians wee only exasperated at treatment under their peace treaty and simply went off the reservation to hunt food. According to reports of herders they visited, they took only what they actually needed "unlike their white brothers." Seventeen people died but it would so easily have been hundreds, she states, if the Indians had been so inclined as military aid could not possibly have reached he citizens in time "regardless of secretary Schurz' preposterous statements to the contrary". She states that a few hundred bayonets plus more meat and potatoes could have averted the entire incident as well as saving lives. Historians now accept Washington's treatment of the Indians as one of national disgraces. Melvian couldn't have agreed with them more! There are many informative articles referring to the actual corps and he problems of he farmers of the times. In 1877 she notes that the corn crop was so excellent, but the market price was 10 cents per bushel after being transported to the market. As there was a considerable amount of emigration from the East that year, and the lightly wooded hills and creeks could not possibly afford enough fuel, people were using the corn for fuel. He cinders were fed to hogs and chickens to give them "a better appetite and healthier digestion, but we can not recommend it where wood or coal could be obtained". During this period she and William were both very active in local political and community affairs although neither of them would join any organization which utilized a type of secret ritual. They were both officers in a political group called the Liberal League, an organization whose basic aims were toe total separation of church and state, taxation of church properties, universal scientific education of the masses to release them from "superstitious religions", and a completely Free Press. There are many religious articles contained in Melvina's scrapbooks but upon studying them it becomes apparent they are all critical of modern religion denoting it as either superstition or hypocrisy. Her granddaughter, Lelah Ralls, states that Melvina retained her agnostic viewpoint throughout her long life. In one article concerning the activities of the above group she writes that the July 3, 1881 meeting held at Burnap's Grove was seriously affected and depressed by the unloosed for and overwhelming calamity at Washington this week". History tells us that President Garfield was assassinated on July 2, 1881 so this is undoubtedly the occasion to which she refers. Melvina and William were firm boosters of Women's rights. There are many articles concerning this subject in all of the scrapbooks, which give a deep insight into the situation at the time. Some of the events and conditions described seem impossible to those of us today as it was not just the voting privilege that women wanted but the right to be something more that a "second-class citizen". History shows us after were many radicals attached to the Women's Rights movement and although Melviana was not of the ax-wielding, saloon-wrecking Carrie Nation type she was known for her advance thinking, her strong-mindedness, a rather acid tongue and not only the ability but the inclination to use same at any opportunity on the given subject! In August 1881 the Burnap family moved to Pleasant Mount, Missouri. Here their youngest child, Ocie Vaun was born in 1885. When she was six weeks old the family left Missouri for he overland trek to Wallowa County, Oregon. Melvina was in poor health all through the trip and at one point was so ill they considered putting her on the train for the rest of the journey. Her illness threw the burden of caring for the entire family upon the 15-year old shoulders of her daughter, Maud - certainly no easy task for an experience housewife and mother. They settled in Wallowa County but later moved to Walla Walla, Washington. In 1910 they returned to Oregon settling near La Grande. In 1911 William died leaving Melvina a widow after 44 years of marriage. She then moved to Touchet, Washington where she cared for the two children of her daughter, Ocie Vaun, who died in 1912. She later left for Seattle, alone, where she died in 1916 at the age of 84 years. Her granddaughters, Lelah and Cordelia, recall that she continued her active interest in community and political affairs all through her life. Although she was definitely not he typical mother and grandmother of the time, it is because of her and others like her, who dared to be different, that some rather sweeping changes occurred in the American way of life. History of Burnap and Cole Families "Crossing the Plains" by Maud Ruthanar Burnap. Compiled and printed by Bonnie June Lindroff (Boone) in 1965-1966. Page 27 - 29 ************************************************ 1. MARY MELVINA HOYT (ASEL1)1 was born September 30, 1842 in Chester, Ohio, and died May 25, 1926 in Retsil, Washington (Washington Veterans Home). She married WILLIAM DAVID BURNAP March 03, 1867 in West Point, St. Albens Township, Hancock County, Illinois3. He was born May 10, 1842 in Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio, and died December 22, 1911 in La Grande, Union County, Oregon. Children of MARY HOYT and WILLIAM BURNAP are: 2. i. MAUD RUTHANAR BURNAP, b. January 16, 1870, West Point, Hancock County, Illinois; d. August 13, 1935, Enterprise, Wallowa County, Oregon. ii. MARIUS MELVIN BURNAP, b. August 11, 1871, West Point, Hancock County, Illinois; d. June 04, 1946, Pendleton, Umatilla County, Oregon. iii. ALBERT VINTON BURNAP4, b. October 31, 1871, Mitchell County, Kansas; d. December 23, 1963, Boise, Ada County, Idaho; m. CATHERINE MCALLISTER4, October 04, 1897, Walla Walla, Washington; b. June 14, 1875, Walla Walla, Washington; d. April 09, 1958. 3. iv. WILLIAM EUGENE BURNAP, b. September 25, 1876, W. Asher, Michell County, Kansas; d. March 16, 1946, Pendleton, Umatilla County, Oregon. 4. v. ASEL HOYT BURNAP, b. November 29, 1879, baron County, Kansas; d. June 25, 1950, Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington. 5. vi. OCIE VAUN BURNAP, b. April 11, 1885, Lamar, Barton County, Missouri; d. September 21, 1912, Touchet, Walla Walla County, Washington. Donated by Mona Pomraning JOHN S. HORNER JOHN S. HORNER. - The esteemed gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, is one of the substantial and enterprising agriculturists of Wallowa county, having wrought here with commendable zeal and sagacity for its development and material progress since he has been domiciled within its borders, and his faithfulness and ability have well earned for him the high esteem in which he is held among his fellows, and the prestige which he enjoys as well as the leading position in many ways is merited. John S. was born in Illinois on February 11, 1839, being the son of John and Sarah (Seymore) Horner, natives respectively of North and South Carolina. They had moved to Illinois and there were numbered with the agriculturists, being pioneers of their section of the country. When our subject was six years of age, he was bereft of his parents by death and subsequent to that sad event his home was with Dr. J.B. Lester, of Kansas City. He remained there until fourteen years of age and then stepped forth into the battle of life for himself. Until 1858 we find him engaged variously in the vicinity of Kansas City and then he went to Colorado with an Indian trader named Sam Machaett with whom he worked in Colorado and western Nebraska until 1862, having also taken a ranch on the Platte river. At the date last mentioned he sold out, went to Kansas City on a visit and while there he joined the Confederates, being in Price's army under Colonel Withers. He was engaged mostly in the fier4ce border struggles and was with Price on his last raid. After the struggle ceased he came to Colorado, the date being 1866, and then engaged in freighting between Denver and Omaha and also as far west as Salt Lake City. Three years later he sold out in Salt Lake City and returned to Kansas City and engaged in the grocery business. One year later he went to Bates county in the same business and there lost all by fire. Went again to Kansas City, thence to North Platte, and two years later to Boise City, Idaho, where he purchased a farm and then four years later sold out and came to the Grande Ronde valley and thence to Wallowa valley, settling on his present place on Camp creek, two miles from the Imnaha bridge, taking a pre-emption. He has bought and sold several farms and now has a good place, also some property in Enterprise. He has a fine orchard, good buildings and handles some stock. In Kansas City in July, 1870, he married Miss Margaret Mattingling, a native of Kentucky and seven children have been the fruit of this union: J. Harland, who owns a farm adjoining his father's and also one above on Camp creek; Thomas L., who owned a ranch for several years on the Imnaha and then sold and went to Idaho; Guy C., in the stock business in the country; Charles B., owns a ranch in this county: Roy R., Maggie: Mable S., the last three at home attending school. Mr. Horner is well liked among his fellows, which speaks volumes and he is considered one of the most capable and substantial men of the community. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 651, 652 Copyright 1902 Hammacks 65 Years On Main Street Ben Weathers The people whom I regard to be early pioneers are those who came to Oregon in the 1850s to the 1880s. My grandfather came to Union county in 1862 and he was among the first few families to settle in the Grande Ronde valley. Among others who came to Oregon in the 1860s were the Hammacks. Several families of them. They settled in different parts of the Grande Ronde, some in Summerville, La Grande and some in Island City. I heard of and personally knew some of the Hammack family ever since I can remember. They were friends of my parents and grandparents. Some I know quite well and others by hearsay. Those of the older generation that I remember were Ephraim, William, LaFayette, Lindsey and James Wesley. They also had a sister, Amanda. When our family left La Grande for Wallow county just before the turn of the century, Ephraim and his family and William were still living in Union county. "Eph," as he was familiarly known, had several children but I do not know that Bill was ever married. Amanda, the sister, was still living there. She was the wife of John A. Childers, a pioneer of Union county, and later after his death she was married to my uncle Joe. When we arrived in Wallowa county, Lace, Lindsay and Wesley were already living here and were considered old timers. They had settled in the Lostine section and were among the prominent citizens when I attended school there in the winter of 1901 and 1902. It was there that I came to know members of the Wes Hammack family quite well, as Floyd, one of the sons was in my class and we graduated from the eight grade the same year. Forty years later, Floyd and I were together as members of the Wallowa county court. Since it was the Wes Hammack family with which I was most closely associated over the years, I will attempt to tell some of the history of James Wesley Hammack, a typical pioneer type of citizen, who lived and looked the part. As I remember him he was a large tall man with full white beard, broad shoulders and kindly disposition that won him many friends and the respect of his neighbors. James Wesley Hammack was born in Knox county, Kentucky, April 2, 1838, son of James and Elizabeth (Moore) Hammack. As I remember him, he was a large tall man with full white beard, broad shoulders and kindly disposition that won him many friends and the respect of his neighbors. James Wesley Hammack was born in Knox county, Kentucky, son of James and Elizabeth (Moore) Hammack. He, as well as other children in the rather large family stayed on the farm where he was born and acquired about the same education as young folks of that far distant day received. Going to school at such times as he was not needed on the farm, which was only a few weeks of the year. In 1863, James Wesley Hammack was married to Miss Sarah Miller, daughter of John and Mahaly Miller, in Wayne county, Iowa. In 1865 he, with his family, started the long trip by ox team across the plains to Oregon. Like many other pioneers of Union and Wallowa county, Mr. Hammack first passed right through Union county and settled in Yamhill county. He stayed there but two years, however, and turned east again for eastern Oregon, settling in Union county. Several of his brothers also settled there. After successfully farming in Union county for nearly thirty years, Mr. Hammack moved with his family to Wallowa county and settled near Lostine, where he remained until his death. During their lifetime, Mr. and Mrs. Hammack became the parents of seventeen children, ten of whom were living when they came to Wallowa county. I knew some of their children quite well, Marion, Bert, Floyd, Hattie and Carrie. I was a schoolmate of Floyd and Hattie so knew them very well. Mrs. Caudle still lives in Lostine and is the only one of the Wesley Hammack family now living. The Caudle family have long been prominent citizens of the Lostine area. Floyd, being near my age, and I continued to be close friends throughout his lifetime. He acquired part of his father's place after the father's death and built up one of the finest dairy farms in Wallowa county. The place is about a mile east of Lostine and is now owned by Mr. and Mrs. Bud Walker. Floyd married Zelma Ogburn, daughter of Charles Ogburn, who for many years farmed near Enterprise, and they were the parents of six children, all of whom I know quite well. Since Floyd's death, some years ago, Mrs. Hammack has made her home in la Grande near the home of her daughter, Velva, (Mrs. Eddie Hoffman). Edna married Harold Glen and they live at Lostine. Edna is the only member of the family now residing in Wallowa county. Of the four boys, Lyle has long been one of the leading businessmen of Portland, being manager of the Raven creamery for many years and later in the frozen food business. He married Lena [sic - Bernice] Miller, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Miller, and they love to return to their home county every summer, if possible, to visit with old friends and relatives. Last year Lyle was Chief Potentate of the Portland Shrine Club, which testifies to his popularity. Charles is an engineer and Ross is also connected with big business in Portland. Both are married. Albert who farmed the home place for several years is now engaged in farming in another part of the state. Many of the Hammacks, cousins, uncles, aunts, nieces and nephews have left the county and are scattered over the northwest. This remarkable large family of Hammacks helped to make history and did much in helping develop the Oregon country along with the other pioneers. Did you ever stop to think that you are making history now, and don't know it? Wallowa County Chieftain 65 Years on Main Street By Ben Weathers Thursday, March 11, 1965 EDWARD W. IMBLER EDWARD W. IMBLER. - Among the earliest pioneers of this state the subject of this sketch, together with his father, has been identified with the opening for settlement of various fertile portions of the state, and in these places he has labored, with his father, in the pioneer undertakings that occupy the frontiersman and those who would make from the wilds of nature the opulent farms and comfortable residences of civilization. Edward W. was born in Muhlenburgh county, Kentucky, in 1843, being the son of David and Hester (Jackson) Imbler, natives respectively of North Carolina and Kentucky. In 1844 they migrated from their home in Kentucky to Jefferson county, Iowa, remaining there until 1853, when the reports of the rich and unexplored portions of the Pacific coast led them fit out ox teams and undertake the arduous journey across the plains to Eugene, Oregon. Arriving there in due time without serious accident, or harm from the Indians, they settled on the prairie seven miles west from the town being the first settlers there and took up three hundred and twenty acres of land. While they were the first to settle there, still it was but a few weeks after they settled before all of the land was taken up, so rapidly, did the immigrants come in. On their new place they at once commenced operations in general farming and stock raising. Later they became interested in the lumber business and operated a saw mill plant on the Long Tom. In 1859 they removed from this place to Wasco county, and bought land upon which the town of Dufur is now established. Upon this property, they were engaged in raising stock until 1869 and then they made another move toward the east, settling this time in Union county, where the town of Imbler now stands, remaining there until 1885, when they removed to Wallowa county, settling on Swamp creek, nine miles northeast from Enterprise. In this place, the father was called from the labors of life in 1889, and then our subject, who had remained with his father until this time, sold the property and removed to Union county, purchasing a farm in Cove, where he took up the life of the agriculturist for seven years and then sold out and returned to Wallowa county, this time taking up a homestead twelve miles east from Enterprise. At the present time Mr. Imbler is dwelling in a pleasant residence in Enterprise. In 1873 the marriage of Mr. Imbler and Miss Mary Smith, a native of Missouri, whose parents were early pioneers of this state, was solemnized and to them were born four children. Jessie, deceased: Clara, Bessie and Lester. In 1880 Mrs. Imbler was taken by the messenger of death from a loving family and they were called to mourn the loss of a noble mother and faithful wife. She is buried in the Summerville cemetery. In 1883 Mr. Imbler contracted a second marriage, the lady of his choice at this time being Miss Mattie Copeland, a native of Arkansas, and to them was born one child, Mattie. Mrs. Imbler died in 1884 and her remains lie buried in Summerville. In 1886 Mr. Imbler married a third time, the lady who became his wife being Emma L. Wagner, a native of Idaho, and they have one child, Jessie. Fraternally Mr. Imbler is associated with the Masons at Summerville, and with the I.O.O.F., Lodge No. 153, at Enterprise. Mr. Imbler was a scout in the Joseph Indian war, doing good work for the settlers, while his three elder brothers were intrepid fighters against the savages in the Rogue river war in an early day. The father sold his entire stock to the government during that war and received scrip, which was later repudiated and he thereby lost his entire property. It is worthy of note that the family has always been the first, or among the very first, settlers in all the localities that they have dwelt in and they have the true pioneer spirit, manifesting the same in their faithful lives of endeavor that have been crowned with good success. Politically Mr. Imbler is allied with the Republican party, and in the first election in Wallowa county he was chosen by his fellows as one of the commissioners of the county, being entrusted with the trying and intricate duties of acting in that responsible capacity in the organization of a new political division. Mr. Imbler is the recipient of the respect and esteem of the entire community, and his life of uprightness and faithfulness has merited the same. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 587, 588 Copyright 1902 Anah Robert Jennings and Helen Elizabeth Wedhoff Anah Robert Jennings was born to Ed and Edith Hall Jennings on Aug. 26 1899, in Joseph, Oregon. He was the youngest of four children. His parents were well respected citizens of the community. Helen Elizabeth Wedhoff was born in Portland, Oregon to Alfred and Matilda Johnson Wedhoff on March 6 1905. Her father was of German decent and her mother, at age 16 came from Norway to live with her brothers. Helen has a brother, Wallace Robert. He lives in California. The family made many moves including Joseph to operate a restaurant in Wendle Idaho where they had an orchard: and on to Chicago and employed five other barbers and a boot black . In Helens fathers barber shop. Helen attended a business college and after graduating took a job as a secretary. In June of 1924 Helen took a two week vacation to Joseph to visit her uncle George's widow, Edith Holst. During this visit she met Anah Jennings, Edith's son. They were married a few months after her arrival on Sept 8, 1924. Their first child was born on March 27 1926 He was named Anah Alfred, later nicknamed Jerry by a man he worked for who found the name Anah too hard to remember. The couple lived in a rental house owned by Anah's mother. They lived there a few years then moved to a ranch east of Joseph about a mile. The ranch was about one hundred and seventy acres in size. They raised grain and alfalfa. They had milk cows , brood sows and chickens. They took cream to the local creamery each week. Twice a year they would take one hundred or more fat hogs to market. They sold milk and eggs also. When the depression hit they were forced to sell most of the livestock. The hogs sold for about $3.00 apiece and the milk cows for about $20.00. Two daughters were born while on this ranch Betty Mae Sept.9,1929 , and Rita Louise, Sept 8, 1932. The three lakes country ,east of Joseph was their next home. It was a ranch they had rented from the land bank. Again they raised cows , chicken and sheep. A daughter, Ada Lou , was born on Jan 28, 1934. Due to complications they lost her a few hrs. after her birth. In the fall of 1934 they moved to the Doc Thompsons place in town. Joyce Helen was born here on July1,1936. Anah worked for Roy Daggett, driving log truck at the time. For health reasons the family moved to the Portland area. Two daughters were born Getta Ann Nov. 13, 1939 , and Sharon Lee, May 6, 1941., while living there. Anah had a few different jobs including working at the shipyards. His job there was to mount guns on the decks of warships. At the outbreak of the war their son Jerry entered the Navy. They stayed in the Portland area until Jerry was discharged. The lower Imnaha was their next place of residence. They raised a big garden and sold tomatoes as their main crop. Anah and Jerry drove to Joseph and back each day to work at Millers Mill. In 1950 Anah went to work for the Napoleon Beaudoin, ranching. They lived on the ranch until the fall when Anah accepted the job as the City Marshall. For fourteen years Anah handled the job as Marshal. He did all the chores of Maintenance man as well. He had the use of 5 other deputies during Chief Joseph Days. On Nov 10, 1963 Anah underwent surgery and on May 15, 1964 he passed away at their home. Helen is still living at their home. Contributed by Julie Jennings Botts HON. C. E. JENNINGS HON. C. E. JENNINGS. - It is inherent in the nature of man to esteem and admire that quality in his fellows which leads in spite of obstacles and opposition on to brilliant success; and especially is it manifested when the party who achieves the victory is possessed of those manly characteristics, that are so charming in a leader in any line of achievement. That the subject of this sketch is one who has gained the distinction of which we have spoken, there is no doubt to any one who is acquainted with his career. Working at a trade in the industrial world, wherein he constantly displayed that thoroughness and ability that denoted the true man of ability, he has also made himself a potent factor in the affairs of his county, has gained a real estate holding that makes him a property king of Wallowa, and in the halls of legislation he has done creditable work on the rostrum as a forensic orator, making his force felt to the various parts of the state, while in the intricate portions of legislation he displayed a masterful ability, keen foresight, and priceless practical judgment, that at once gave him both prestige and eminently fitted him to hold the position of leader and safely care for the interests of his constituency. C. E. Jennings was born in Astoria, Illinois, in 1858, being the son of Robert and Sarah (Bradley) Jennings. In his native state he was reared and there in childhood he manifested both the vigor and precocity that foreshadowed the brilliant career of the man. In addition to gaining a good education he also made himself skillful in the trade of the miller. He remained at home, observing the sacred precept. "Honor they father and they mother," until the father was called from the scenes of life's activities, and then our subject, having arranged the estate for those remaining, started out in the bark that was destined to carry him over life's sea to a success awaiting him. He came west and settled in Pendleton, there taking up his trade and wrought with wisdom and energy until 1889, and then came to Wallowa county. Here he began to acquire land and operated at general farming and stock raising. He manifested the same keenness of foresight, breadth of comprehension and business sagacity that now characterize him and soon his real estate holdings increased rapidly, prosperity seemingly being his handmaid. He manifested ability to handle large questions as well as grinding a sack of wheat, and to-day Hon. C.E. Jennings is one of the heaviest real estate holders in the northeastern part of Oregon. He has over one thousand acres of good land, equipage for handling the same and herds and stock in abundance. Recognizing his talents and sagacity, the people of the county determined to profit by his ability and integrity and accordingly sent him to the state legislature in 1897, his name appearing on the Republican ticket. The bright expectations regarding him were more than fulfilled, and he made a record in the halls of legislation that was clear, clean, commendable and brilliant. In 1891 Mr. Jennings married Miss Edith Hall, a native of Oregon, and to grace this union there have been born the following issue: Shelby, Gettie, Velmo and Anah. Mr. Jennings is a member of the A.O.U.W., the Elks, the K. of P. and is esteemed in all these relations. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 566, 567 Copyright 1902 This is part of the family of: Julie Jennings Botts FRANK S. JOHNSON FRANK S. JOHNSON. - We are pleased to accord to the representative citizen and genial gentleman, whose name heads this article, a space in the history of Wallowa county for the salient points of his career, both because of the activity that he has shown in the affairs of the county, for the advancement of its interests and the development and progress of it, as well as for the commendable personal qualities that he displays constantly, being a man of good ability and excellent force besides attending to important enterprises both for the good of the community and the progress of the section, while also his moral worth and bright example are such as to commend him to all lovers of good. Mr. Johnson was born on October 30, 1861, near Stiles, Davis county, Iowa, being the son of George W. and Elizabeth A. (Shelton) Johnson. The first eleven years of our subject's life were spent in his native place and then in March, 1873, the family removed to Indian valley, Plumas county, California. The years of his minority were spent in the acquisition of good education from the schools where he resided, and also in general farm work and in riding the range, being thus engaged in both California and Nevada. In 1881 he went to the Wood river mines in Idaho, and there operated at the blacksmith's trade, which he had mastered in addition to his other attainments in his younger days. In 1882 he found his way to the Grande Ronde valley, and there wrought at his trade until 1888, then migrated to his present place in Flora. At the time of his settlement here, there was no town and no settlers had as yet broken the sod in the wilds of the nature in this vicinity. He took a homestead and began the improvement of the same and soon he platted a town site and the industrious village of Flora sprang into being, himself being the promoter. The plat was made in the spring of 1896, and the village has made good progress since that time. Mr. Johnson has constantly wrought at his trade here in addition to handling his other important enterprises. He now owns a good farm, comfortable residence, and good barn and other out buildings, besides one dwelling that he rents, and also his shop. On January 13, 1886, Mr. Johnson married Miss Anna, daughter of Elias and Esther E. (Cassidy) Kuhn. Mrs. Johnson is the second white child born in the Grande Ronde valley, the date being November 27, 1862, her parents coming there in 1862. Mr. Johnson has always taken an active interest in the political matters of the county and especially in the local affairs of the Flora district and much is due to his efforts in this line for improvement and advancement, while also he has displayed an energy and enterprise in the establishment of educational facilities that is quite commendable. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are devoted members of the Methodist church and have given liberally both of time and finances for the promotion of the gospel work in their section, and their lives are an example to all, while their faithfulness has won for them the confidence and estimation of all who may have the pleasure of their acquaintance. Mr. Johnson is V.C., of the M.W.A., at Flora. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 642, 643 Copyright 1902 JOHN JOHNSON JOHN JOHNSON. - As a general rule, those who came to us from the rich sections of England are the very best who have wrought in the development of this country, and among this number must be mentioned the intelligent, thrifty, and sagacious gentleman, of whom we now have the pleasure of writing, who has made a success in his efforts here, demonstrating an ability that could but win as it has done, while in his career he has maintained an untarnished reputation, displaying honor of a high order and moral qualities of intrinsic worth. Mr. Johnson was born in England, on December 26, 1850, being the son of James and Mary Johnson, natives also of the same country. When our subject had reached the age of five, he was separated from the scenes of childhood, bade good by to the loved associates and came across the ocean with his parents who settled in Kansas. How well he has succeeded in making a home in this country, the following details will manifest. For thirteen years, he traveled over the eastern states, exploring various regions and being occupied in different undertakings. Being satisfied that the western country had better things to offer than he had yet discovered in his travels, he sought to its territory and in the course of his journey he lighted on the Eagle valley and in 1877 he came thence to Wallowa county, landing here in 1878, and after due exploration and deliberation, he selected his present homestead in the Imnaha country, near the bridge, being the first settler in that section. As a true pioneer, he set to work to develop the wilds of nature and build a home. Brain and brawn were brought into requisition and vigorous effort directed by excellent judgment and sagacity assisted by keen foresight, rendered a success that is very gratifying in every respect and enviable. In addition to this property where he lived, Mr. Johnson owns a fine ranch among the buttes which he devotes to the raising of stock, cattle and horses. He takes great interest in producing excellent stock, and he has some of the finest specimens of horses in the county and in fact they are the equal of anything in this portion of the state. In February, 1884, in Imnaha, Mr. Johnson married Miss Mary, daughter of Alexander and Jane (Findley), and a native of Oregon, and four children are the fruit of this union. Their names are as follows, Charles, Ethel, Jennie and Rowena. Mrs. Johnson's parents were pioneers of this section, but a few years since the father sold his interest here and removed to the Willamette valley where he is making his home. Mr. Johnson affiliates with the Masons in Joseph. During the trouble with the Indians in 1878, Mr. Johnson acted as scout for General Howard's army, serving through the entire struggle and doing some excellent work, which demonstrates both his ability and his courage, which have been serviceable for the welfare of the country in a number of instances, and to such we delight to chronicle these worthy items. Mr. Johnson is highly respected in the community and has the confidence of all, which he richly deserves. Mrs. Johnson's father came to Oregon in 1852, and her mother came in 1847, and she is a veteran of the Indian war of the early days in the Rogue river country. They both reside in the Willamette valley near Portland now. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 643, 644 Copyright 1902 JOSEPH F. JOHNSON JOSEPH F. JOHNSON. - It now becomes our pleasant privilege to give in brief review the salient points of the life of the prominent and distinguished gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has been a potent factor in the development of Wallowa county, and also a well known figure in the political realm, both of the state, as well as in promoting and manipulating some measures that are of import to the United States, while his personal qualities of worth and integrity, together with his ability and keen foresight, have rendered him a gratifying measure of success in all of his private business undertakings and made him hosts of friends from every walk in life. Joseph F. Johnson was born in Missouri in the year 1839 to Malchi and Deliah Ware, who came to Oregon when he was a child of about eight summers. The winter of 1847-8 was spent in Yam Hill county, and there they settled until 1869, when a journey to Douglas county was taken and a home made in that portion of the state. There they remained until the death of the parents. At the age of twenty our subject was stirred by a sturdy manhood and energetic spirit to go to the Cariboo regions in British Columbia in search of gold, but after one year he went thence to Idaho, where he remained until 1868, and then returned to the Willamette valley, stopping for a time in Yam Hill county and then repairing to Douglas county. He farmed and followed carpentering there until 1872, and then migrated to what is now Wallowa county, settling in what is known as the lower valley, three miles west from where the town of Wallowa now stands. He took a homestead and added betimes until he now owns a fine estate of eight hundred and forty acres and gives his attention to handling cattle, horses and sheep. He is one of the heavy-weight stockmen of the county and in addition to the property that we have mentioned, he owns considerable in the town of Wallowa, consisting of lots and the town hall and other improvements. Mr. Johnson was the promoter of the town, Laying it out and starting on the journey to distinction. In political matters Mr. Johnson is and has been one of the leaders of the county, Having served in the county conventions of the Populist party, also in the state conventions and once in the United States convention, in all of which capacities he has rendered excellent service. He was also a member of the first irrigation congress that convened at Salt Lake City to induce the Federal government to take up the subject of irrigation. In 1871 the marriage of Miss Fannie, a native of Oregon, and a daughter of Charles and Melinda 9Miller) Applegate, to the subject of this sketch was solemnized and to them have been born the following children. Ernest, Leonard, Ada, Arthur, John, Ray, Olive and Roland. Mrs. Johnson's parents came to Oregon in 1843, remaining in Polk county for seven years and then removing to Umatilla county. Later they went to Douglas county and there remained until their death. Mr. Johnson has labored long and faithfully in this county and to him is due much credit for advancing its interests as well as always maintaining an active interest in the affairs of government, while his reputation is unsullied and his character is stanch and good. He has gained success in many lines, and he now has the pleasure of spending the days of his life in the enjoyment of his portion, knowing that labor, intelligence and careful handling of the resources placed in his hands have brought to him this competence. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 601, 602 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM KERNAN WILLIAM KERNAN. - While many brave men and noble women form the ranks of the worthy pioneers who fitted this country for the settlement of their fellows and have made the county of Wallowa what it is today, there is none that surpasses the venerable and upright gentleman and loyal and patriotic citizen whose name initiates this paragraph and who has wrought with intelligence and enterprise in this county for many years, and who was one of the valorous army of brave and devoted men that left home and loved ones to press on to the front and take up the weapons of war when the flag and all of our beloved institutions were menaced with insult and overthrow. And in this awful conflict of the Civil war, William Kernan did the part of a devoted son of freedom, a noble and patriotic citizen, a faithful and intrepid soldier, and a true, brave man. To such be the honor so justly due them, and it is with pleasure that we are enabled to give to them, small though it be, our tribute of commendation. William Kernan was born in 1829 in the state of Maryland, being the son of John and Mary Kernan, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Virginia. In 1842 they removed to Pennsylvania, where our subject grew to manhood, and we next see him at the front enrolling his name on the enlisting roster of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, Company K. Eleven months he did service in this relation, then his time being expired, re-enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Ninety-second Pennsylvania Infantry. Here he served until the last shot of treason had been fired, and the last foe had dropped the arms of attack. Suffering, marching, fighting, watching, doing all that the faithful soldier could do, he passed through it all, and when the end came he laid down his paraphernalia of conflict and took up once more the labors of the civilian. It was 1877 that he turned toward the west, and his first settlement was in Kansas, where he farmed until 1881, Russell county being the place of his abode. Then he sold his interests there and came to the state of Oregon. Wallowa county's fertile region had been described to him and hither he came and, being satisfied with resources of the country, he at once took a pre-emption claim, one and one-half miles northeast from Joseph, and altogether, he has twelve hundred acres of land. At first Mr. Kernan gave his energies to farming, but seeing the advantages offered by this country for raising sheep he embarked in that industry and he is now one of the prominent stockmen of the county. Mr. Kernan was married to Miss Rachel Hockly in 1851, and they became the parents of one child living, Mary. Mrs. Kernan passed away in 1856, her remains resting at Churchtown, Pennsylvania. In 1860 Mr. Kernan again sought a helpmate and was married to Miss Elizabeth Sipe, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of Joseph and Mary Sipe, also natives of Pennsylvania. To this happy union there have been born eight children, as follows: William, an infant, deceased: George, John, Minnie, Frank, Hayes, and Thomas. Fraternally Mr. Kernan is a member of the I.O.O.F., of Joseph, having joined the Orphans Home Lodge, of Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1854. Mr.Kernan is well esteemed by all, has maintained an unsullied reputation throughout his long and eventful career and now in the golden years of his life he is quietly residing in Joseph, overseeing his interests in various parts of the county, and is a valuable and respected member of society, beloved and admired by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 606, 607 Copyright 1902 Ludwig KNAPPER Ludwig Knapper- There are few men in Wallowa county that are possessed of higher order of talent than the esteemed subject of this sketch, who has manifested in various places and capacities of his ability to handle the business affairs of life in a manner that brings success and stamps him as a man of sound judgment, keen foresight, executive force and good financial ability, while also commensurate with these qualities there have been shown fine moral virtues that stamp him the stanch, true upright citizen. Mr. Knapper was born in Whiteside county Illinois , on April 9, 1853, the son of Gottlieb and Christiana Knapper, natives of Germany. The father came to America in 1842 and settled in Whiteside county Illinois and there he became one of the prominent men of the county, remaining in the same place until his death. He was one of the leading agriculturist of that county. There our subject received his education and technical training, being grounded in sound principles from a wise father. When Ludwig reached the years of majority he stepped into the arena of life's conflicts for himself and he was soon installed in the position of manager of his father's estates, continuing in the same for five years. Following that period he went to Iowa in 1879 and two years being spent in farming in that state, he then turned toward the setting sun and sought a home in the west. Umatilla county was the place where he first stopped and: taken by its offers of resources, he set to work there for two years in farming, then in company with Ed Jennings, whose sketch appears in another portion of this work, he wrought there with excellent success, and then they sought out a place in Wallowa county and brought their flocks and accoutrements hither. Fourteen years Mr. Knapper and his brother-in-law wrought steadily on in the business and then dissolved partnership. Mr. Jennings took the farm land and our subject owned the flocks. Since that time Mr. Knapper has bought his present place the date of the purchase being March1 , 1898 The estate consists of one thousand five hundred and twenty acres of good land and it lies five and one-half miles east from Joseph. The farm is well improved and is to be made one of the best in the entire county, and Mr. Knapper is still one of the leading sheep men of the county. On Jan 2, 1880 Mr. Knapper married Miss Ellen, daughter of Robert and Sarah (Bradley ) Jennings and sister of Ed Jennings. The wedding occurred in Adair county, Iowa and to then have been born the following children. Robert B ; Elsie M ; Addie M; Benjamin H. Mrs. Knapper was born on February 3 1862 in Astoria Illinois. Mr. Knapper is one of the prominent men of our county and is justly entitled to the prestige and encomiums of his fellows that he enjoys. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 644, 645 Donated by Julie Botts DAVID W. KUHN DAVID W. KUHN.-Among those who have comparatively recently taken up their residence in Wallowa county and have brought with them pristine vigor and energy to assist materially in promoting the welfare of the county and in developing its resources, is the estimable gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article, and who is granted a representation in this volume with pleasure, since he has demonstrated himself a proper person to be thus listed with the prominent men of the county, both because he has wrought with faithfulness and assiduity, and because he has maintained an uprightness and untarnished reputation in all of his ways. Mr. Kuhn was born near Summerville on April 7, 1867, being the son of Elias and Esther E. (Cassiday) Kuhn, early pioneers to that section, arriving there and settling in 1862. Mr. Kuhn's sister, Annie M., is said to be the first white child born in Union county. Our subject lived with his parents until 1895. During his minority he gained a good education from the public schools and assisted his father in the care of the farm. In the year last mentioned David w. came to Wallowa county and after due search, selected the farm where he now lives four miles north from Paradise, and purchased the same. His first purchase consisted of one quarter section and it is now enlarged to three hundred and twenty acres of good land. His farm is about all fenced, is well improved, having a good comfortable house and commodious barn with other necessary out buildings. In addition to doing a general business, he also devotes some attention to raising stock, handling cattle principally. On December 4, 1898, occurred the happy event of the marriage of David w. Kuhn and Miss Lida M., a native of Missouri and a daughter of Daniel and Nora (Pratt) Ralls, who live near Paradise. to this union there have been born two children, Gladys M. and Harold. Previous to her marriage, Mrs. Kuhn was numbered with the best educators of Wallowa county, having spent five years in that profession, and gaining signal honors in her work. She had the distinction of holding a state certificate. Mr. Kuhn is one of the substantial men of the community and is a prosperous business man, displaying prudence and sagicity and energy in all his enterprises. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 640 HON. WILLIAM H. KUYKENDALL HON. WILLIAM H. KUYKENDALL. - Although the esteemed subject of this sketch has not been domiciled within the precincts of Wallowa county so long as some who have broken the sod here, still he has manifested during this time, as heretofore, also, characteristics that stamp him the upright, capable and stanch citizen, and loyal promoter of the free institutions of the land, while his personal qualities of worth have been displayed in a manner quite commensurate with the ability that has been in evidence, and he stands at the present time as one of the prominent, intelligent and leading men of the county. William H. was born near Dallas, Polk county, Oregon, on August 11, 1849, being the son of William H. and Margaret J. (Hines) Kuykendall. When he was but two years of age the father died, and the burdens of the household fell upon the mother. Our subject grew to manhood on the home place and spent the years of his minority in the acquisition of a good education and in assisting his mother as a dutiful and faithful son. In later years this same faithfulness that characterized the boy manifested the true qualities of the man. In educational discipline William was favored in that after completing the studies of the common schools he was permitted to continue his pursuit of knowledge in the McMinnville Academy. Subsequent to the completion of his course he repaired to the old homestead and took up life in the quiet pursuits of general farming and stockraising, which followed with diligence and industry until 1892. Between that date and the time of his advent into our county we are not informed as to his pursuits, but in 1898 Wallowa county was to be congratulated that there settled within her borders one who has shown commendable zeal in the development of the resources of the county and in the advancement of the same. He settled first near Enterprise and then came to his present farm three miles north and one mile west from Paradise. His farm is well improved with those things necessary for the operation of a first-class ranch and for comfort of life in rural surroundings. His occupation is principally sheep raising, in which he manifests excellent sagacity and untiring attention both to the general management and also to the details of the same. Success has been in attendance upon his thrift and energy and the result is that he has gained a goodly portion of this world's goods. On June 13, 1875, Mr. Kuykendall married Miss Lucia, daughter of Henry and Henrietta Ellis, residents of Polk county, and to this happy union there have been born the following children: Clifford M., United States postal clerk in the office at Butte, Montana; Charles A.; Iva M, wife of D.S. Gardner, near Paradise; William Roy. The people of Polk county called Mr. Kuykendall from the privacy of his business enterprises in 1884 and placed his name on the democratic ticket and straightway elected him to the position of representative in the state legislature. The duties devolving upon him in this capacity were discharged with efficiency and a faithfulness that are characteristic of the man, and he received the approval of his constituents in every respect. The father of our subject came to the Willamette valley in 1846 with a train of pack mules and the following year the mother joined her husband, and she had the distinction of driving an ox team all the way from the Platte river to the Willamette valley. The father was one of the earliest pioneers in the valley and assisted to survey the first road over the Shasta mountains into California. He was also one of the promoters of the historical Meek cut off. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 550, 551 Copyright 1902 JOSEPH H. LANDRUS JOSEPH H. LANDRUS. - A leading citizen of Wallowa county and numbered with the most progressive agriculturists of his vicinity, the subject of this sketch is eminently fitted to be granted representation in the annals of his county, since he has been faithful in its development and has also displayed commendable zeal in the advancement of its interests, while also in the days gone by when base strife was tearing the nation asunder he responded quickly to the call of freedom's banner and fought with courage and valor on the fields of blood until the last enemy was put down. Joseph H. was born in Crawford county, Indiana, on February 25, 1839, being the son of Samuel and March A. (Smith) Landrus. His early life was spent on a farm and in gaining a common-school education in the various sections where he resided. From his native place he was taken by his parents to Kentucky, thence to Coles county, Illinois. At the age of eighteen he was married to Miss Nancy A. Philson and two children were born to crown the union, being Francis M., deceased and Priscilla A., wife of John Farr, in Adair county, Missouri. On January 1, 1862, Mr. Landrus enlisted in Company H. Sixty-first Illinois Infantry, and then commenced a career of military action that is seldom exceeded. He participated in the battle of Shiloh, was at the siege of Vicksburg and did noble service in the heat of the conflict, fought at Little Rock, Arkansas, and at Murfreesboro was captured with all of his regiment and consigned to the gruesome and cruel bondage of Andersonville prison. Let those vaunt war as they desire ,but if one wishes to understand its sorrow and pain let those of Andersonville testify. A strong man, weighing two hundred and four pounds when he went into that den of infamy, when Mr. Landrus came out his physique was reduced to one hundred pounds, having endured the terrors of the spotted fever with all of the other wretched entailments of that most horrible of all prison pens. From Andersonville he went to Jacksonville, florida, and there recruited and afterward participated in other battles and skirmishes, and in July, 1865, he was discharged with honor to return to the walks of industrial life. Mr. Landus is now a member of the G.A.R., Captain Stanley Post No. 72, at Flora. On September 17, 1865, Mr. Landrus married Miss Lydia A., a native of Illinois, and a daughter of Robert V. and Jemima Alexander, the nuptials occurring in Coles county, Illinois. Four children have been born to this union, as follows: Samuel R., married to Ella Ivie, and living near Paradise: Charles H., married to Elda Denslow, living near Paradise: Clarence L.: and Walter. In 1866 they removed to Sullivan county, Missouri and there he followed farming and also operated a sawmill and a grist mill, continuing there until 1891, in which year he migrated to the Grande Ronde valley, locating near Elgin in Union county, operating there a sawmill until 1895. In that year he came to the section where he now lives and took up the sawmill business. Later he purchased the farm which is his home place now, three miles north of Paradise. His farm is well improved, being fenced and nearly all cultivated, and has a good house and barn and all other necessaries for a first-class ranch. He has a good orchard, the equal if not exceeding any in the community and in all of his ways Mr. Landrus has manifested a commendable spirit of thrift and industry and he is numbered with the leading men of his section. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 549, 550 Copyright 1902 JOHN A. LANMAN JOHN A. LANMAN is one of the best known men in Wallowa county, and also in eastern Oregon, having spent a career of exceptional success in the capacity of rider of race horses in this section, while in his business enterprises since that time he has manifested talent and energy that have commended him to his fellows. John A. was born in Wayne county, Iowa, on October 23, 1859, being the son of William and Betsey (Dobson) Lanman, natives of Illinois. They soon removed to Iowa after their nuptials, about 1843, and twenty years subsequent to that time they crossed the plains with their family to Boise, Idaho, and the next year came to the Grande Ronde valley. In 1865 the father took his present farm as a homestead, situated seven and one-half miles southwest from Summerville. In 1901 he retired from active business and now resides in Summerville. At the age of fourteen our subject was sent for by Joe Lamara, of Walla Walla, to ride the latter's horse, Tom Benton, in a race. John A. was compelled to ride the entire distance of ninety miles to Walla Walla, but still he was in shape to place Tom Benton a winner in the race, thus capturing a purse of two hundred and fifty dollars for himself and two thousand for the owner. That commenced a career of jockey riding that continued until he was twenty-three years of age. He rode for Alex LaBuff in Lagrande and for six years he never lost a race, a record seldom equaled. He rode four years steadily for Sturgell Brothers and never lost a race for them. He also rode for A.C. Smith in Enterprise, and he has backed the swiftest horses that ever trod this western soil. At the age of twenty-three he quit the track and settled down to farming, purchasing a farm near his father's. In 1888 he purchased a farm in Wallowa county, five miles northwest from Wallowa, continuing there in the pursuit of agriculture until 1897, when he sold it and purchased his present business of livery and feed stable in Wallowa. He does a good business, handling excellent rigs and good horses and by his careful attention to the wants of his customers has gained an opulent patronage. In addition to his business interests, he owns a fine residence with generous grounds in Wallowa. On March 26, 1899, Mr. Lanman married Miss Hattie Southwell, and one child has been born to gladden their union, Maud, whose birthday was June 23, 1900. Politically Mr. Lanman is allied with the Democratic party and manifests intelligent activity and interest in these matters. He served as constable of Wallowa, being elected for a two-year term in 1896, and in 1900 he was elected to a second term: also, he was road supervisor for two terms subsequent to 1890, in all of which public service he has manifested acceptable energy and diligence in the duties devolving upon him in these capacities, while he has also demonstrated his faithfulness, and integrity in this as in all of his career. In fraternal affiliations, he is associated with the Masons, Standley Lodge, No. 113, and with the I.O.O.F., Wallowa Lodge, No. 154. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 630, 631 Copyright 1902 THOMAS M. LATHROPE THOMAS M. LATHROPE. - We regret that space forbids a more extended and minute account of the career of the estimable gentleman and worthy pioneer that has been named at the beginning of this article, but we desire to especially mention that in capabilities he stands among the leading men of the county, while his endeavors have always been attended with energy and skill and also it is becoming to here state that when the demon of fratricidal strife had rented the fair land in twain and our banner of liberty's throne was trailing in the dust our subject was one of the noble sons of Columbia who quickly stepped to the front and fought back the minions of Rebellion until the last gun was silenced and the last enemy had bowed. On June 10, 1841, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Thomas M. was born to Thomas and Sarah Lathrope. He remained at home and received training in the public schools, and when fourteen years of age went with his parents to Linn county, Kansas, remaining there until the Civil war broke out. He was among the first to offer his services and enlisted in Company K, Second Kansas Volunteer Infantry. He soon was in the heat of battle, participating in the struggle at Cabin creek, besides numerous others, as well as many skirmishes. His service was constant and continued until the close of the war, receiving then an honorable discharge. He returned direct to Linn county, Kansas, and there, two years later, the date being August 18, 1869, occurred the marriage of Mr. Lathrope and Miss Elizabeth M., daughter of L.(?) B. and Margaret Fox. Mr. Fox is now living in Coos county, Oregon, having also been a pioneer to this state in 1852. He had the distinction of pitching the first tent in the now thriving town of Lincoln, Nebraska. The daughter referred to above was born in Johnson county, Missouri, on November 8, 1848, and her mother died soon after that date. On April 21, 1873, our subject and his young wife started on the long journey across the plains to Oregon and they continued until they rested in Coos county. Until 1877 that section was their home and then they came to the Grande Ronde valley, making that their abode until 1880. In that year we note that they sought further to the frontier and selected a home place in the territory now embraced in where he now lives, two miles west from Leap, and there began to bestow his labors for development and to make a home in the wilderness. Twenty and more years have rolled by since that time, and the well improved farm, good residence, large barn and substantial outbuildings with much else, testify strongly of his industry and good practical judgment. In addition Mr. Lathrope has considerable stock, consisting of neat animals and horses. To our subject and his worthy wife have been born twelve children, as follows: Howard M., deceased: Charles E., deceased: Leslie W.: Grace, wife of Frank Ott, of Enterprise: Thomas F., of Lewiston, Montana: Edith L., wife of Lon E. Dale, of Enterprise: Duane: George H.: Lu Virgil: Sarah V., deceased: Muriel: Itol E. Mr. Lathrope has been road supervisor of his district for six years, and at the present time he is serving as road master of the entire county, which speaks highly of his ability and practical judgment. In all these public capacities, as also in all his life, he has demeaned himself with vigor, intelligence, integrity and becoming sagacity, while his kind and genial nature has won him friends form every station of life. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 616, 617 Copyright 1902 JOHN B. LENT JOHN B. LENT. - When there is to be mention of the leading men of Wallowa county, men who have wrought for its upbuilding and advancement, the name of the subject of this appear in prominence in the list, and we are pleased to note the capabilities of the man, manifested in his skillful and wise manipulation of business affairs, as well, also, do we see his uprightness, integrity and probity in his entire career, and the chronicling of these items is ever a pleasure to be desired. John B. was born in Des Moines county, Iowa, on December 27, 1854, being the son of James Riley and Sarah (Whitehead) Lent, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana. The father was a farmer in Warren county, Iowa, and later, 1869, removed to Riley county, Kansas, where he remained until the time of his death, which occurred in 1875. The mother still lives with this son and also with a daughter in Trout creek. At the age of nineteen our subject started out in the world for himself. His education was obtained during the winters in the schools of his native place and the summers were spent in toil for the neighboring farmers. He acquired a good property and in 1876 sold his entire holdings and came to the Willamette valley. In that section he remained for one year, then sought a better place, finding the same in Wallowa county, where he settled on February 8, 1878, taking up a homestead of one-quarter section near Lostine. For twelve years he gave his attention to developing the estate, being one of the enterprising and energetic tillers of the soil in the county. Also during these years he gave much attention to raising stock, and was successful in all these endeavors. In 1890 he sold out and went to California, Charles Fitzpatrick purchasing his farm. For one and one-half years he remained in that state, sounding its resources and investigating the different portions for himself. At the end of that time he was satisfied to return to Wallowa county as a better place, and accordingly he was welcomed back here. He at once rented a farm from J.A. Tulley and in 1897 bought a place eighteen miles north of Wallowa, which he sold in 1901. He still lives on J.A. Tulley's place which is situated two and one-half miles southeast from Wallowa, and is improved in fine shape. He has good orchards and all other accessories for a first-class ranch. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 657 Copyright 1902 ELZIE O. MAKIN ELZIE O. MAKIN. - Any volume that purports to give the salient points in the careers of the leading and prominent citizens of Wallowa county would be open to serious criticism were there failure to incorporate there-in an epitome of the life of the esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this article, and who has labored for the building and development of Wallowa county for years, displaying meanwhile a vigor, energy, and sagacity, coupled with other capabilities of a high order, while also his sound principles, unswerving integrity and strict adherence to the ways of uprightness have given him the meed of the confidence and admiration of his fellows, while he has also gained a goodly portion of the good things of this world. In Indiana, on August 7, 1862, the subject of this sketch opened his eyes to the light of this world, and from that time until he had reached the age of nineteen years we have no data of his career. When he arrived at the interesting age of nineteen years, he stepped from the parental roof into the arena of life's struggles, prepared to meet the forces and take advantage of the opportunities there awaiting him. He labored with his father in the lumbering interests, operating in the Blue mountains, then he took an extended trip to the east, exploring different states, in search for a place to settle. Finally, he decided to locate in Arkansas and there engaged in the lumbering business and in operating a sawmill. Seven years were spent there and then the spirit that had known the boundless resources of the west could no longer be restrained in the east and accordingly he came to the west, settling in Wallowa county and taking up a pre-emption. After proving up, he sold this property and repaired to the Snake river, the year being 1890, and there took up a homestead. This quarter section increased to five hundred and sixty acres, while where he lives on Prairie creek, seven miles east from Enterprise, he owns in one body as much more good land. He gives proper attention to general farming, but devotes his energies principally to raising sheep, of which he has about three thousand stock animals. On July 7, 1880, in the Grande Ronde valley, occurred the marriage of Mr. Makin and Miss Margaret, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Wilson) Finley, who were formerly farmers of Alabama, but now residents of Arkansas. To this union there have been born the following children: Louisa, Allen, Walter, Viola, Edith and Melford. Mrs. Makin was born in Alabama on July 7, 1880. Mr. Makin is one of the capable and substantial men of our county and is deserving of especial honor for his worthy labors. The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 635, 636 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM MAKIN WILLIAM MAKIN.- To the capable and enterprising citizen whose name initiates this paragraph we are pleased to accord a representation in the history of Wallowa county, since he has trod the path of the pioneer in a worthy manner, displaying constantly qualities of moral worth and value, and has achieved a success in temporal affairs that is commendable and praiseworthy, being the meed of continuity in wisely directed effort and energy and sagacity in all of his ways, and consequently it is very fitting that he should be placed today as one of the prominent men of the county, which position he fills with acceptability. Mr. Makin was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, on December 12, 1837, and went hence at the age of five to Marshall county, Indiana, with his parents, Robert and Margaret (Brewer) Makin. Soon after this journey, the father died and our subject was left with the mother, with whom he lived until he had reached manhood's estate. During this time he gained from the primitive schools of the place an education, walking to and from school three miles each way and searching for wisdom's treasures around the old fashioned fireplace in a log school house. When our subject reached the age of eighteen, his mother was called to pass the river of death, and the following year he removed to Wayne county, Iowa whence after a short stay, he returned to Indiana. In 1857 he again made the trip to Iowa, remaining this time until 1862. In this last year, he prepared his family and holdings to take the long and arduous journey across the mountains and plains to the Pacific coast, utilizing ox teams for transportation. The train consisted of one hundred and five wagons, and although many others suffered from the attacks of the savages, on account of the size of this train it was unmolested during the entire journey. He halted at Auburn, Baker county, and engaged in packing both there and in Idaho basin, also gave some attention to mining, and in 1863 moved his family to the Grande Ronde valley. In 1860 Mr. Makin married Miss Mary Fox, and one child was born to them in Iowa, Elzie O. He is now living in the vicinity of Enterprise. After coming to the Grande Ronde valley, one more child was born to our subject, Allen, who died in 1897. The mother and wife was called from her family by death in 1865. Mr. Makin continued to farm in the Grande Ronde valley for a time after this sad event and also gave some attention to raising stock. In 1866 Mr. Makin married a second time. Angeline Shoemaker being his choice at this time, and four children blessed this union: Frederick, married to Mary Tuttle and living near Enterprise: Annie, wife of J.K. Romic. of Lagrande: Mollie, wife of Charles Stacy, near Enterprise: William, deceased. On February 23, 1884, Mr. Makin was married a third time, Jemima Williams of Enterprise becoming his wife on this occasion and to them have been born eight children. Otho, deceased, Inez, Eva, Ralph, Wildon, Lila and Lula, twins and deceased. Glenwood. In 1887 Mr. Makin sold his ranch in the Grande Ronde and moved to his present home two miles south from Enterprise, which consists of an estate of six hundred acres. It is all well fenced and improved, having comfortable house and good barn, and the farm well supplied with water which assists him in raising abundant crops of the cereals and timothy and alfalfa. He has a large band of sheep and is one of the leading wool growers of the county. He and his son Frederick own the electric light plant that furnishes Enterprise with light. Mr. Makin is a man that has always allied himself with the side of morality and good and is upright and faithful in all his ways. His bright example of moral conduct and stanch support of the cause of religion in his section have made him worthy to be emulated and he is a light in the community. Many of the various denominations have profited much by his liberality and while he is a member of no sect, still he supports the cause always, and is foremost in working for the cause of education also. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 538, 539 Copyright 1902 BENJAMIN MARKS BENJAMIN MARKS. - A stanch and sturdy pioneer of the western country, commendable and loyal and patriotic as a citizen in all his relations since, a faithful member of society, and a progressive agriculturist and stockman of the Imnaha country now, the subject of this brief article is eminently fitted to be represented in any volume that purports to detail the lives of the pioneers and the leading men of the county, consequently it is with pleasure that we accord space for mention of the salient points in an eventful and interesting career in which our subject has universally manifested virtues of a high moral order and displayed both integrity and capabilities of rare worth. On January 14, 1840, Mr. Marks was born in Jackson county, Missouri, being the son of Bluford and Martha w. (Moore) Marks, natives of Kentucky and prosperous agriculturists in Missouri at the date given above. The first thirteen years of our subject's life were spent in his native place, where he received a good training in the schools, and then in company with his parents he came across the plains with ox teams, escaping the bloodshed so common among the immigrants of that time, but in no wise being free from the hardships and deprivations that were incident to such a stupendous undertaking. In due time the weary immigrants rested their teams in Linn county, and taking advantage of the laws of the country they took one-half section of land and devoted themselves to subduing it and making a home and a good farm. In 1873, having removed to Crook county, the father died, but the mother is still living in Grants Pass, this state, with her daughter, Mrs.J.J. Fryer. Our subject remained with his father until twenty-two years had crowned his life and then he set sail on life's sea for himself, going first to John Day county, where he mined for three years and then returned to Willamette valley and with the proceeds of his labor purchased a farm in Linn county. Until 1883 he continued on this farm, being numbered as one of the successful and prosperous tillers of the soil in Linn county. Then he sold out and repaired to Gilliam county, taking a preemption claim, and working at the blacksmith trade until 1889. Then he determined to secure some of the fertile soil in the Imnaha country for his own, and accordingly came hither and homesteaded his present place of one-quarter section. In addition to this, he has a farm on the Snake river and is engaged in stock raising and farming, being attended with his accustomed good success in his endeavors. The people of the country have taken advantage of the ability and sagacity and faithfulness of Mr. Marks and have kept him in the justice's chair for two terms since he has resided there, and to his credit be it said that he has faithfully discharged the duties of this office and has also displayed an ability and uprightness in dispensing justice that have won the esteem of his constituents and the confidence of all. Mr. Marks married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of A.P. and Unity (Vulgemore) Nye, pioneers of Linn county in 1851, the wedding of our subject occurring on January 21, 1866. A goodly fruitage of fourteen children has been the heritage of this happy union, and the names of the children are as follows: Thomas O.: Lydia, deceased: Annie, Samuel, deceased: Mammie, deceased: Clem, Nettie, Alfred, Jacob, Charles, Minnie, Ira, Archie and Roy. Mr. Marks is one of the patriarchs of the land and his bright example of unswerving integrity and sound principles with uprightness in his life commend him to all lovers of good and make him eminently worthy to be followed. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 583, 584 Copyright 1902 JOHN MARTIN JOHN MARTIN. - Among the agricultural population of Wallowa county who have wrought faithfully for the development and substantial progress of the same, mention must be made of the patriotic, loyal and estimable citizen, of whom we now have the pleasure to write, and who was numbered among that noble body of men who fought courageously for the defense of the Union and when need called he shed blood for the honor of the flag that headed the supporters of freedom. During his long career, fraught with noble deeds and manifestation of sound principles, our subject has ever demonstrated the real moral worth of his personality and the intrinsic qualities of which he is possessed, in worthy deeds commensurate therewith. John Martin was born in Kentucky in 1843, being the son of John and Cisly (Robberts) Martin, who married and settled in Kentucky in an early day. In 1857 they removed to Missouri, the father passing from mortality there in 1878 and the mother departing this scene in 1891. When the Civil war broke out, our subject was actuated by that same spirit of loyalty and patriotism that gave us our free institutions, and in support of them he enlisted in Company E, Thirty-third Missouri, in 1862, and fought and marched and did military duty in all capacities in which he was called upon, faithfully and well, until January 15, 1866. he participated in many battles and skirmishes and in the battle of Mobile received a wound. When the time came for the veterans to lay down the weapons of warfare, he was ready to enter upon the quieter duties of the civilian and he accordingly returned to Missouri and engaged in producing the fruits of the field, leading the life of a capable, faithful and enterprising citizen there until 1881, then removed to Arkansas, and in that state engaged in farming for three years. It was 1884 that he sought out Wallowa county and came thither. He at once engaged in stock raising and general farming. He is at present a resident of Joseph and from that point oversees the interests that he possesses throughout the county. In 1862 Mr. Martin married Miss Eliza Dunnington, a native of Ohio, and to them were born the following children: Isabella, Addie, Chester, Nettie, Joe and Nellie. In 1876 Mrs. Dunnington passed away, and was laid to rest in Missouri. In 1876 Mr. Martin married Miss Violet A. Dunnington, a sister of his former wife, and she became the mother of seven children, as follows: Myra, Lewis, Lyra, Clinton, Clifford, Eva, Edgar. In 1899 Mrs. Martin was taken by death from her family and her remains are buried in Joseph. Mr. Martin is one of the prominent agriculturists and stockmen of Wallowa county and is esteemed by all as stanch, upright and capable. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 571, 572 Copyright 1902 THOMAS G. MATLOCK THOMAS G. MATLOCK. - This well-known citizen of Heppner, Morrow county, Oregon, who devotes himself to the improvement of our stock of horses, was born in Dade county, Missouri, March 4, 1849, and came with his parents across the plains to Oregon in 1853, locating with them near Eugene, where they engaged in stock-raising, and remaining until the death of the father at Bannack City, Idaho. He was buried on Buena Vista Bar, July 1, 1863. Thomas received a common-school education, and worked on the farm. His father having been a fancier and producer of fine horses, our subject went in 1871 to Umatilla county with the intention of continuing in the same business, and has remained there ever since, developing one of the finest bands of horses and also one of the neatest herds of stock to be found in the state. There also live his brothers, C.J., E.L., W.F. and J.W. J.D. lives at Eugene, where he is successfully engaged in the mercantile business. Thomas was married in 1871 to Miss Mary E. Larkin, and has three boys and three girls. His mother is now seventy-four years of age, and makes her home with her only daughter, Mrs. Greenwood of the Wallowa. She is a woman still in good health and of unclouded mind. Page 441. History of Pacific Northwest - Oregon and Washington Volume II Copyright 1889 CHARLES W. MEEK CHARLES W. MEEK. - Without dispute some of our most worthy and progressive and thrifty citizens have come to us from England whence also sprang the subject of this sketch whose life of commendable activity and successful enterprise in business relations, coupled with stanch and unswerving integrity and high moral qualities of intrinsic worth, justly entitle him to a representation in this volume of Wallowa's abiding chronicles, and it is with pleasure that we incorporate his name here with a brief review of his eventful career. Charles W. was born to Charles and Sarah (Sparks) Meek in Hertfordshire, England, in the year 1850. There he was educated in the public schools and also learned the primary part of the carpenter's trade. At the age of fifteen his father was taken away by death and our subject then left the native land and came to the wide and resourceful country of the free. He first settled in Canandaigua, Ontario county, New York, remaining one year, then removed to Plainfield, Kent county, Michigan. In this latter place, he was engaged at the trade of the carpenter for eleven years, and in 1878 he came to Lagrande, Oregon. Six months he stayed in that city, and wrought at his trade and then sought out the fertile regions of Wallowa county, taking a homestead eight miles southeast from Joseph. To this beginning Mr. Meek has added by purchase, at times, until he now owns five hundred and forty acres of good land. In addition to farming, which he has prosecuted successfully since the date of his settlement he has also been interested in sawmilling. He first erected a sawmill and then soon added a planer and shingle mill and he has been the promoter of one of the important industries of the county. Success has attended him in this undertaking as in his other business, and he is possessed of a goodly portion of this world's property. In 1869 Mr. Meek married Miss Alice N., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Stump) Baker, and they have been blessed by the advent of the following children: Viola, Alverta, William, May, Etta, Ethel, and Benjamin. Mrs. Meeks parents were married and settled in Ohio, remaining there for six years and then migrated to Plainfield, Michigan, where Mr. Meek was married. Mr. Meek is one of Wallowa's influential men and is a potent factor in its politics, where he has ever manifested the interest that is commendable and marks the intelligent citizen. Mr. Meek served in the responsible office of county commissioner for some time in the early years, and his advice and sagacity have assisted much throughout the history of the county in guiding the affairs for the benefit of all, while he is highly esteemed by all that know him. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 603, 604 Copyright 1902 ARTHUR A. MILLER ARTHUR A. MILLER. - The list of Wallowa county's business men and prominent stock raisers would be quite incomplete were there failure to incorporate in the number that of the prominent and intelligent young man which is the subject of this sketch, and of whom we are pleased to record that he has manifested marked ability in business enterprises during the years in which he has wrought here, as well as before coming here, and that also there must be accredited to him sound principles, and a high sense of honor that he has maintained intact and by which excellent sagacity he is demeaned. On June 2, 1868, in Union, Union county, this state, our subject was born to Simon and Juliet Ann Miller. The boyhood days were spent in gaining a good education, and in assisting his father until the death of the latter, in 1887. Following that sad event, Arthur A., worked for the estate for a time and then bought an interest in a furniture store in Union, the date of this purchase being March, 1888. In December of the following year he sold this business and bought a ranch of one hundred and sixty acres near Union and there he engaged in farming for four years. In addition to this he owned a section of land on Clover creek. He sold this entire property and from 1894 to 1897 he was engaged in freighting to the mines in the vicinity of Sumpter, and also he took part in mining. In the year last named he entered partnership with his brother, S.E. Miller, and they bought sixteen hundred head of sheep, running them in Union and Baker counties until 1899. In that year our subject came to Wallowa county and sought out a place for a location, making arrangements in the Imnaha country for this purpose. He then took charge of the business in this county and the brother handled that in Union county. In August 1900, our subject took a homestead on the Imnaha, where he makes his headquarters for the sheep. In 1901 he bought the livery business in Joseph that he now operates and he has made a good success of the venture, as he now does a fine business and makes it felt that he is laboring also for the upbuilding of the county, which has given him a place in its ranks of leading business and stock men. In addition to these enterprises, our subject has found time to give attention to mining and has some very promising properties on the Snake river. On October 28, 1888, Mr. Miller married Miss Nora B., daughter of Job and Jennie Spray, farmers and stock raisers of Illinois, their native state, and to them have been born two children, Lester E., born June 28, 1890, and Marjorie M., born May 17, 1895. Mrs. Miller was born in Illinois on June 27, 1869. Mr. Miller is a member of the B.P.O.E., Lodge No. 433, in Lagrande. Mr. Miller is one of the prominent and promising men of the county, and he is esteemed by all for his good principles as well as for his ability and achievements. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 634 Copyright 1902 GEORGE E. MILLER GEORGE E. MILLER. - Wallowa county has her full quota of stock men, among whom are some of the ablest in the state, but there are none in our county who stand better among the people generally, being well liked and esteemed, than the capable gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph and whose life has been one of uprightness and guided by sound and sagacious principles, while he is possessed of an unswerving integrity, that stamps him the man under all circumstances and in all relations. Mr. Miller is a native Oregonian, being born to John and Louisa (Schulle) Miller, on October 28, 1868, in Marion county. The father is a native of Ohio, and the mother of Missouri. The father was a farmer and stock man of Adair county, Missouri, and came west in the early sixties, engaging in freighting and mining for eight years in various places. In 1868 he returned to Missouri and settled, remaining there since that time. But little mention is made of our subject's career until he had reached the age of majority. At that time he was suffering from ill health and came to Oregon to be made sound in body once more. He settled in Wallowa county, remaining in and around Wallowa town for several years and engaging himself with the different stockmen of the vicinity, among whom was John C. Stailey. In the fall of 1895 Mr. Miller went to Crow creek and purchased his present place of eight hundred and eighty acres, which lies sixteen miles northeast from Enterprise. A portion of this range land and a portion suitable for general farming. Mr. Miller has devoted most of his attention to handling sheep, having about four thousand stock animals which he operates. He is considered one of the heavy stockmen in the county and is surely, owing to his thrift and untiring care of the details of his business, one of the most successful ones. He is a man of sound principles, possessed of fine capabilities, and a geniality that has won him friends from every station of life. He is widely known in northeastern Oregon and wherever he is acquainted he is esteemed and his abilities and past success presage for him a future career of extended prosperity and business success that would do credit to any manipulator. The Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 636, 637 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM R. MINOR, Jr. WILLIAM R. MINOR, Jr. - Among the pioneers who put their shoulder to the wheel and pressed the good work of development forward in this section, enduring hardships and deprivations that were calculated to overcome the hearts of those who were not brave and hardy, especial mention must be made of the esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this sketch, and it is with pleasure that we give him space in the history of his county, both because of this excellent work and because of his moral qualities of worth that have constantly been in evidence in all of his walk. Mr. Minor was born in Callaway county, Missouri, on May 1, 1855, being the son of William R. and Martha L. (Cowles) Minor. In 1864 the family crossed the plains with ox teams, being members of the famous train known as the Big Missouri Train. They came direct to the Grande Ronde valley, settling near Cove. Our subject received his education in that place and in his native state, and remained with his parents until 1878. On February 23, of that year, Mr. Minor married Mrs. Jennie, widow of the late Charles C. Beggs, her maiden name being Gasten. The nuptials occurred at the Cove on the date mentioned, and in April of that year they located three miles below Lostine in the Wallowa valley. Mr. Minor filed a homestead right and to the improvement and cultivation of this land he gave his attention until 1888, when he sold out and the following year he removed to a position four miles west from Coeur d' Alene, Idaho, and engaged for one year in the manufacture of brick, following which he came to Lostine. In 1892, he came to a farm near where he now lives and remained there until 1897, removing thence to a farm at Powwatka, trading for the last place. In 1899 he sold this place and came where he now dwells, three and one-half miles east from Wallowa, purchasing a quarter section in this place. He has a good farm, well improved with comfortable residence, commodious barn, substantial outbuildings and fine orchard, besides other things that make rural life comfortable and enjoyable. To our subject and his worthy wife there have been born the following children: Frederick J., deceased: Lillie B., wife of Pearl T. Shephard: Lewis W.: Ray F. Mr. Minor has always manifested an intelligent interest in the political matters of the county and has labored with energy for the advancement of the cause of education in his section, while he enjoys the esteem and confidence of his fellows. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 620 Copyright 1902 J. M. MITCHELL J.M. MITCHELL. - No compilation of the annals of Wallowa county would be complete without especial mention of the esteemed subject of this article and his faithful wife, who were among the earliest pioneers here and who have labored with energy and assiduity Since in the upbuilding and advancement of the county. J.M. Mitchell was born in Lafayette county, Missouri, on November 18,1 848, being the son of Frederick and Rebecca Mitchell. The father was born in the vicinity of Richmond, Virginia, in January, 1808, while the mother was born in that city on December 31, 1808. They were of Irish and Dutch extraction and numbered among the agriculturists and stockraisers of the country. In 1834 they came to Indiana. In 1852 they came overland with teams to Oregon. Seven months were consumed in the journey and when they arrived at Milwaukee, near Portland, they went immediately into winter quarters where all but eight of their sixty-four cattle died. A move was made the next spring to Lookingglass valley in Douglas county and much suffering on account of hostile Indians was incurred, the family being obliged to live in fortifications much of the time. In 1863 the family came to Cove, which was then a wild country, also infested with the savages. This was in Union county and there and in western Oregon young Mitchell received what education was to be had in those trying frontier times. Once Mr. Mitchell was called to help suppress an Indian uprising, but it proved to be only one Indian and all was soon settled. On September 25, 1870, Mr. Mitchell and Miss Mary A., daughter of Luke J. and Mary Ann (Shaw) Boothe, were married, the nuptials occurring in Cove, Union county, Oregon. Mrs. Mitchell was born on December 14, 1850, in Unionville, Putnam county, Missouri. Her father was born in Virginia, on May 5, 1819, and her mother was born in Booneville, Missouri on March 8, 1821: Mrs. Mitchell's ancestors were of Scotch and Irish extraction and her parents were farmers and stock raisers. Her father was an officer in the Missouri militia. He preached for forty-two years in the Baptist church and organized a number of churches and was a faithful expounder of the gospel. Mrs. Mitchell is now a member of the Baptist church, as her parents were before her. She has four brothers and two sisters. Mrs. Mitchell crossed the plains in 1865, aged fourteen years. In 1868 the family came to the Cove, Union county, and there she lived after her marriage until 1880. In 1880 Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell came to what is now Wallowa county and near Joseph they took up farming, raising stock and operating a saw mill. In 1895 a move was made to Joseph and Mrs. Mitchell opened a hotel which she is now operating while her husband manages the stock ranch, that they own near town. She has made a fine success of the hotel, owing to her keen business ability and good financiering, while as a hostess she is unexcelled in kindness to her guests and her house is justly popular with the travelling public. Mrs. Mitchell is a member of the circle of the w. of the W. Mr. Mitchell has always taken an intelligent part in politics and aided in the organization of Wallowa county. He is a Jeffersonian Democrat and his first vote was cast for president of the United States in 1872. Mr. Mitchell has five brothers and four sisters. His brother, Matthew W. Mitchell, was one of the educators of Douglas county and in 1876 was chosen for the state legislature on the democratic ticket. He now lives in Union county. Mary Mitchell, our subject's sister, married Jephthah Green, who was representative to the state legislature from Douglas county in 1888. Mr. Mitchell is one of the incorporators of the Desert Land Ditch, which is valued at about two thousand dollars. To this worthy couple there have been born the following children: Fed W., Herman, Anna, Henry, Weldon and Guy. None of the citizens of the prosperous county of Wallowa are more highly esteemed or stand better or have done more faithful work for the advancement of the interests of the county than the worthy couple mentioned above. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 657, 658 Copyright 1902 J.P. MORELOCK J.P. MORELOCK. - Among the promising and capable business men of Wallowa must be mentioned the enterprising and active gentleman, whose name is at the head of this article and who is well and favorably known in all parts of this section, being commended to his fellows by his affability and excellent capabilities, that have been manifested as characteristic of him in a successful career of business, since he has been domiciled within our county. A native son of the northwest, being born in the Grande Ronde valley, the date thereof being September 23, 1872. His parents, E.B. and Rebecca J. Morelock, were natives of Missouri, but at the present time are residents of Elgin, in Union county. Our subject acquired his educational training in the schools of the Grande Ronde valley and at the early age of sixteen years began the battle of life for himself, in which he has gained both a gratifying success, and the encomiums of his fellows. His initiatory work was as salesman, following it continuously for several years. In 1897 he had acquired good training in this line and had secured a good property and came to Wallowa and discovered an opening there for a first class confectionery and cigar store, which he at once started. He owns the ground and building where his business is conducted and he has gained a patronage that is flattering and has given him the rewards of substantial property. He is one of the influential men of the town and is active in political matters, being allied with the Republican party and ever laboring for those measures that he deems advantageous for the welfare of the county and her residents. At the present time Mr. Morelock is serving as mayor of the town of Wallowa, being placed in that position by an appreciative and discriminating people, and he is faithfully and efficiently discharging the responsible duties of that incumbency, and is highly esteemed by all. On February 23, 1898, Mr. Morelock married Mary A., daughter of John W. and Lottie (Couch) Logan, natives of Missouri, but at the present time residents of Elgin. To the happy union there has been born one child, Willena Gladys L., born December 15, 1898, at Wallowa. Mr. Morelock is prominently connected in fraternal affiliations, being identified with the Masons, Standley Lodge, No. 113; with O.E.S., Chapter No. 86; with the I.O.O.F., Wallowa Lodge, No. 54; with the K. of P., Wallowa Lodge, No. 87; with the W. of W., Camp No. 600. He is a young business man of promise and stands high in the esteem and confidence of his fellows, while he has manifested ability of a rare merit. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 624 Copyright 1902 THOMAS MORGAN THOMAS MORGAN. - In the course of the compilation of the history of Wallowa and Union counties, it is now our pleasant privilege to give in brief outline the career of the well known and enterprising stockman, whose name is at the head of this article: and it is with pleasure that we embrace the opportunity, since we are assured that he is a man that is fitted in every way to be thus represented in his county's history, having labored here for a number of years in the good work of developing the country and in prosecuting substantial industries, as farming and stock raising, while also he has displayed personal characteristics that have won for him the respect and admiration of all who are acquainted with him. Mr. Morgan is one of the younger citizens of the county, being born on December 28, 1879, in Linn county, Oregon, to Seth and Margaret (Hamilton) Morgan, natives of Illinois. The father came to the Willamette valley with his parents in 1847, being thus one of the earliest white settlers and pioneers of the region. He proved himself to be made of the true metal of the pioneer and frontiersman and wrought with faithfulness in the occupations incident to such a life for years. He was occupied in packing through this section of the country in the early sixties, and was well known for his courage, ability, sound wisdom, and fearless bravery in all times of danger as well as in arduous undertakings. He was well known all over the state of Oregon and, in fact, throughout the entire northwest in the early camps. It is a matter of regret that more detail of such an interesting career was not given that we might embody it in the history. Mr. Morgan is now living in quiet retirement in the Dalles, enjoying the portion that good industry and skill gave him. Our subject received his early educational training in his native place and when he had arrived at the age of eighteen he stepped forth into the sea of activity for himself. Two years after this time he started to farm for himself in Umatilla county and for three years he was numbered with the prosperous agriculturists, in that county. Then he went to the vicinity of the Dalles and engaged in the stock business. Desiring to be more on the frontiers where he could handle stock to better advantage, he came with a brother to Wallowa county and purchased his present place in the vicinity of Fruita. The first purchase was one-half section, and to this he has added from time to time until he owns alone six hundred and eighty acres. Mr. Morgan has given his attention principally to raising stock and is counted one of the sagacious and progressive citizens of the county, having achieved a good success in his endeavors. Although still a young man, Mr. Morgan has made a record in which he may well take pardonable pride. On November 27, 1894, Mr. Morgan married Miss Ettie B., daughter of Levi P. and Laureandia A. Smith, the wedding occurring in Pendleton, Oregon. Mrs. Morgan was born in North Salem, Indiana, on January 28, 1871. Her father was a prosperous farmer of Indiana and came west in 1878, settling as a pioneer in Umatilla county. Mr. And Mrs. Morgan are members of the Christian church and are striving to exemplify the faith that they hold by practice in daily life, being highly esteemed and confided in by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 581, 582 Copyright 1902 CLINTON W. MUMFORD CLINTON W. MUMFORD. - One of the leading merchants of Wallowa county, the subject of this sketch is justly entitled to honorable mention in this portion of our work and because of his excellent achievements, which he has accomplished in a life of activity and enterprise, and because of his ability that has been brought into requisition in these endeavors, and because of the sound principles that dominate him and the broad public spirit that characterizes him, we are pleased to grant this to him, while also it is but right to mention that he is esteemed by all and is the recipient of the confidence of his fellows. Clinton M. was born in Crawford county, Wisconsin, on April 30, 1866, being the son of James B. and Elizabeth A. (Zerba) Mumford. While young he accompanied his parents to Cass county, Nebraska, and his boyhood days were spent on the farm, and in gaining the education to be had from the public schools. It was in 1883 that he migrated from Nebraska to Pendleton, Oregon, accompanying his parents on this trip. On July 18, 1886, at Pendleton, occurred the marriage of Mr. Mumford and Miss Margaret A., daughter of Alexander and Satira A. (McDowell) Osborn. Subsequent to this happy event, he purchased a farm, which he improved in good manner and then sold, only to purchase again, adding another tract, which gives him a fine estate of three hundred and twenty acres. This property is well improved, having good houses and barns and other necessaries to a first class farm. In 1898 our subject entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, B.M. Rounsavell, in Summerville, Oregon, handling general merchandise. In 1900 they sold that business and came to Wallowa, where he entered into the furniture business, which is now grown to large proportions, while they handle all goods that are used in house furnishing. The establishment is one of the best in the county and has been built up by dint of hard labor and good management. Our subject has given his ability and personal work to the accomplishment of this praiseworthy undertaking and the prosperity that the firm enjoys to-day is patent evidence of the abundant success that has attended his efforts. Mr. Mumford is a member of the I.O.O.F., Wallowa Lodge, No. 154, being a past grand: he is also a member of the Woodmen of the World, Lodge No. 600, of Wallowa, and of the K. of P. Mrs. Mumford is a member of the Rebekahs, and they both are identified with the M.E. church, being active in the affairs of the church and in the cause of their faith. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 622 Copyright 1902 Benjamin F. Myers How different today appear the rich farms of plenty and the scenes of prosperity in this county, where but a few years since were the wastes of unbroken wildness, peopled by the occasional savage and his attendant companions, the coyote and the timid deer. Men, like the subject of this sketch, stanch, stable and true, came with hearts determined and hands willing to subdue the wild, to repel the savage, and build themselves homes, where now are in evidence the comforts of civilization, wrought out by their faithful endeavors. We are glad to make mention of one who has had a part in this good work and establish his name in the abiding chronicles of Wallowa county. Benjamin F. Myers was born in 1861, in Missouri, to Henry A. and Louisa (Spikes) Myers. The parents were pioneers to Missouri and migrated to the Grande Ronde valley in 1864, settling at Summerville. There the subject of this sketch was reared and educated and wrought with his father until the latter's death. The mother is still living. Benjamin F. continued to operate the home place until about eleven years since, when he purchased a place in Wallowa county, and there wrought for a period of years. He was thrifty, industrious and handled his land in a becoming manner to one skilled in husbandry. After some time spent in this way he removed again to Union county and lived there, engaged in farming until three years since, and then once more he became a citizen of Wallowa county. He was welcomed back, for he had formed friends and his uprightness and stanch principles made him a valuable addition to the county's population. He resides at the present time two and one-half miles northwest from Wallowa, where he owns one-half section of land. He gives his entire attention to general farming and stock raising, in both of which occupations he manifest good wisdom and is attended with a success and prosperity that bespeak his executive ability, his good practical judgment in the affairs of life, and his untiring efforts in his business enterprises. In 1883 Mr. Myers took unto himself a wife, the lady of his choice being Miram L. Hamilton, a native of Ohio, whose parents came to Union county in 1870 and settled at Summerville. To this happy union there have been born four children, as follows: Nora, William, Isa and Harry. Mr. Myers is one of the substantial and highly respectable citizens of the county, ever taking that interest in the affairs of government that becomes the good and intelligent citizen, while hi personal demeanor is calculated to inspire confidence and esteem from all who know him. Mr. Myers is a member of the M. W. A. Camp No. 10370, of Wallowa. History Of Union And Wallowa Counties Oregon Historical Society Library Portland, Oregon R 979.16 Page 564 LEWIS NEAL LEWIS NEAL. - Our work would not be able to refute the charge of incompleteness Were there failure to incorporate within the biographical portion a review of the salient features of the career of the estimable and well-known gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has been well known also over a great portion of the northwest country, having wrought in faithfulness in many sections, while he has also assisted much in the development of Wallowa county, being now one of its substantial and capable citizens, who is striving for its advancement and welfare, while he has also shown excellent personal qualities of worth and uprightness, coupled with which are integrity and sound principles. Mr. Neal was born in Indiana on June 26, 1840, being the son of William and Mahala (Parker) Neal, who were numbered with the agriculturists of that state until 1850, when they undertook the monotonous and weary journey across the plains with ox teams, continuing the same until they landed in the Willamette valley. There they took up one section of land under the donation law, but later removed to Monument, in Grant county. The father resides there at the present time, but the mother was called by death to the other world, and her remains sleep at Monument. Our subject received some of his education in Indiana and some in the Willamette valley, and he remained with his parents until he had reached the age of twenty-four years. Subsequent to that time he spent one year in the Cascade mountains and then went to Butter creek, in Morrow county, and took up a claim and farmed for one year, then removed to Monument and secured a pre-emption and engaged in raising stock. In that place he continued for nine years, then sold his land to his father and repaired to Crab creek country in the vicinity of Ritzville, Washington. In that place he spent three years in farming. Then from that date until the time of his advent in Wallowa county, in 1890, he was in various places and occupations. In the year last named he came to Wallowa county and purchased his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres, near Fruita, and engaged in raising stock. His original quarter-section has been increased to two hundred and eighty acres and he has some fine stock and is prospered in his endeavors. In June, 1865, Mr. Neal married Miss Matilda, daughter of James and Liddie Cox, farmers near Silverton. The nuptial ceremony took place at Silverton, and to our subject and his worthy wife there have been born the following children: Ira, Lillie and Nellie. Mrs. Neal's parents are both deceased and sleep at Silverton. It is of note that during the war with the Indians in 1856, although our subject was but sixteen years of age, he served for nine months in the heat of the campaign as a volunteer, doing commendable military duty, and leaving a record that is bright. It is right that we mention that our subject is numbered with the leading citizens of his community and has achieved a success that places him among the substantial and progressive men of the county, while he has secured the respect and esteem of all. Since writing the above, the painful news of the death of Mr. Neal has been confirmed. He was working in a field near the home and it is supposed that he died from heart failure. He was a man of good standing among his fellows and his sudden taking off is deeply mourned. The date of his departure was August 7, 1902. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 629, 630 Copyright 1902 S. H. NEVILLE S. H. NEVILLE. - It is quite consistent with a compendium of the defined providence of the history of Wallowa county that in it should appear the review of the career of the esteemed gentleman whose name appears at the head of this article. He has been one of the builders of northeastern Oregon and in this work has manifested a public spirit and sound principles, while in the prosecution of his own business enterprises he has displayed an ability that has given him an unqualified success so brilliant that he is at the present time one of the most influential men and heaviest property owners in Wallowa county. In Wapello county, Iowa, the subject of this article was born on November 14, 1849, being the son of Edward and Jane (McGuire) Neville, natives respectively of Ohio and Kentucky, but farmers of Iowa. The month of May, 1871,marks the time when the family came to Oregon, settling in Union county. The father took up land in the vicinity of Summerville, acting in opposition to the advice of old settlers, as they thought the land in question was simply desert. The same is some of the best farm land in this part of Oregon today. The father devoted his energy to farming and stock raising, buying one-half section from the state. He continued one of the prominent men of Union county until 1888, when he was summoned hence by death and the mother followed in 1896, and their remains sleep peacefully in the cemetery at Summerville. The brother of our subject, whose sketch appears in another portion of the book, was living at home when the death of the father occurred and also he was in partnership with our subject and together they have wrought much of the time in this western country. They had secured a farm in the vicinity of Summerville and at the time of their selling, which occurred in 1898, he had seven hundred and eight-seven acres of good land, being one of the choicest farms in the vicinity. Following this sale he came to Wallowa county and purchased about one thousand acres and now lives one-half mile east from Wallowa on a farm of over four hundred acres and devotes his time to general farming and stock raising. The brothers also own one quarter section still in Union county. On February 4, 1885, occurred the marriage of Mr. Neville and Miss Julia, daughter of William Hill, an old settler of Union county, and five children have blessed the union, Nora, Edward, Zella, Mable and Mark. Mr. And Mrs. Neville are devoted members of the M.E. church and are highly respected members of society. He is one of the influential men of the county and has manifested commendable zeal in public matters. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 594 Copyright 1902 WILIAM NEVILLE WILIAM NEVILLE. - To this industrious and intelligent stockman and agriculturist of Wallowa county we are constrained to grant representation in this volume of its annals, since he is one of the substantial citizens, has ever wrought with energy, faithfulness and sagacity, displaying meanwhile good ability and unswerving integrity and stanch personal qualities of worth and uprightness. William was born in Wapello county, Iowa, in 1854, being the son of Edward and Margaret (McGuire) Neville. The parents came to Oregon in an early day, bringing their son with them, and settled on a farm five miles south of Summerville, there giving attention to producing the fruit of the soil and developing the resources of the county as occasion afforded in their business. Our subject remained on the old farm until 1898, when he came to Wallowa county and settled on Diamond Prairie, acquiring title to one-half section of land on Bear creek, two miles southwest from Wallowa. He devotes most of his time to raising stock and has gained a good success in that enterprise. He manifests skill and a good understanding of the business that he is following while energy and untiring care of detail, together with an aggressive policy in the manipulation of his property, have placed Mr. Neville among the leading stock growers of the co9unty, and prosperity has been constantly in attendance upon him. Mr. Neville married Miss Effie Richards, a native of West Virginia, in 1891, and they have become the parents of the following children: Effie, Pearl, and Willva. Mr. Neville holds an enviable position in the esteem of his fellows and his uprightness and intrinsic worth have commanded the respect of all, and he is a valuable addition to the population of the county. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 594, 595 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM P. NEWBY WILLIAM P. NEWBY. - Enterprising and industrious in all his ways, the subject of this sketch is one of the men that have added materially to the wealth of Wallowa county, developing here, in an excellent manner, the resources with which the county abounds so fully, meanwhile manifesting that continuity of purpose and determination which brook no defeat and stop not at any obstacle, while his moral qualities of genuine worth and high order have shone without intermission, giving him the approbation, esteem, and confidence of all who may have the pleasure of his acquaintance. William Newby was born in Iowa on July 29, 1862, to Nathan and Mary (Ravenhill) Newby, natives of England. The parents were pioneers to Iowa, the father being instrumental in laying one of the first roads that coursed through that portion of the populous state. The parents now live at Tacoma, Washington. In 1880 they came to the Cove country in Union county and for three years made their home there, never investing, however, in real estate there. During those years, they were exploring the various portions of the country, gaining information relative to settling permanently. In 1883 our subject made up his mind that Wallowa county was the place to abide and accordingly came thither, and soon selected a homestead, where he lives at the present, two miles southwest from Joseph. His estate has increased from the original quarter section to four hundred acres. His estate is in every way well improved and skillfully and tastily handled and presents an appearance of thrift and wisdom equal to, if not in advance of, any farm in the county. In addition to producing fruits of the field, Mr. Newby gives much attention to handling and raising stock, having some fine herds. His buildings are comfortable and commodious and he displays a sagacity and untiring attention to his business that has won the smiles of fortune and he enjoys his due meed, excellent success and a generous income. On April 16, 1893, Mr. Newby married Miss Minnie Daugherty, a native of Oregon, and they have become the parents of two children, as follows: Bolds, born March 20, 1895: Grace, born February 28, 1898. Mr. Newby affiliates with the I.O.O.F., Silver Lake Lodge, No. 84. Among his fellows he is highly esteemed and is very popular and his unswerving integrity and genial nature have won him hosts of stanch friends from every walk of life and he stands to-day one of the prominent men of the county, respected because of his intelligence and good sound judgment, and admired because of his real moral worth. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 579, 580 Copyright 1902 PETER O'SULLIVAN PETER O'SULLIVAN. - We are pleased to accord to the esteemed gentleman of ability whose name heads this paragraph a representation in this volume of our county's history since he has been very prominent in the affairs of Wallowa county from its incipiency, and its councils have profited much from his keen foresight and excellent wisdom, while as a private citizen he has manifested capabilities that are praiseworthy and commensurate therewith are his unsullied moral qualities and upright principles which have ever been a polar star in guiding him in all his arduous and responsible service in the state as well as in other states heretofore. It is frequently that we are called to the famous little isle of Goldsmith and Emmet when we trace the birth of some of our most loyal and prominent citizens, and such is the case in this pleasant task now before us. Peter O'Sullivan was born in Ireland in 1845, and while yet an infant in swaddling clothes his parents brought him to Vermont, whence they removed to Attica, Indiana, and later to Missouri. In this latter state our subject received his education and remained with his parents until they passed away. At the early age of fourteen he engaged in farm work for himself and when the war broke out he joined Company K, Thirty-fourth Missouri Infantry. The company was composed of young associated of our subject, all being but boys. Later, on account of the incompleteness of the company, the authorities disbanded it and sent the parties home, who had learned somewhat of the realities of war and were content to await in the quieter duties of industrial life until another call came. Our subject went to clerking in a grocery store in Knobnoster, Missouri, and there he remained for some years, being later a member of the town council for four years and then mayor for three years. In September, 1880, he came to Alder slope and took a homestead two miles south from Enterprise. Here he gave his attention to farming and stockraising and added to his estate until it now numbers four hundred acres. Mr. O'Sullivan was appointed the first county judge by the governor, Pennoyer, of the state and his efforts were greatly to be prized in the manner in which he conducted the affairs of the office, thus establishing a sound precedent for time to come. In addition to this he was road supervisor when his district embraced three hundred miles of road, and here also his wisdom and excellent practical judgment were of inestimable benefit to the county. During all of the trying times of organizing the county the wisdom and vigor and judgment of Mr. O'Sullivan were frequently brought into requisition and were freely used for the benefit of the general public. It is of note that Mr. O'Sullivan says that when the time for deliberation on the subjects to be settled in connection with the organization and fixing the boundaries of the county he took his place in the hull of the old sail boat with as much feeling of responsibility and dignity as was felt when the forefathers of our country arranged in equally trying and primitive places the wonderful questions that gave our country birth and us a home of freedom. Verily, the spirit goes with the country, and the Pacific slope is as well favored with pioneers and patriots as was the Atlantic in years gone by. In 1868 Mr. O'Sullivan married Miss Mary O'Brien, a native of Ireland, and they have the following children: John: Peter: James, deceased: an infant, deceased: Katie and Mamie. Mrs. O'Sullivan's parents came to Missouri in an early day, but as old age drew on they longed for the home land and so returned thither to repose during the long sleep in the place of their birth. Mr. O'Sullivan has always taken an active part in the affairs of political life and he sustains the old Jeffersonian Democracy with a vigor and power that are not easy to overcome, and he is one of the strong men of the county, and in addition to this prominence he holds a place in the hearts of his fellows, while he is also the recipient of their confidence and unbounded esteem. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 598 Copyright 1902 Nicholas W. Ownbey NICHOLAS W. OWNBEY. - The esteemed gentleman whose name is at the head of this article is one of Wallowa's best and most substantial citizens, having gained a prestige here by his faithfulness and uprightness, while he has also wrought for the advancement of the interests of the county in all ways and at all times, demonstrating him to be one of the public minded and progressive men of the section, and it is with pleasure that we accord to him a representation in this volume since also his life has been a bright example in manifestation of moral qualities of worth. In Benton county, Oregon, on February 19, 1858, our subject first saw the light, being the son of William and Martha J. (Langston) Ownbey. The parents came across the plains to this state in the early days of 1849, utilizing ox teams for the purpose. The Indians were savage and fierce and one child of this worthy couple was killed by the redskins. They came on with sad hearts and settled in Benton county and wrought to build a home. There our subject was born and he received the education that was to be had from the schools of the place and was reared on a farm. In 1873 his parents came to Union county, settling near Cove, our subject accompanying them. Two years later they removed thence to the vicinity of Elgin. When our subject became of age he entered a homestead and was numbered with the prosperous farmers of that section until 888, when he sold his land there and removed to his present place, two miles southeast from Leap, which he purchased. it was one-half section at first but he has added one-quarter section more since. His farm is well improved, with comfortable house, good barn, substantial outbuildings, and fine orchard. On July 1, 1883, occurred the marriage of Mr. Ownbey and Mary S., daughter of Andrew and Priscilla (Harris) Knight, residents of the vicinity of Elgin. To Mr. and Mrs. Ownbey there have been born five children. ora B., Hattie F., Iva M., Clifford A. and Alta M. In political matters Mr. Ownbey is a Democrat and he takes the part of the intelligent citizen in these affairs as well as in educational matters, and the district has profited by his faithfulness and wisdom for twelve years, having kept him in the office of director all of that time. Mr. and Mrs. Ownbey are members of the church and are active in the promulgation of their faith, both by exemplary lives of Christian walk and in substantial support of the gospel, while also throughout the entire community they have the esteem and admiration of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 616, 617 LEWIS G. PAGE LEWIS G. PAGE. - Among those who have put their hands to the plow in Wallowa county and have not looked back from the noble work of development and material progress of the county, bearing the burdens and doing the herculean labor of making the abodes of civilization while they foster the industries that are incident thereto, we should not omit mention of the intelligent and progressive stockman and agriculturist, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, and accordingly we give place to him in the abiding chronicles of Wallowa county, granting such representation there as is commensurate with the skill, industry, and sagacity manifested by him in the days in which he has labored faithfully here, while also it is but just that mention should be made of his excellent moral qualities. Lewis G. was born in Mercer county, Missouri, on May 7, 1864, being the son of Reuben and Katie Page. The father was a miller and prominent in his portion of the state. At the early age of seventeen, our subject stepped from the parental roof and began duty on the field of action in life for himself. For three years he was engaged in the county in different employments and then accompanied his parents to Oregon, the year being 1884. The parents went to Umatilla county but later returned to the Grande Ronde valley where they reside at the present time. In the fall of 1891 our subject came into the Wallowa valley and took a piece of unsurveyed land, being one-half mile from his present home. Three years later he sold that property and then moved on his present place, taking it under the homestead right. He has done faithful labor in opening up the farm and making it one of productiveness and value. He has also devoted much attention to raising stock and is engaged in that business now in addition to farming. On November 5, 1891, Mr. Page married Jennie, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Martin) Rich, the wedding occurring in Enterprise. Mr. And Mrs. Page are valuable members of society and have wrought with assiduity and wisdom in the worthy undertakings of furthering the development of the county and the interests of all, and they are highly esteemed in the community where they live and in fact wherever they are known. Mrs. Page is a native of Flat Rock, Kentucky, and her parents are mentioned in this volume. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 583 Copyright 1902 Mary E. PERKINS Mary E. PERKINS. - We are pleased to add to the list of leading and prominent citizens of Wallowa county the name of the estimable lady whose life's career it is now our pleasant task to outline, since she is one who has labored for the advancement of the interests of the county and has wrought here with skill and industry for many years, and her thrift and good financiering have rendered her a generous possession of this world's goods and she is highly esteemed among all. Our subject was born in Indiana, being the daughter of William and Nancy (Anderson) Warnack, natives, respectively, of Ohio and Indiana, and when three years of age was taken by her parents to Kansas, remaining there until 1879. The father was drowned on June 24, 1869. In 1879 the mother and her children came to Wallowa county with teams, locating near Joseph, whence they removed to Crow creek. The mother died on August 14, 1884, and is buried in the Prairie creek cemetery. She had been a devout member of the Dunkard church. The paternal family consists of nine children, as follows: Thomas, living in California: David D., on Crow creek: Alexander, a large stockman on Snake river: Daniel, on Crow creek, also large stock owner: Celinda, wife of George Branscome, of Ogden, Utah: Mary E., now Mrs. Perkins, and the immediate subject of this sketch; Rubanna E., now Mrs. Veit, in Southern Oregon; William P., a heavy stock owner on the Imnaha; Robert N., a prominent stockman in Yaquina country, in Lincoln county, Oregon. On October 9, 1881, occurred the marriage of our subject and Luther Perkins, a native of Wisconsin, and to them have been born the following children; Cornelia N., Luther H., Mercie E. Mrs. Perkins owns a fine stock ranch of two hundred and forty acres near the Imnaha and is engaged in supervising it, doing general farming and handling stock. She is blessed with good success because of the skillful management of her affairs and the untiring care of detail, wherein she displays commendable wisdom and skill, and an unflagging industry that is sure to bring its reward. She is numbered with the leading and substantial property owners of the county and is esteemed and highly respected by all. It speaks much for the wise management, industry, keen foresight and excellent executive force of our subject when we note that she came to the county with but little money and now is well to do, as also all of the family are too, having good homes and large herds of horses and cattle. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 570, 571 Copyright 1902 WINSLOW P. POWERS WINSLOW P. POWERS. Deceased. - While it is the province of our volume to give mention of the leading citizens of Wallowa county, it also comes within the purview of the work to grant to such as the noble and esteemed citizen, whose name appears above, a memoir, and it is with especial delight that we are privileged to do so at this time, since he was one of the builders of the county, and one who held in becoming manner the position of leader for many years, being eminently fitted for that capacity, both by marked capabilities, great energy and force of character, untiring activity, devotion to his country, and stanch integrity, coupled with sound principles and a broad public view. The birth of Mr. Powers occurred in Woodstock, Vermont, on April 8, 1821, being the son of James and Anna (Phelps) Powers, who were also natives of the Green Mountain state. In 1826 the parents came to Illinois, settling on a farm, where the mother died in 1835. The father continued on the farm in Hancock county till 1854 and then while on a journey to the west, fell a hapless victim to the awful fiends who perpetrated the Mountain Meadow massacre in 1854. Our subject had come to the Willamette valley in 1847, and worked at the carpenter trade on some of the first buildings in Portland, continuing there until 1849, when he went to the gold fields in California, but returned to Oregon during the same year. He then bought a ranch near Albany, and gave his attention to general farming and raising stock until 1853, at which date he sold this ranch and migrated to Douglas county, availing himself of the offer of the government to take a donation claim, upon which he wrought faithfully until 1872, then removed to the home place, four miles north from Wallowa, where the widow resides at the present time. In 1854, in Douglas county, Mr. Powers and Miss Harriet, daughter of Hull and Sarah (Edison) Tower, were united in marriage and they became the parents of ten children: Viola, first white person married in Wallowa county: William: Mary: Anne, deceased: Frank: James: Hattie: Loren: Ida, deceased: Edward, deceased. Mrs. Powers was born in Coles county, Illinois, in 1837, her father being a native of Massachusetts and her mother of New York. Her father, a direct descendant of John Tower, who came to this land as one of the Pilgrims, came across the plains, bringing his family in 1853 and settled on a donation claim in Douglas county, there remaining until his death in 1878, and ten years later the mother died also. Mr. Tower was the first postmaster in Douglas county, and was also a minister of the gospel. The immediate subject of this sketch was a pioneer in spirit and in practice. Mr. Powers also gained distinction as an educator, and his talent is shown in that he invented one of the first threshing machines and separators, but hearing that another had been sent into the country, he retired from that field. He was always a leader into the domain of nature, having ever been the one to blaze the way and make the start for others to follow. He was among the first in Portland, he was a leader in the vicinity of Albany, he was one of the very first settlers in Douglas county, and when he came to Wallowa county his wife was the first white woman that settled in the territory now embraced in the county. He was prominent in the affairs of the county, assisted in organizing the first bank in Joseph, which was the first in the county, was interested in the first grist mill that was built at Enterprise, and also led in many other movements of great import and advantage to the county. He was a prominent member of the Methodist church and his life was an exemplification of the rich precepts of his faith, being always a light by his faithful walk. After a long life, extending beyond the allotted three-score years and ten, well spent and faithful, on October 21, 1895, the summons from another world came to Winslow P. Powers to join the ranks in glory, and his soul sped to the presence of his Savior, to dwell eternally in the city that hath foundations. His death was a signal for deep and sincere mourning throughout the county, for he was well known to its utmost corners, and his remains sleep quietly in Bramlet's cemetery, near the old home place, whence the crumbling dust shall quicken at the trump of God, the corruptible put on incorruption, and the endless years of eternity begin to roll for the saint, whose godly and faithful life left a sweet savor where he trod. Mrs. Powers is still living on the home place and is a woman of rich character in those graces which are the ripe fruitage of a long and faithful pilgrimage in the way of truth, and the golden years of her journey are now being spent in quietness and in enjoyment of the proceeds of her labor of her hands, for her works shall praise her in the gates. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 578, 579 Copyright 1902 MARY E. PROEBSTEL MARY E. PROEBSTEL. - Among those who have displayed ability to handle successfully a stock raising business and general farming stands prominently the lady whose name is at the head of this article, and it now becomes our pleasant privilege to outline her life's career wherein she has ever manifested both graciousness and capability, ever showing forth those priceless qualities of noble womanhood and faithfully performing the portion alloted to her hands during her pilgrimmage. Mrs. Mary E. Proebstel was born in 1835 in the state of Ohio, and remained in the place of her infancy but five years. Her parents then revmoed to Iowa, and upon the prairies of that progressive commonwealth she spent the days of her girlhood, receiving a good education from the public schools there existing, and ever manifesting the graces and wisdom so characteristic of her entire pilgrimage. In September, 1865, she came to the Grande Ronde valley, and there met and married Mr. Frederic W. Proebstel. To them were born the following children who are living: Dolly R., now wife of Thomas R. Rich; Ida, wife of James Estes; John: Minnie C.: and the oldest daughter, who died when they lived in Colorado. About 1870 they removed to Wallowa county, taking a homestead four miles east from Joseph. Here they settled down to general farming and stock raising, and success has attended their industrious efforts, and their real estate holdings have doubled, and in addition to that they have eighty acres of timber, while their herds and flocks have multiplied. It is pleasant to see the success attendant upon efforts of industry and untiring care that has been the lot of our subject to enjoy. Mrs. Proebstel is one of the highly esteemed ladies of the county, and her wise procedure and kindly character have made her beloved to all. Mrs. Probestel is the daughter of Joseph and Sarah Hull, who were old pioneers of the Grande Ronde valley and there died. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 544, 545 Copyright 1902 ORLANDO T. PROUT ORLANDO T. PROUT. - It is quite fitting that in a volume purporting to chronicle the lives of the leading citizens of Wallowa county, there should be mention of the esteemed gentleman, named in this article, and who has demonstrated his ability to do the work of the pioneer in a manner that is quite becoming that worthy class; for years also he has shown qualifications for bringing success to his hand in the ventures of agricultural life, displaying, meanwhile, those characteristics of moral worth and integrity that are priceless to the really true and noble man. Mr. Prout was born in Branch county, Michigan, July 12, 1854, being the son of Silas and Betsy (Prine) Prout, natives respectively of New York and Wales. The father was a contractor and builder in Michigan and was of note in his vicinity. During the Civil war he enlisted in the Fourth Michigan Cavalry and from exposure there received in service he perished, and his remains sleep in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The mother has since been laid to rest also. When sixteen years of age, our subject stepped upon the arena of life's battles to do duty individually, his first venture being to the lumber woods where he served five years. In 1875 he came west, stopped in time in Nebraska, then pushed on to Colorado, where five years were spent, and then he came direct to Wallowa county, and in the following year, 1863, he took his present place, two and one-half miles north and one-half mile west from Joseph. He has steadily given his attention to farming and stock raising, principally the latter, since his advent here, and as the result of his industry, enterprise, and wise manipulation of business affairs, he enjoys good prosperity and the abundance of this world's goods that makes life pleasurable. Mr. Prout married Miss Sarah, daughter of W.P. and Catherine (Lindford) Cole, and a native of Nebraska, on December 6, 1885, and the fruit of the union is the following children, Jasper A., Eva E., Roy A., Earl E., and Clarence O. Mr Prout is considered one of the substantial men of the county, has ever demonstrated that sagacity and prudence which, coupled with enterprise and skill, such as he possesses, are sure to place success in his hands. His uprightness and integrity and broad public sprit have made him admired and esteemed by all, and he ever shows that interest in the affairs of government and in the welfare of all that is commendable and praiseworthy. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 574, 575 Copyright 1902 GEORGE I. RATCLIFF GEORGE I. RATCLIFF. - Wallowa county had been signally favored in having within her borders a generous quota of sturdy pioneers, but she is fortunate in having also some of the most enterprising men of younger years that are in northeastern Oregon, who brought into the veins of commerce quickened blood and vigorous methods that have placed them in the front ranks and have made their respective lines very successful. Such a one is the subject of this sketch, and to his credit be it said of him that not alone in the commercial world has he been eminently successful but also in the profession of the educator he has gained signal honors and made a record for himself that compares favorably with any one in the state, and to such a gentleman we are pleased to allot space in this history, since also he has displayed an upright character and maintained an unsullied reputation in all of his activities. Mr. Ratcliff was born in Russiaville, Clinton county, Indiana, on March 18, 1872, being the son of Thomas A. and Elizabeth J. (Irby) Ratcliff. His early life was spent on the farm with his parents and when he was seven years old, the family removed to Cherokee county, Kansas, and in 1887 they came to LaGrande, Oregon. In the various places where they resided the son attended the common schools, and also gave much time in addition to the pursuit of knowledge, thus demonstrating both his precocity and his diligence. When they came to Enterprise, in 1888, he attended the academy. Upon examination at different times he won all the grades of certificates that are granted by the county and on March 2, 1899, he won the state diploma. As soon as age permitted he began the business of instruction and steadily he pursued his profession until he stood at the top and gained a reputation that was second to none of his associates. For six years he was one of the leading educators of this part of the state but in September, 1900, he departed from his first love and launched into the commercial world. In this field the same vigor and diligence have been manifested and he stands today the leading furniture dealer in the county. He has a fine stock of furniture, a good store building, and a comfortable residence, and does the leading business in his line in the county. His uniform uprightness in dealing and his deferential treatment of customers, together with skill in handing the articles needed, have built for him a trade that is large and lucrative, and which is constantly increasing. On December 16, 1896, Mr. Ratcliff married Miss Rachel E. daughter of Jackson and Phoebe Johnson of Wallowa, and two children have gladdened this union, Namely, Ivan J. and Leola. Mr. Ratcliff is a member of the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 153 of Enterprise. Mr. Ratcliff's parents lived in Enterprise until December, 1901, when they rented their farm and sold their town property and removed to Salem, this state, where they now reside. The father served in the Civil war, in the One Hundred and First Indiana Volunteers. He participated in the battle of Chickamauga, receiving there a wound and is carrying the bullet to this day. He was also with Sherman in his immortal march to the sea and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. He is now a member of the G.A.R. and is a also a Republican. He and his wife are active workers in the Christian church and display a life of faithfulness. Our subject and his estimable wife are valuable members of society and have the confidence and esteem of all who may have the pleasure of their acquaintance. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 546, 547 Copyright 1902 The William J. and Margaret Reece William Jasper Reece Jr.., youngest son of William J. (Sr..) and Hannah Reece, was born December 20, 1869 in Oran Township, Logan County, Illinois. He married Margaret Ann Cox (born December 5, 1870 in Madison Co.., Kentucky, daughter of Dillard and Mary (Cobb) Cox.) on December 20, 1891 in Atlanta, Illinois. They had twelve children: Alma Lois, Lacy D., Wilbur McKinley, Marjorie Della, Deward (Della's twin who died at birth), Floyd Keith, Harvey Emerson, William Homer, Howard (Homer's twin who died a few weeks after birth), Amos Miller, Mary Hannah, and Wayne Travette. W. J. and Margaret moved from Logan Co.., Illinois to Clearwater, Kansas, than to Grant Co.., Oklahoma. Times were difficult there so when W. J.'s niece and husband (a druggist) offered an empty house and ranch with one no living on it in Woodward County, William decided to move there. After farming in Woodward County for a period of time there were several droughts that burned up all of the crops and the family lost everything including 500 acres of corn. Some of Margaret Reece's family had come to Falls City, Oregon and had sent photographs showing how beautiful it was there. William then decided to sell what was left and go to Oregon. He borrowed money from his brothers to move the family to Oregon. The entire family traveled from Wakita, Oklahoma to Oregon by train for four days and three nights. They arrived in Salem, Oregon in the evening and went to a hotel. They left the next morning for Falls City. The Reece family moved to Enterprise in the spring of 1916 after school was out in May. The whole family lived in a tent that first summer (parents and ten children). W. J. and Wilbur work for Marion Langston on the Haas ranch on Alder Slope. Son Lacy went to work for John Fruitts on a farm south of Enterprise. The family then moved to the Beecher place on Alder Slope in the fall of 1917. William and Margaret's children are: 1) Alma Lois, born Sept 26, 1892 in Atlanta, Illinois, she married Earl Howard Bonner on Dec. 14, 1917 in Enterprise. They had two daughters, Wilma (Hoover) and Aletha (Ewing). Alma died Feb. 14, 1984 in Weiser, Idaho and is buried in Weiser, Idaho. 2) Lacy D, born Sept 5, 1894 in Clearwater, Kansas, he married Ruth Ann Eaton on Aug 26, 1917 in Enid, Oklahoma. They had nine children; Dean, Wilbur, William, Margaret (Fisher), Milly (Garland), Helen (Ingram), Mary Jo (Cantrell), Larry, and Wade. Lacy died Jan 22, 1975 in Milton-Freewater, Oregon. He is buried in Enterprise, Oregon. 3) Wilbur McKinley, born Sept 1, 1897 in Jefferson, Oklahoma, he married Rilla Frances Bonner on April 18, 1918 in Weiser, Idaho. They had two children; Alta (Daggett) and Howard "Dick" Reece. Wilbur died Jan 15, 1969 in Enterprise, Oregon and is buried in Joseph, Oregon. 4) Marjorie Della, born May 5, 1900 in Wakita, Oklahoma, she married Floyd Edward Laird. They had three children; Harold Laird, Alma (Alstott), and Leona (Huson). Marjorie second marriage was to Gust Frasola. She died March 24, 1975 in Umatilla, Oregon and is buried in Hermiston, Oregon. 5) Deward, twin of Marjorie, died at birth, May 5, 1900. 6) Floyd Keith, born March 1903 in Wakita, Oklahoma, he married Macel Emmons on March 29, 1923 in Enterprise. They had two sons; Melvin and Donald. He died July 7, 1972 in La Grande, Oregon and is buried in Enterprise, Oregon. 7) Harvey Emerson, born March 13, 1904 in Wakita, Oklahoma, he married Viola Reese. They had no children. Harvey died April 15, 1987 in Walla Walla, Washington and is buried in Enterprise, Oregon. 8) William Homer, born Aug 21, 1905 in Wakita, Oklahoma, he married Delpha Bernice Makin on March 10, 1935 in Enterprise, Oregon. They had one daughter, Marylin. Homer died May 26, 1936 in Portland, Oregon and is buried in Enterprise, Oregon. 9) Howard, twin of Homer, died a few weeks after birth. 10) Amos Miller "Slim", born Feb 21, 1907 in Wakita, Oklahoma, he married Viola Phillips on June 2, 1931 in Cove, Oregon. They had two sons, Gene and Gary. Amos died April 11, 1989 in Union Gap, Washington and is buried in Sunnyside, Washington. 11) Mary Hannah, born March 24, 1909 in Wakita, Oklahoma, she married Charles Willard Phillips on Nov 27, 1930 in Enterprise, Oregon. They had one son, Keith Phillips. 12) Wayne Travette, born Jan 29, 1914 in Falls City, Oregon, he married Irene Marie Emmons on Dec 4, 1943 in Enterprise, Oregon. They had no children. Wayne died July 3, 1985 in Enterprise, Oregon and is buried in Enterprise, Oregon. This biography donated by Michelle Drayton-Fisher EDWARD RENFROW EDWARD RENFROW. - As one of the most capable and intelligent agriculturists and stockmen of Wallowa county must be mentioned the subject of this sketch, whose pluck, perseverance and capable qualities have been demonstrated have been demonstrated in the career where he has wrought with faithfulness and assiduity to develop the resources of Wallowa county and make it the abode of civilization, while also he has demeaned himself in a most becoming manner, manifesting integrity and sound principles, allying himself with that which is right and laboring for the welfare of his fellows constantly. It is with pleasure that we grant him a representation in the annals of his county as a sturdy pioneer, loyal and patriotic, an upright and true man, capable and worthy. Edward Renfrow is the son of Henry and Mary A. (Juday) Renfrow, being born on September 1, 1863, in Elkhart county, Indiana. When he was two years of age his father was called hence by the messenger of death, and from that time until he reached the age of maturity, he lived with his mother on the farm, gaining, meanwhile, a good education from the common schools and developing those qualities of faithfulness and stability that have marked his subsequent career. At the age of eighteen he came to the west, as far as Harlan, Shelby county, Iowa, whence soon after he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and thence to the Yellowstone valley. In the fall of 1882 he came out on horseback, the entire distance from Gallatin valley to Baker City, Oregon, wintering in that city. The following spring he went to Harney valley, whence in the fall of 1883 he came to Mud flat, in Wallowa county. This was before Wallowa county had a separate political existence, and in January, 1884, our subject having heard that the climate upon Lost Prairie was warmer, the soil richer than other portions of the county, he came hence the entire distance upon snow shoes. Upon leaving Mud flat the snow was five feet deep, but when he arrived at Lost Prairie there was but little snow. Upon investigation he ascertained everything pertaining to the prairie was of the kind to suit him, consequently he returned to Mud flat, loaded his belongings upon bobsleds and traveled seven days to make the journey from Mud flat to Lost Prairie, the distance between twenty-five miles and the snow exceedingly deep. On February 4, 1884, he entered a homestead at his present place, which is eight miles northwest of Flora and two and one-half miles west of Arko, being the first settler in this part of the county. He immediately set to work to improve his homestead, from that time forward. His property consists of the home place of four hundred and eighty acres, which is well improved with an elegant residence, commodious barns and substantial outbuildings, a good orchard: also, a stock ranch about eight miles up the Grande Ronde river, together with a large bunch of stock. The marriage of Mr. Renfrow and Miss Mary A., a native of Oregon and a daughter of Jackson and Marinda J. (Richardson) Wright, of Cove, Oregon, was celebrated on June 4, 1886, and to them have been born the following children: Earl J., Earnest R., Clara A., Willis D., Homer E., Elmer J., Franklin D. and Edna M. Mr Renfrow produces upon his farm the cereals and all vegetables, while his orchard is composed of peach, pear, apple, cherry, prune and plum trees, together with the smaller fruits and he is one of the most progressive, enterprising and intelligent and substantial agriculturists of this section of the county. In all the labors of organizing the district and bringing the attendants of civilization to this section Mr. Renfrow has manifested a marked stability and sagacity, coupled with which may be mentioned his unswerving integrity and intrinsic moral worth, which have ever commended him to the good will, fellowship and confidence of his fellows which he enjoys in a generous measure, and which is merited because of his excellent demeanor. He is a member of the M.W.A. at Flora. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 540, 541 Copyright 1902 LEWIS C. RINEHART LEWIS C. RINEHART. - It is a pleasant task to scan the career of a successful man and to note the places where he has overcome the obstacles of life's pathway and where he has made worthy achievements: and for a short time it is our good pleasure to thus contemplate the salient points of the life of the worthy gentleman, whose name initiates this article and who has been and is now one of the substantial and capable men of Wallowa county, having wrought for the development and advancement of the same in a manner that demonstrates both his ability and his integrity, while in the prosecution of his own private business enterprises he has been eminently successful, gaining a generous portion of the goods of this world, having accomplished it all by dint of hard labor and sagacity in skillful management. On September 10, 1853, in Eugene, Lane county, Oregon, our subject was born to John and Sarah E. (Edwards) Rinehart. The parents had come thither from Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1852, being sturdy pioneers of the Willamette valley. Our subject remained with his parents on the farm until 1869, when they removed near Arlington, in the John Day country, and in 1872, they all came thence to the Grande Ronde valley, settling near Summerville. In these various places Lewis C. gained his education and learned to fight the battles of life. In 1873 he went to Silver City, Idaho, working there with stock for three years. Then he went to Nevada and Arizona, and then in 1880 returned to the Grande Ronde valley. Three years subsequent to that time, he came to the Wallowa country and located on his present place, which lies two miles west from Leap. Here he took a homestead and since has added much more, giving him now a generous farm of one-half section. His homestead is well improved, having good residence, large barn, and all necessary out buildings, together with fences and farm implements. In addition to this, Mr. Rinehart has a nice band of stock, consisting mostly of cattle and horses. When he came here, he possessed one cow, one span of horses, and four colts, and his record from that time until the present presents a striking example of what industry and good management can accomplish, for now he is numbered with the most prosperous farmers and stockmen of the entire county. On March 17, 1880, Mr. Rinehart married Miss Ella a native of Texas, and daughter of William N. and Elizabeth (Irwin) Hayden, who live near Prescott, Arizona. No children have been born to this worthy couple, but they have adopted one daughter, Sedalia (Rucker) Rinehart. They also reared an adopted boy, Jesse Weatherly, now deceased, who had the sad misfortune to shoot himself by an accidental discharge of a firearm, when he was seventeen years of age. Mrs. Rinehart's father died on July 3, 1897, and the mother is living at present with her and another daughter, Mrs. Fleet. Mr. Rinehart is a member of the I.O.O.F, Lostine Lodge, No. 155, and here, as everywhere, he is held in high esteem among his fellows. Mr. Rinehart's paternal grandmother is still living at the Cove, in Union county, aged ninety-five years. His father died on January 15, 1890, at Summerville, and the mother died in 1885. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 641, 642 Copyright 1902 (In the above biography it is stated that Sedalia was adopted by the Rineharts. It is recorded in the Wallowa County Couthouse that they were given GAURDIANSHIP of Sedalia Rucker. She relocated to Yamhill County, Oregon with the Rhineharts. Where she married William Burton Dexter. This is where my mother Violet Laurene Dexter Hill was born. ) If you would like more information on this family please contact Carla V. Leighton Sedalia's Grandaughter. SAMUEL ROBERTS SAMUEL ROBERTS. - Among the leading agriculturists of Wallowa county is the subject of this biography, and we are pleased to accord him space in his county's history, since his capabilities and thrift have given him the need of abundant success, while his moral qualities of worth are displayed constantly and commend him to all lovers of uprightness and truth. In Bates county, Missouri, on March 9, 1844. Samuel was born to Nelson and Jane (Melton) Roberts. His early life was spent in the invigorating exercise of farm work, while also he gained a good education in the public schools of the various vicinities where he lived. In 1853 he accompanied his parents across the plains to the Pacific coast. The trip was made with ox teams and consumed six months, but despite the danger of hostile Indians, other dangers of primitive traveling and numerous hardships it was completed without serious injury to any of the family. They settled in Washington county, Oregon, where our subject was a member of the household circle until 1865, then he sought the newer fields of the Grande Ronde valley, where he selected government land and set to the task of building a home. At that early day few settlers were within the valley, and many hardships and deprivations incident to pioneer life were the lot of our subject, but bravely and faithfully he held steadily on his way and gained the distinction of being one of the builders of Union county. In 1887 he again sought to the frontier, coming to Wallowa county, where he settled on his present place, which is two miles south of Leap. He purchased a quarter-section of raw land and soon had it well improved and producing abundant crops. He has a good and comfortable house, commodious barn and all other accessories to a first-class farm, while his land produces all the fruits, grains and vegetables that pertain to this latitude. Mr. Roberts married Miss Merica Prow, a native of Missouri, on January 10, 1865, and they have become the parents of eight children, as follows: William, married to Ina Bay and living near Paradise: John, married to Etta Hearing, near Leap: Frank: Eva M., wife of A. Parker, of LaGrande: Susey, wife of Hiram Meek, near Leap: Lilly, wife of frank Cook, near Lostine: Dora: Hattie, deceased. Mr. Roberts affiliates with the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 195, of Lostine. Mrs. Roberts is a member of the Presbyterian church and they are the recipients of the respect and esteem of their fellows, while they have ever demeaned themselves with wisdom and uprightness and display of sound principles. Mr. Roberts mother died on February 14, 1902, aged one hundred and nine years, doubtless the oldest person of her section. The father had been dead for twenty-five years. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 553, 554 Copyright 1902 RALEIGH E. ROCHESTER RALEIGH E. ROCHESTER. - The subject of this sketch is a native of the occident, and beneath its stars he has labored and gained the success that is now his to enjoy, while he is now one of the prosperous and substantial agriculturists and stockmen of Wallowa county, and has made for himself a name and place in the midst of the progressive and intelligent population of our county. Raleigh E. was born in the Willamette valley, at Salem, on July 11, 1955, being the so of James and Deliah L.E. (Warren) Rochester. Of his boyhood days, but little is noted, but we are informed that he owned a good farm at the age of twenty, which in itself speaks highly of the qualities that could handle and accumulate this amount as such an early age. For three years after this time he was occupied in tilling this farm and then he sold it and spent three years in traveling, visiting various places of interest and instruction. It was in 1879 that he came to Umatilla county and engaged for a salary, continuing there for one year, then paid a visit to Wallowa county in1880, remaining here for two years and then went to Spokane, Washington, where he wrought for four years more. And then in 1893 he again came to this county and this time purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres from his stepfather, Rufus Bridges. He is at the present time living with his parents and occupied in raising stock and farming. He is one of the successful and prosperous farmers of the county, and is respected by all. Mr. Rochester's place is four miles northeast from Wallowa and he handles it in a skillful manner. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 654, 655 Copyright 1902 JOHN ROOT JOHN ROOT. - A venerable citizen of Wallowa county is named at the head of this article, and we are pleased to grant to him a representation in the annals of his county: since here he has manifested commendable real and ability in forwarding its interests and in assisting to build it up in all lines, while also in other places he has displayed equally excellent activities; and also because when the time of trouble was upon the nation, he immediately responded to the call of patriotism to handle the musket in defense of the flag that had been insulted and was in danger of being hauled down from the standard of freedom, and right nobly did he do military service, displaying a bravery and courage and faithfulness that mark him as the good soldier and noble patriot. Mr. Root was born in Hocking county, Ohio, near Logan, on March 15, 1837, being the son of John and Catherine (Steele) Root. His early life was spent on the farm with his parents, and in acquiring a good education from the common schools of his vicinity. On October 15, 1861, when the conflict was demonstrated to be real, he enlisted in Company H, Fifty-eight Ohio Infantry, where he was soon promoted to fourth corporal. In this capacity he participated in the battle of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Haines Landing, besides numerous skirmishes. After one year in this relation he was transferred, on account of poor health, into the Fifth Veteran Reserve Corps, and three years were spent in this service and then he was honorably discharged, leaving a record both bright and faithful. Mr. Root is now a member of the G.A.R., John Randall Post, of Enterprise. He also affiliates with the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 153, in Enterprise. Mr. Root married in Hocking county, Ohio, and five children were born to the union, only one of whom is now living, his name being Isaac. Mrs. Root was a devoted Christian and a faithful member of the Methodist church and was called to the reward awaiting her in another world. From Ohio, our subject removed to Shelby county, Illinois, and nine years later went thence to Harper county, Kansas, spending four years in that place. Then in 1883 he came overland with teams to Wallowa county, and engaged here in farming until 1900, then sold his farm property and removed to Enterprise, where he resides at the present time, having a comfortable home there. A second time Mr. Root was married. Mrs. Fannie Hall of Pullman, Washington, becoming his wife at this time. Mr. Root has always taken an active part in the political affairs of the section where he has resided and displays commendable zeal in advancing the cause of education in Wallowa county, being an ardent and intelligent advocate of good schools and thorough training. He is always alert in the interests of the county and has done much in counsel and support of good measures. Mr. And Mrs. Root are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and are active workers in this relation, displaying also lives of faithfulness and untarnished reputation quite commensurate with their faith. History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 547, 548 Copyright 1902 BENJAMIN M. ROUNSAVELL BENJAMIN M. ROUNSAVELL. - One of the enterprising and progressive business men of Wallowa county is named at the head of this article and to his efforts much is due in the way of progress and in promoting the advancement of the county's interest, while he is numbered with the most capable and up-to-date merchants of the county, manifesting both breadth of mind in his business ventures, while he is also blessed with a care of details that is untiring and that insures him success in his undertakings, being also a man of exemplary, moral uprightness and stability. On February 27, 1887, Mr. Rounsavell married Miss Ethel M., daughter of Alexander A. and Satira A. (McDowell) Osborn, residents of Yakima, Washington. Our subject if fraternally associated with the I.O.O.F., Wallowa Lodge, No. 154, being noble grand of the order, also with the A.F. & A.M., Stanley Lodge, No. 113, being a Master Mason, while he and his wife are members of the Eastern Star. They also belong to the Baptist church and are active supporters of their denomination. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 621, 622 Copyright 1902 E. T. SCHLUER E. T. SCHLUER. - A large number of the most progressive, thrifty and intelligent citizens of our country have come hither from the empire of Germany, and the sturdy Teuton and untiring Saxon have done much to assist in placing the Union on its stable foundation of the present. Among this worthy number mention must be made of the estimable gentleman whose name is at the head of this article, and who has wrought in the interests of advancement and substantial progress and development for many years in the western country and for a score and more in Wallowa county, displaying a manliness, energy, integrity and capabilities that are instrumental in making him, as he is to-day, one of the leaders in the county, both in influence and possession of property and in wisdom. As stated above, the subject of this sketch was born in Germany, the year of his nativity being 1860, and his parents John and Catherine (Weilbuldt) Schluer. After a faithful pilgrimage along life's way, they rested from their labors, and their remains repose near Steinau, in the Fatherland. Our subject was trained in the public schools of his native land and there also was laid the foundation of thrift and industry, that have characterized him in his course since that time. In 1875 he bade farewell to childhood's familiar haunts, took leave from home, associates and loved ones and firmly set his face toward the land of the free. He landed first in California and in various portions of that and adjacent states he traveled and labored for seven years, and then made his way to Wallowa county. Here he selected a good portion and settled down, giving his undivided attention to general farming and stock raising. When a man of the character of Mr. Schluer turns his mind to any one industry it may be decided that success will follow his endeavors, for he is possessed of good judgment, vigor, ability and keen foresight. Success did attend upon his efforts, and he had the gratification to see his holdings increase rapidly and continuously until at the present time he is one of the heaviest stock owners of the entire county, and indeed of northeastern Oregon. He has done much to stimulate the stock industry of the county, handles good stock, does everything in a commendable manner and is progressive in his views and dominated by a broad public spirit. Fratternally Mr Schluer is identified with the O.O.U.W., and is popular among his associates and fellows. Mr. Schluer has not seen fit to attempt the navigation of the matrimonial sea, but is content with the quieter joys of the celibatarian. He is one of the highly esteemed citizens of Wallowa county ,characterized by moral qualities of worth and unswerving integrity, which commend him to the admiration of all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 552, 553 Copyright 1902 FRANK SHEPHARD FRANK SHEPHARD. - One of the men who have wrought this western country for the development of the same, and because of his good achievements and the faithfulness displayed in the work that he has done, as well as the uprightness and morality shown in his personal demeanor, is the subject of this sketch, who is entitled to representation in this volume that purports to give the history of Wallowa county, and also the careers of the leading men of the same. Frank was born in Kane county, Illinois on August 14, 1850, being the son of Donald M. and Priscilla L. (Williams) Shepard. In 1854 the family crossed the plains, coming hither in a train composed of thirty-five wagons. The trip was attended with danger from the savages, who took fourteen oxen, at one time and sixty at another. In due time they reached Independence, Polk county, where the father took land and remained until the time of his death, March, 1870 (?). The mother is still living near Keating, Baker county. Our subject was educated in Polk county, and remained with his parents until the father's death. On June 8, 1870, Mr. Shepard married Miss Sarah F., daughter of Henry B. and Charlotte S. (Pearson) White, who immigrated to Marion county from Missouri in 1851 with ox teams and lived there until 1864, then removed to Yam Hill county and remained there until the time of their death in 1896. Mrs. Shephard was born on April 5, 1855, in Marion county, Oregon. In 1870, just subsequent to their marriage, our subject and his wife removed to Umatilla county. In a few years they removed to Yam Hill county. From there they removed to Wingville, Baker county. From there they removed to Yam Hill county again and in 1864 came to Elgin, Union county. It was in 1899 that they came to their present place seven miles north from Lostine. Mr. Shephard took a homestead, which is well watered and is now in good cultivation, and supplied with residence, barn, outbuildings, and so forth. Mr. Shepard also handles some stock, cattle and horses. To Mr. And Mrs. Shephard there have been born the following children: Malissa A., (deceased): Henry, deceased: Aimanza, deceased: Rufus J.: Amy C., wife of Elbert Garrett, near Elgin: Pearl, married to Lillie B. Minor: Iva P., deceased: Orlena F. Mr. Shephard is a member of the Modern Woodsmen of America, of Wallowa. He has taken an active interest in the political affairs of the county and has labored assiduously for the cause of education, being at the present time director of the district. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 619 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM SHEROD WILLIAM SHEROD. - The subject of this sketch is one of the well known business men of Wallowa county and conducts a mercantile establishment in Wallowa, being one of the substantial, capable and wide awake men of the business world, and is actuated by a broad public spirit which leads him to labor assiduously for the welfare of his county, as well as prosecute his business with enterprise and characteristic skill and ability, while his amiability and sound principles have won for him the esteem and confidence of all who may have the pleasure of his acquaintance. William was born in Tennessee, the eastern part of that state, on February 28, 1849, being the son of George and Mary (Hammond) Sherod, natives of the same state, and numbered with the agricultural population. In the year of his birth our subject lost his father by death and he was reared by the hands of his mother alone. In 1859 the family migrated from the old home state to Kansas, and when William reached the age of fourteen years he entered upon the realities of life for himself. He herded cattle for two years and worked at other enterprises until he had reached his majority and then he took land under a government right and settled down to farming in Butler county, Kansas. This life continued until 1881, when he came west to Oregon, purchasing a quarter section two miles south from Wallowa. In 1886 he took up sheep raising and did well at this industry until the panic of 1892 tightened all resources and for the next few years it seemed a desperate case to simply hold even, with the odds toward going down, but pluck and perseverance won the day and in 1896 light came and sheep raising became a paying industry again. In 1898 he sold his entire interests in sheep and retired from the activities of the farm, renting his valuable ranch of one section and repaired to Wallowa and opened a first-class general mercantile establishment. He owns a fine residence in the town and has by his ability, uniform treatment of patrons with affability and consideration, and wise selection of stock, gained a flattering patronage, while he takes rank with the best merchants of the entire county. On December 23, 1880, at Joseph, Oregon, occurred the marriage of Mr. Sherod and Miss Jennie, daughter of David and Elizabeth (Kessler) Eads, all natives of Missouri, and the parents migrating hither in 1883. To this happy union there have been born two children, Glen, and Hazel, deceased. Two other children, Tony and Earl, were born to a previous marriage. Mr. Sherod is a member of the I.O.O.F., Lodge No. 154, while he and estimable are communicants of the Christian church, being faithful in exemplification of the virtues and graces of their faith in all their walk. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 622, 623 Copyright 1902 JOSEPH H. SMALLWOOD JOSEPH H. SMALLWOOD. - The agricultural population of Wallowa county is well known for its energy and enterprise and among this worthy number may be mentioned the esteemed gentleman whose name appears above, and to whom it is our pleasant privilege to grant space in this volume for an epitome of his life's career, since his efforts in the development of the county and in conducting his business enterprises have stamped him a man of ability and his demeanor in the realm of ethics is such that his exceptionally excellent moral qualities are manifest to all in a manner quite commendatory to himself. In Morgan county, Kentucky, on July 4, 1853, the subject of this sketch was introduced to this world, being the son of William B. and Nancy M. (Mumsey) Smallwood, natives , respectively of Maryland and Virginia, and living at the time of the event recorded above, four miles north from Hazel Green. The father was a contractor and builder in Kentucky for eighteen years. Later he removed to Johnson county, Kansas, where he died in 1881. In that place also the mother crossed the river of death in 1871. Our subject was educated in his native place and in Kansas and soon after the death of his mother stepped from the parental home and commenced the battle of life for himself. He first farmed in Kansas for a time and then, in 1880, set out on the journey that brought Wallowa another substantial citizen of worth. He selected his present farm, four miles northeast from Joseph and placed a homestead right upon it. He set to the work of transforming the wild sod to a fertile and well kept farm and admirably he has succeeded, for his estate, which is now two hundred and forty acres, is one of the excellent farms of the county and skillfully tilled, and well improved with necessary buildings and machinery. In addition to the work of farming, he is occupied with raising stock and has good success in this line. On December 1, 1878, in Westport, Missouri, the marriage of Mr. Smallwood and Miss Isabel, daughter of William and Susa A. Bartholfe, was celebrated, and to them have been born the following children: Letha: Claude, died at the age of four years, on June 1, 1886: Monta: C. Ernest, and Nora. Mrs. Smallwood was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on February 23, 1860. Her parents were natives of Iowa, but pioneers to Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Smallwood are members of the Christian church and have wrought faithfully during their stay in the county for the advancement of their faith as well as for the development of the county and have sustained an untarnished reputation, while the esteem and confidence of all is theirs to enjoy in generous measure. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 639, 640 Copyright 1902 ANDERSON C. SMITH ANDERSON C. SMITH. - As a leader in the affairs of the counties of northeastern Oregon, both in times of difficulty with the Indians and also in the quieter times of civil industry, while also he has been a promoter of good government and of substantial progress in the county, the subject of this sketch stands to-day as one of the prominent and respected citizens of Wallowa county, having manifested both integrity and sound principles and marked capabilities in all of his career here. In addition to this, Mr. Smith has taken a leading part in the Indian councils that were far reaching to the entire northwest, while in his younger days he was one of the first that stepped to the standard, that had been insulted by the minions of treason, and in its defense he did valiant and intrepid service for his county. In Franklin county, Illinois, Mr. Smith was born in 1831, being the son of Benjamin F. and Sarah C. (Drummond) Smith. The parents lived in that county until the time of their departure from the scenes of earth and their remains lie buried there to-day. The first venture of our subject when he had arrived to the years of maturity, was to rent land, and the proceeds of this were used in attending the academy in Benton and then afterwards he also continued in attendance, working for his support. In the fall of 1851 he went to northern Illinois, and a few months later travelled to St. Joseph, Missouri, remaining there until the following spring, when he took up the journey across the plains with ox teams to California. In September, 1852, he arrived in Marysville and there and on the Yuba river he mined for a few months and then ascended to the source of that river and there and at Monte Cristo he continued in mining until 1855, when he returned by the way of the isthmus to Illinois, visiting his old home. The following spring he migrated to Kansas, took up land, and resided near Iola until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in the cause of his country as first lieutenant of Company D, Ninth Kansas Cavalry. Here he did good service until May 20, 1862, when he resigned his commission on account of the ill health of his wife, and started overland with her to the Grande Ronde valley, where they arrived in good time, September 28, 1862. He was the first settler in the section of Union county known as the Cove. Until 1875 he remained there and during this time in addition to his farming, he did considerable practice in the justice courts of the county, spending his spare time in the ardent study of the principles and books of law. In 1875 he sold out and went to Wallowa county and there built a toll bridge over the Wallowa river, being assisted by M.B. Reese, in both the construction of the bridge, which was half in Union and half in Wallowa counties, and the building of the Smith toll road. Here Mr. Smith remained for one year until the Joseph war broke out, when he removed his family to the Grande Ronde valley and raised a company of scouts, who did excellent service in both this and the Bannock war. He was very useful in these times to the government, being a fine interpreter, and always used his services for the pacification of the savages, and much credit is due him for protection of the early settlers and in averting more bloodshed. After 1878 he sold his road and moved to the Wallowa valley, settling on Alder slope, where he acquired title to three hundred and twenty acres of land, and engaged in stock raising, handling horses principally. During these years he continued the study of law as occasion provided and in 1888 he was admitted to practice in the courts of the states. In political matters he has ever been prominent, having served as chairman of the Democratic county committee and member of the state central committee. Mr. Smith is a member of the Masons, Lodge No. 82, in Enterprise. In 1856 Mr. Smith married Miss Sarah A., daughter of Benjamin and Rebecca (Dudley) Whittington, a native of Franklin county, Illinois. To them have been born the following children: Mary, Rosa, Laura, Emma, Jane, Fred, Anna, Edward, Viola and Walter, all living, and all with the exception of the oldest one were born in Union and Wallowa counties. Mr. And Mrs. Smith are highly respected members of society and are esteemed by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 577, 578 Copyright 1902 JOHN C. STANDLEY JOHN C. STANDLEY. - A veteran in frontier life and a pioneer of the Pacific coast, having wrought in various places and in the capacities that are familiar to every one who attempts to push into the wilds of nature, the subject of this sketch has made a record that is praiseworthy and he has been crowned with success. Mr. Standley has manifested the characteristics of his personality, vigor, good judgment and keen foresight, coupled with enterprise and thrift, which have made him one of the leading stockmen and a large property owner in Wallowa county. John C. Standley was born in Howard county, Missouri, on March 19, 1829, being the son of Jeremiah and Mary (Wilson) Standley, natives respectively of Tennessee and Kentucky. The father was a farmer in Howard and Scotland counties, in Missouri, and there the subject of our sketch received his education and remained until he had arrived at manood's estate. It was in 1853 that John C. left the parental roof and undertook the arduous and weary journey to California, which in due time was completed, and the vigorous young man was soon delving for the hidden treasures of nature's storehouse. This continued until 1861, when he came to Canyon City and took the position of salesman in a general merchandise store, continuing in the same for two years. Following this periodhe explored the adjacent country, and in 1865 landed in the Grande Ronde valley. In connection with his brothers, James H. and F.M., he acquired through homestead rights from the state and from the school lands twelve hundred acres of good land, and upon this fine estate the three brothers commenced farming and raising stock, being prospered in their endeavors. In 1880 John C. sold his interests to his brothers and came to the territory that is now embraced in Wallowa county and purchased a right on unsurveyed land one mile east from the present town of Wallowa. He took a homestead and pre-emption and later a timber-culture claim, thus giving him title to four hundred and eighty acres of land. He does considerable general farming, but his heaviest ventures are in the line of raising stock, and in this industry he has been eminently successful, owing to his untiring care for the affairs of business and wise management of his herds. In the political realm Mr. Standley is active and pays much attention to the matters of government. During the years 1184-85 he was in the important office of county commissioner and it is much to his credit, as he has never sought political preferment of any kind, being called to this position by the requests of his many friends. Mr. Standley's brothers are still living on the old home place, which is five miles north from Island City in Union county. There is no more substantial, capable and upright citizen of the county to-day than he of whom we speak, and it is with pleasure that we accord to him this representation in the volume of his county's history, where he has wrought with such skill and faithfulness, winning the confidence and commanding the respect of all who may have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Standley is prominently affiliated in fraternal relations and especially so in the A.F. & A.M. He was made a Mason in Canyon City, Oregon, in 1863, and became a Master Mason there in 1865. He came to the Grande Ronde and helped to organize the first lodge of this order in Lagrande, also organized the first lodge in Summerville and was there chosen the first master. When he came to Wallowa county he organized the first lodge, it being Wallowa Lodge, in Enterprise, and was again chosen first master. In 1895 he organized and established and was first master under dispensation of the lodge in Wallowa, which was named in his honor, being known as Standley Lodge. No. 113. In 1879 Mr. Standley was made a Royal Arch Mason in the chapter in Lagrande. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 562, 563 Copyright 1902 JAMES J. STANLEY JAMES J. STANLEY. - A pioneer of this country before Wallowa county had a separate political existence, entrusted frequently with the duties and responsibilities of public office by his fellows, a prominent figure in the county to-day, and one who has assisted materially in upbuilding the same and in its substantial advancement, the subject of this sketch is deserving of especial mention, since also he is one of those brave and self-sacrificing men who left home and loved ones for the field of bloodshed and carnage of war, when the flag of freedom was attacked by the minions of treason, and there he continued to do intrepid and faithful service in deeds of valor until the last gun was fired and the last attack repulsed, never more to rise in the face of the onward movement of enlightenment and civilization and good government. James J. was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1840, being the son of James and Susannah (Miller) Stanley, navies respectively of Pennsylvania and Virginia, who settled in Ohio while it was under the domination of the savages and the father had Indian children as playmates when he was a child. His mother, the grandmother of our subject, carried her son to Ohio on horseback as early as 1802, and this worthy lady was one who had endured great hardships during the time of the Revolution, being reduced to the verge of starvation, so that the family were obliged to eat portions of their shoes for sustenance. Such was the spirit of determination that gave to us our priceless institutions of liberty. The parents of our subject removed from Ohio to Mahaska county, Iowa, and there followed farming: while in that state and his native place, James J. received a good education and when he was twenty-one years of age he showed the same blood that had made his ancestors famous, by enlisting in Company H., Twentieth Ohio, Infantry, where he did faithful service for three years, nine months and ten days, being mustered out at the close of the war as corporal. He at once took up teaching school in Iowa and after a time went to Colorado, whence one year later he returned to Ohio, and there occurred the marriage of Mr. Stanley and Miss Mary, daughter of Moses L., and Susan (Brickley) Strock. Soon after this happy event, they went to Iowa, whence one year later they went to Colorado, 1869 being the year in which they landed in that territory. Mr. Stanley had not only acquired a good education in his youthful days, but also he had learned the carpenter trade and after mining in Boulder county for a time he went to work at his trade and fro twelve years he lived in that county. During this period, his wife was assistant postmistress for a time at Lefthand. After the expiration of the time mentioned he removed with his family to Joseph, in what is now Wallowa county, and immediately commenced operations at his trade. During the time he resided here before the county was organized, he was justice of the peace from 1886-8 and in 1897 he was mayor of the town of Joseph. Mrs. Stanley's parents settled in Ohio, Trumbull county, the father being a native of Pennsylvania and the mother of Ohio, and there the father was engaged in the mercantile business for a time and then he took up farming, which he followed until the time of his death. To our subject and his wife there have been born two children, Flora A., and Charles N. Mr. Stanley is one of the esteemed citizens of the county, being substantial, upright and capable, a supporter of good government and a champion of education for the people. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 598, 599 Copyright 1902 ROBERT F. STUBBLEFIELD ROBERT F. STUBBLEFIELD. - In many of the walks of life are those in Wallowa county who have labored faithfully for the opening of the country and the subduing of nature's wilds, but there are none who have met face to face the hardships of the pioneer, and done battle with the opposing forces of the obstacles of the frontiersman, more than those who follow the agriculturist's life; and well known in this class is the esteemed gentleman of whom we have now the pleasure to write, in giving the salient points of his career ,while it would be quite out of place to omit mention of his integrity and faithful qualities of uprightness and enterprise with which he is so richly endowed. Mr. Stubblefield was born in Missouri in 1855, being the son of Thomas and Martha (Kennedy) Stubblefield, natives, respectively, of Missouri and Tennessee. The mother died while the family remained in Missouri and then the father came in 1878 to Union county, settling on Cricket flat and taking a homestead. Here he gave his attention to opening a farm and building a home until just previous to his death, which occurred a short time since in Lagrande. At the age of nineteen our subject commenced battle for himself on the plane of life's activities and his first venture was to operate in the lead mines of Missouri, continuing for one year in this work. Afterward he went to Cedar county in the same state and took up farming for two years, and then he made the trip across the continent to the Grande Ronde valley and settled on Cricket flat in Union county in 1877, taking a pre-emption claim. Two years after this settlement he migrated to Wallowa county, remaining at the Wallowa bridge for one year, then repaired to Enterprise, bought a claim and sold considerable land and at the present time he has one-quarter section improved, and he is one of the energetic and well to do farmers of our county. The marriage of Mr. Stubblefield and Miss Mary C., daughter of William and Nancy (Montgomery) Foust, occurred in September, 1875. Mrs. Stubblefield's parents were early pioneers of Missouri and are still living near Stockton, Cedar county, in that state. To Mr. And Mrs. Stubblefield there have been born ten children, as follows: Orpha, Omar, Ethel, Everett, Owen, Ralph, Nellie, Vera, an infant that died in 1896, Mary. Mr. Stubblefield has been for years laboring in the work of advancement in our county, has ever been in the vanguard of progress, manifesting those broad principles of public policy and views that are for the welfare of all, while his life of sagacity, and stanch worth has been an example for all, and to-day he holds the enviable position of one of the most substantial men of the county and one of our most progressive citizens. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 588, 589 Copyright 1902 JOHN W. THOMPSON JOHN W. THOMPSON. - It is always a pleasure to outline the career of an honest, upright and progressive man, who has left the more thickly settled portions of the country, pressing out into the regions of wildness to bring them under the sway of civilization's uplifting influences, spending, meanwhile, sturdy effort and drawing upon an exhaustless store of courage and determination to accomplish this worthy end and so we turn with zest to chronicle the events in the life of the capable and worthy citizen, whose name initiates this paragraph, since he has displayed qualities that are priceless, and manifested virtues and abilities that commend the admiration of all, while his straightforwardness and substantial and well rounded character have invited confidence that is not misplaced. John W. was born in Vermilion county, Indiana, on February 18, 1837, being the son of John E. and Elizabeth (Meyers) Thompson, natives respectively of Virginia and Maryland. Before coming to Vermilion county, the father had been occupied as a mechanic at Harper's Ferry. When the immediate subject of this sketch was one year of age, the parents removed to Scott county, Iowa, being the third family that settled there. The father bought land from the government and set to work to make a home from the wild prairies. He was favored with success and was numbered with the prominent men of the county, and there he was called from the labors of this world to the scenes beyond, the year being 1852. In 1888, the mother died in Nicollet county, Minnesota. Our subject remained at home until May 3, 1864, being twenty-seven years of age then. At that date he came to Utah and spent one winter in the territory and then repaired to Montana, Madison county, where he mined for five years. In the fall of 1870, he went to Walla Walla county, Washington, working there until 1880, in July of which year he came to Wallowa county and for eight years he traveled to different portions trapping and hunting. In the fall of 1888 he settled on his present place, fourteen miles above the bridge, taking a homestead. In addition he has secured eighty acres of timber land. He devotes his attention to raising stock, and success has crowned his efforts. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 625, 626 Copyright 1902 LEVI TULLEY LEVI TULLEY. - A man of prominence in Wallowa county, not in that he has been desirous of personal preferment in political times, but prominent in those qualities that make the real substantial and worthy citizen, the subject of this sketch is justly deserving of a generous representation in this history of his county, since he has labored long and faithfully for the building of the county and has gained and retains the esteem and confidence and gratitude of an appreciative and discriminating people. Mr. Tulley was born in Piatt county, Illinois, on March 2, 1840, his parents, Addison and Mary (Bailey) Tulley, being natives respectively of Ohio and Ireland. The father was a farmer in Illinois until the time of his demise. Our subject in company with his brother, went to southeastern Kansas, where they both took claims and set to work to make homes for themselves. They labored faithfully until the strife of civil war broke in all its sadness and fury on the country, and then the subject of this sketch was quick to leave the duties of the civilian and joined the Ninth Kansas Regiment of Volunteer Cavalry, his company being captained by Goss. This occurred in the fall of 1861, and from that time until the close of the strife he did faithful and valiant service. Most of the time he was in duty in the most disagreeable and dangerous section of the hostile country, namely, the border regions of Kansas, Missouri and Arkansas, being exposed not only to the hostilities of the war, but to those hateful and insidious jealousies that served the ends of personal animosity under the cover of the great blanket, war. He served under Blunt and Steel and in 1863, went into Arkansas, where at DuVoll's Bluff he was discharged from the service at the close of the conflict. At the time of his discharge he was quartermaster sergeant of Company F. In 1865, our subject and his brothers undertook the long and weary journey across the plains to the Pacific coast. They stopped in the Grande Ronde valley, and purchased farms and at once engaged in stock raising and farming. Here he lived until 1873, then came to Wallowa county, or the territory that is now embraced in Wallowa county. A few months after arriving here he took up a homestead, where his son now resides. He acquired title to more land from time to time and his estate now aggregates six hundred and seventy-five acres all told. He lives three miles southeast from Wallowa and still gives his attention to the oversight of his property and to raising stock, being one of the most prosperous stock handlers of the county. Mr. Tulley married Miss Alma J., daughter of A.H. and Elizabeth (Hodge) Stewart, on November 17, 1872, and to them have been born ten children: Lucien A.: Julia E., wife of Charles McDaniel, of Wallowa: Flora, deceased: Florence H., twin with Flora: Arthur E., Jesse E. Henry M., Cora O., Mable E., Stewart W., Florence H., is the wife of Charles Brown, of Wallowa. Mrs. Tulley's father was an early pioneer of the Grande Ronde valley and a prominent holder of real estate in both Union and Wallowa counties. Our subject is one of the prominent men of our county and has ever manifested that wisdom and integrity and ability that have insured the success that he now enjoys, while also he has won encomiums from his fellows and is admired by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page557 Copyright 1902 E. H. TULLEY E. H. TULLEY. - A pleasant task, indeed, it is to chronicle the outline of the career of the doughty pioneer and prominent citizen of Wallowa county, whose name initiates this paragraph, since in the affairs of the nation, when the fierce attacks of seceders were bringing consternation to all, and the western frontiers were laid open to the raids of marauding bands of savages, our subject played a prominent part in serving the country that he loved; since also in the noble work of the pioneer he has done a goodly share, and has done it well: and since in the affairs of his county he has ever been prominent, not fearing savage foe, nor the hateful attacks of unprincipled men, who would have brought upon the defenceless heads of the settlers, except for the daring acts of our subject, the cruel savages in war array. These things, with many others, which we regret that we have not the space to mention justly entitle Mr. Tulley to prominent mention in any volume that has to do with the history of Wallowa county. Mr. Tulley was born in Piatt county, Illinois, in 1838, and after eighteen years spent under the parental roof, he stepped out into the battlefield of life for himself. Going to Kansas, he remained a short time and returned to the place of his birth, and after a brief period there he again went to Kansas, where he was at the breaking out of the Civil war. He was at once stirred by a loyal and patriotic spirit to enter the service of the government and defend the flag. His fearless courage, excellent judgment, activity, and goodly store of information regarding the frontier ways and dangers, eminently fitted him for the position of scout and he was installed straightway in that place. Until the struggle ended he was in constant service, and left a record of which any man might be proud. His service was largely on the border and he was in all the terrible Missouri and Kansas difficulties. He was one who formed the company that routed Quantrell and his band of desperadoes from Lawrence after they had burned the city. He made a number of trips to Denver, Colorado, and in 1865, started on his seventh trip across the plains, this time having the determination to reach Oregon. He came with mule teams and settled in the Cove in Union county, purchasing one hundred and twenty acres, and also taking a government claim on Catherine creek of one hundred and sixty acres. He took up the combined occupation of tilling the soil and freighting until 1868, when he turned his attention to the mines above Baker and there operated for two years. Subsequent to this venture he went to southern California, and also to Arizona, returning, however, to Union county in 1872, and the same year he came into the territory that is now embraced in Wallowa county. In July of that year he came to the place where he now lives, three miles south from Wallowa. Taking a quarter, he purchased betimes until the estate is now of the generous proportions of six hundred and eighty acres. Here he has given his undivided attention to farming and stock raising and he has gained a plausible success, being to-day one of the leading men in the county in these industries, while in his personal standing he is one of the most prominent. Mr. Tulley was married in 1881 to Miss Bessie Lent, a native of Iowa, and to them have been born four children. Walter, Pearl, Clara, and Olive. During the Indian wars, Mr. Tulley was very active in the interests of the settlers and he did noble and intrepid service. Also in the matter of the separation of Wallowa county from Union he was a prominent figure. It is of note that Mr. Tulley was instrumental, in a very praiseworthy manner, in naming Whiskey creek. Some unprincipled men, who seemed to care little for life and death or the welfare of the laboring settlers, took a cargo of whiskey to deliver to the Indians. Hearing of it, Mr. Tulley at once knew the massacres that would follow the dastardly act, and he was quick to put into execution his determination. Being well acquainted in frontier ways and intimate with some friendly Indians, he, in company with others, repaired to the spot, laid the matter before these Indians, and in company with them as their leaders, he seized the whiskey, poured it into the creek, and thus averted an Indian outbreak. The creek has since been obliged to bear the name of Whiskey creek. Thus is kept fresh before us the base acts of beings unworthy the name of man, since they would have brought bloodshed, on the heads of the defenceless women and children, and also the heroic and noble deeds of those who, at the risks of their own lives, averted the danger and freed the settlers. Mr. Tulley is highly esteemed by his fellows and beloved by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 595, 596 Copyright 1902 JAMES A. TULLEY JAMES A. TULLEY - A leading property owner of Wallowa county, where he has labored long in the advancement of the same as well as many years in Union county, the subject of this sketch is eminently fitted to be represented in the volume with which we have now to do and in fact in any volume that undertakes to make mention of the leading men of our county. Having wrought in the western country for some years, Mr. Tulley has gained a measure of success that is gratifying while also he enjoys the distinction of being one of those who fought for the defense of the flat in the dark days of internal strife and bloodshed and carnage of war. James A. Tulley was born in 1845, in the county of Piatt, in the state of Illinois, his parents being Addison and Mary (Bailey) Tulley, who were married in Ohio, but came to Illinois and settled on a farm. At the early age of sixteen, James enlisted in Company F. Ninth Kansas Cavalry, and for eighteen months, he experienced what the hardships of war were and showed the ability that he possessed to do valiant and faithful service for his country. Immediately following this military career, he went at quieter occupations and then in 1865, came to the Grande Ronde valley. Leavenworth, Kansas, being the starting point for that journey, and mule teams the conveyance. He soon bought land near the Cove and turned his attention to raising stock, which occupation engrossed him until 1872, when he came to Wallowa county and took a pre-emption and homestead. To this he has since added by purchase until he has a fine estate of four hundred and thirty-four acres. In addition to this Mr. Tulley owns a good deal of town property and is at the present time residing in Wallowa. He has made a success of farming and raising stock and is prominent among his fellows as an intelligent and enterprising member of society and citizen of the county. Politically Mr. Tulley has always taken a part that manifests his interest in the welfare of the county. He was chosen by the people to act in the important office of county commissioner and with efficiency and faithfulness he discharged the duties incumbent upon him in that relation. In 1885 the marriage of Mr. Tulley and Miss Zelda McNess, a native of Iowa, was celebrated and they have been blessed by the birth of the following offspring: Clyde, deceased: Guy: Glenn, an infant that has died. Mr. Tulley is a member of the I.O.O.F., Lodge No. 154, in Wallowa. He is one of the progressive men of the county, intelligent, dominated by wisdom and sound principles, and actuated by a public spirit of broad views while he manifests excellent practical judgment in the affairs of life and is respected by all. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 608, 609 Copyright 1902 FRANK E. VAUGHAN FRANK E. VAUGHAN was born in Madison, Wisconsin, on August 6, 1865, being the son of Enoch G. and Roxie (Thompson) Vaughan, natives also of the Badger state, and tillers of the soil in the southern part of the state. In 1872 the parents with our subject removed to Nebraska, remaining there until 1881, during which time the son received his educational training in the public schools. In 1881 they took the long and weary trip overland to Wallowa county and sought out a home place in the Imnaha country, taking a preemption in the valley four and one-half miles below the bridge. He set to work raising stock and tilling the soil, continuing in the same until 1891, when he sold out and took up his present place, one quarter by homestead right, and purchasing as much more, which gives him an estate for general farming and stock raising. The parents have removed to Idaho, where they now reside. On December 22, 1890, Mr. Vaughan married Miss Mimie Adams, daughter of Abram and Mary (Brickel) Adams, and to this union there have been born three children, as follows: Nellie R.M., Ione and Floyd A. Mrs. Vaughan was born October 3, 1870, in Portage county, Wisconsin. Mr. Vaughan is a member of Imnaha Lodge, Modern Woodmen of America. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 568 Copyright 1902 HARRY N. VAUGHAN HARRY N. VAUGHAN. - No list of the stockmen and substantial citizens of Wallowa county would be complete without an especial mention of the enterprising young man whose name is at the head of this paragraph, since he has made an excellent success in the stock business, and since he has also the credit of being one of the earliest settlers and was one who broke sod first in the section of Imnaha, where he has wrought continuously until the present for the upbuilding of the county and its material progress. Harry N. Vaughan was born in Mower county, Minnesota, on January 4, 1865, being the son of Harmon B. and Eliza (Schofield) Vaughan. His father went to the west when he was three months old and his mother died when he was but one year and six months old. Then he went to live with Mr. and Mrs. J.F. Smith, an uncle and aunt. Mrs. Smith being a sister of his father. When Harry was nine years of age, his uncle removed to Nebraska, the southwestern portion, and there they remained until he was sixteen. At that time they removed to Pendleton, and there our subject took part in the various labors incident to frontier life, completing there also his educational training, after which he took up freighting. This last he did for the contractors who were building the O.R.&N. railroad over the Blue mountains. About this time, Mr. Vaughan made some excursions into the territory now embraced in Wallowa county and in 1883, he went to the vicinity of Imnaha and located on unsurveyed land. He gave his attention to farming and raising stock. To this latter he has devoted his talents since that time and now he is one of the leading men in skill in handling stock and producing paying dividends from them He has between three and four hundred cattle on the range, all being good grades of Shorthorns and Herefords. Mr. Vaughan disposed of his property on the Imnaha and is now located on the Snake river, where he has a fine homestead. He raises hay and handles his cattle on the range between the Imnaha and the Snake rivers. The country is so favorably situated that he utilizes the uplands for summer pasture and the lower lands for winter, thus being able to graze much of the year. Fraternally, Mr. Vaughan is affiliated with the M.W.A. of Imnaha and the A.O.U.W. of Joseph. In politics, he is a member of the Republican party and while not partisan especially, he manifests an intelligent interest in the questions of the day. His uncle, Mr. Joseph F. Smith, came to Wallowa county in 1884, and there engaged in stock raising until 1900, the time of his death. His widow is still living in the Imnaha country. Mr. Vaughan has never yet left the charms of the single life for the matrimonial sea. He is one of the substantial men of the section, respected by all and has done much for the advancement of the county, and it is with pleasure that we are enabled to grant him representation in its history. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 641 Copyright 1902 SAMUEL WADE SAMUEL WADE. - Few men have achieved a better success in Wallowa county, than the industrious and enterprising agriculturist and stockman, whose name appears at the head of this article. Mr. Wade came to the territory now embraced in the county in an early day and with the energy, sagacity, and sound practical judgment of which he is possessed so abundantly, he assiduously set to work to develop the resources here found and to add wealth to the county's assessment, while he prosecuted the industries above referred to. During these years that have since intervened he has steadily pursued his way and is now one of the prominent property owners and influential men of the county, while his excellent principles and moral virtues have rendered him esteemed and respected. In 1848 our subject was born in Virginia to George and Mary (Eakin) Wade, who were married, and lived in the Old Dominion state until 1850, in which year they migrated to Iowa. There they settled down to the life of the agriculturist and later the mother died and the father came to Summerville, in 1879. Our subject passed the years of his minority in the parental home in Iowa, gaining a good education from the common schools and learning the art of producing the fruits of the field, and how to skillfully handle stock. At the age of twenty-three, he commenced to operate for himself in the actions of life and first rented a farm, continuing in that line until 1873, then came west to the Grande Ronde valley. There he farmed for about four years and then, in 1878, came to Wallowa county taking a pre-emption and homestead three miles southeast from where Lostine now stands. With vigor and skill he set to the task of making a home from the raw prairie land, and the well tilled fields, good buildings, and skillfully handled farms that he now owns, all testify how well he has succeeded. To the original holding he added by purchase until his estate is eight hundred acres. Mr. Wade has given proper attention to general farming constantly, but he has devoted a great share of his efforts to raising cattle and horses. At the present time he has some fine cattle and a bunch of one hundred head of well bred Percheron horses. These horses are all fine ones and make a showing that may well excite the admiration of any lover of good stock, while their owner takes a pardonable pride in their excellencies. Mr. Wade has always been an ardent supporter of handling good stock and has done much for the introduction of the same into the county. In 1871 Mr. Wade married Miss Louisa, daughter of Hiram and Sarah (Robinson) Evans, and a native of Iowa. To them have been born four children as follows. Jennie, Maud, James, who was born on May1, 1881 and died on October 20, 1882, and Hiram S. Mr. Wade has made a commendable record during the time in which he has domiciled in our county, both in business success and in exemplication of those virtues of stanch manhood and patriotic citizenship. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 612, 613 Copyright 1902 WILLIAM HARDIN WEATHERS WILLIAM HARDIN WEATHERS. - One of the men who have wrought for the welfare of Wallowa county, as well as doing worthy enterprise for his advancement in the world of industry, is named at the head of this article, and we wish to mention that he is held in the esteem and confidence of his fellows, which his abilities and excellent moral qualities have given him both a prestige and standing that are enviable. William H. was born in Jasper county, Missouri, on August 15, 1849, being the son of John and Elizabeth (Selinger) Weathers. When he was five years of age he was taken by his parents to Falls county, Texas, where he was bereft of both parents, their remains sleeping in that section today. In 1862, when sad strife was being precipitated, our subject was with the people where he lived and as he thought was right so he enlisted in the Fifteenth Texas Infantry, Company E. and in that relation did service in the Confederate army until the close of the war and then he was honorably discharged. He had participated in several battles at Shreveport and numerous others, as well as many skirmishes. Subsequent to the war he was following industrial pursuits until 1869 and then on horseback, by cars and with stage he made the journey from the states to Lagrande, Oregon. He was occupied variously here until 1878, then was instrumental in fighting the Indians and acted as guard for the stage from Lagrande to Pendleton. At this time he was sent for stage horses, with one companion, and they were hard pressed by the savages who succeeded in capturing half of the bunch of horses that they had secured, but to escape with one's life was counted good. On January 19, 1879, Mr. Weathers married Miss Ida M., daughter of Thomas B. and Susan (McIndra) Heskett, and four children have gladdened this union. William C., Benjamin F., Robert L., and Mary E. Mrs. Weather's parents were early pioneers to the Grande Ronde valley, coming thither in 1862, from Wayne county, Iowa. The mother died in January, 1869, and the father died in 1902, near Island City. Mr. Weathers continued in the Grande Ronde valley until 1898, then he sought out his present place, one-half mile northeast from Leap, located one quarter section and commenced the commendable work of improvements. His farm has been well opened up: he has plenty of water, a good house and barn, young orchard and is laboring steadily in raising the fruits of the field and handling some stock. Mr. Weathers is well interested in the educational affairs of the county and is always on the side of advancement in this good cause, while he has the respect and esteem of all of his acquaintances. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 613, 614 Copyright 1902 J. T. WILLETT J. T. WILLETT. - Among those who have toiled and continuously wrought for the development of the resources of Wallowa county in the agricultural portion of the population, we may mention the capable and intelligent subject of this sketch, who has demonstrated in the years in which he has been domiciled in our county his fitness to be classed with the representative men of the county and to take rank among the leading ones whose names appear in this compendium of the builders and pioneers of Wallowa county. In Union county, Kentucky, on May 3, 1856, J.T. was born to James M. and Mattie (Compton) Willett, natives also of the Blue Grass state. The father was one of the leading merchants and farmers of that county, but in 1899 moved to Evansville, Indiana, where he has retired from business, although somewhat interested with his son-in-law in the mercantile world. In 1891 the mother died in the home place and she was buried at St. Vincent academy in the home county. In August, 1876, our subject then being twenty years of age, he stepped forth from the parental roof and entered into life's activities upon his own responsibility. He soon migrated to western Kansas and three years were there spent in farming. It was in the spring of 1880 that he left that state and came to Oregon, going first to the Willamette valley and for four months explored the country and then repaired to Umatilla county and there consumed three months. He was in Walla Walla, Washington, when the martyred Garfield fell. Finally he came to Wallowa county, the date being the fall of 1884, and here he found the place that he sought, taking a homestead three miles southeast from Wallowa. He at once set to work with his characteristic energy and enterprise to make a home and one of the good farms of the county, and to-day we may say with assurance that he has accomplished these worthy ends in a commendable manner, and he stands as one of the substantial and influential citizens of Wallowa county, for which he has assiduously labored since its organization. In the fall of 1879, in the state of Kansas, Mr. Willett married Miss Chatie Pickett, and to them have been born the following named children. Leslie, George, Maggie and Mabel. Mrs. Willett was born in Cass county, Michigan, on February 18, 1861, being the daughter of the late Elder George Pickett and Margaret (Irwin) Pickett, also pioneers of Wallowa county. Mr Pickett passed away at his home near Wallowa, in 1894, after having labored for thirteen years, both to build up the cause of religion in Wallowa county and a home of comfort for his family. Mrs. Pickett now resides in Wallowa. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 630 Copyright 1902 SELDEN P. WILLIAMS SELDEN P. WILLIAMS. - A record of the prominent and influential men of Wallowa county would be open to criticism were there omission to incorporate therein the name of the esteemed subject of this sketch, who has shown marked vigor and enterprise, in manipulating the affairs of business that have to his hand, while he has ever pursued the even tenor of his way with all the stable qualities of worth that are manifested by him constantly, being one of the most substantial and capable men of the county at the present time. Mr. Williams was born in Johnson county, Missouri, on January 18, 1858, being the son of Oliver D. and Margaret (Houx) Williams, natives of New York and Missouri, respectively. In the memorable exodus of 1849, the father found his way to California, whence he returned to Johnson county, Missouri, and was there numbered with the progressive agriculturists. His remains rest at Warrensburg, in Johnson county, Now. At the age of nineteen our subject went to Colorado, having gained a good education from the common schools before that time, and in that western territory and in Texas, worked for five years in the cattle business, learning it in all of its departments and gaining a knowledge that has been of great benefit in later years. Returning from this trip to his native place, he spent some time in charge of the old home place, then took a trip through southern Missouri and the state of Arkansas, seeking a place for settlement. Finding nothing to suit, he determined to try the west and accordingly in January, 1889, he came to Enterprise, remaining there until the next summer. From here he went to John Day county and bought a farm, where he remained until June, 1890, then sold out and returned to Wallowa county, renting for one year the farm of G.L. Reaviss. The next year he bought his present place five miles southeast from Joseph on Prairie creek. He now owns four hundred and eighty acres and is engaged in general farming and in raising stock. On October 18, 1882, Mr. Williams married Miss Mary A., daughter of John and Isabelle (Dudhope) Deloney, natives respectively of Kentucky and Scotland. The nuptials occurred in Johnson county, Missouri, and one child has been born to bless the union, Robert H., born in Johnson county, Missouri, December 17, 1884. Mrs. Williams was born in Morgan county, Illinois, on October 1, 1859. Mr. Williams is a loyal, patriotic and capable citizen of Wallowa county, and has done his share in the noble work of developing the resources in a proper and becoming manner, while he has won the admiration and confidence of all who know him. He takes a great interest in political matters, and is a Democrat. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Copyright 1902 Page 645 JAMES WILSON JAMES WILSON. - A man who has fought his country's battles in two wars, manifesting in it all a courage never excelled and rarely equaled, constant in all kinds of frontier and seafaring life for many years, a pioneer to this valley and one of the most intrepid and daring men in Wallowa county, facing the bloodthirsty savages in the time of their war here, the subject of this sketch is eminently fitted to appear in honorable mention in any history of the county or of the northwest, and it is with pleasure that we grant him space in our volume. James Wilson was born in Schenectady, New York, on February 14, 1824, where he was left an orphan at an early age. At the tender age of ten years he went aboard a ship, took up a seafaring life, and during this career he visited most of the islands in the Pacific, doubled Cape Horn five times, each time consuming six months, and was familiar with the eastern coast of the United States. He served on a whaling ship and was in the United States navy for some time. He was in San Francisco when the city comprised one blacksmith shop, one grocery store, one saloon and one boarding house. At the time of the Mexican war he enlisted in the navy and served three years, being honorably discharged at Norfolk, Virginia. Soon after this he went to sea again, repairing to San Francisco in 1849 by way of the Horn. He was soon in the front ranks of the miners on Yuba river, where flour was forty dollars a sack and the luxury of chewing tobacco cost one dollar and fifty cents per pound. In 1851 he returned to New York by the Horn and soon after came to California over the same route and followed his trade of blacksmithing in different parts of California and Arizona. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in Company A, First California Cavalry, as farrier of the company, and he served sixteen months and received honorable discharge. Following the war he went to the mines, engaging in blacksmithing and mining until 1875, when he came through the Grande Ronde valley on to the Wallowa valley. There were only twenty persons all told here when he came and so he is one of the first settlers, and surely one of the most doughty pioneers that ever set foot on Oregon soil. During the Indian trouble he and several others remained in the valley alone, the rest fleeing to places of safety. Howbeit, the redskins did not attack him. He took a homestead and improved it, giving also attention to blacksmithing. He has now retired and is living in Wallowa, where he spends the golden years of life in enjoyment of the well earned portion that is his, while also in the confidence of his fellows he is secure, and is widely known throughout the county and beloved by all, both for the good labors that he has done and because of the stanch qualities that he possesses. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 620, 621 Copyright 1902 R. G. WINSTON R. G. WINSTON. - Many of the substantial and thrifty citizens of this western county of Wallowa have come from the east as is the case in many of the other adjacent counties, and here these pioneers have found a home, while they have taken hold of the resources given by nature and have wrought out wealth and the comforts of civilization. Notable among this number is the esteemed and genial citizen whose name is at the head of this paragraph and to whom we are pleased to accord a representation in the history of our county, since he has labored here from the early days of its existence and has materially augmented its wealth, while he has ever lifted his voice and vote for those principles that are wholesome and upright. Mr. Winston was born in Taylor county, Kentucky, in 1835, and there spent the days of his minority, starting for himself when he was twenty-one years of age. He followed farming in Shelby county, Missouri, until 1882, and then determined to visit the western country and see its opportunities and prospects. He landed first in the Walla Walla valley, near Milton, and there and in the vicinity spent two years coming to Wallowa county in 1884. Immediately upon looking over the country here he took a homestead, the property being located twenty miles northeast from Joseph. He engaged in stock-raising and prosperity attended his efforts because of his thrift, industry and good, practical management, and he came to be one of the opulent stockmen of the county. Five years since he removed to a fine residence that he owns in the suburbs of Joseph, both to give better school facilities for his children and also to enjoy the fruits of his labor that his energy and ability have accumulated. Mr. Winston was married in 1856, Miss Mary Caroll becoming his wife at that time. She was a native of Missouri and bore to her husband one child, Joseph. In 1862 Mrs. Winston was called to pass the river of death, her remains being buried in the Boston chapel, in Shelby county, Missouri. In 1865 Mr. Winston contracted a second marriage, Miss Angelety Caroll becoming his bride this time, she also a native of Missouri. To this union there have been born the following children, Dora, John W., Lizzie, Frank, Thomas, Jessie, Edward, James and Louis, who died in 1869 and was buried in Shelby county, Missouri. Mr. Winston is a genial, upright and enterprising citizen, who carried the esteem and confidence of all of his fellows, and is a valuable and talented member of society, being especially endowed with that practical judgment and keen foresight which are so essential to success in the affairs of men. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 599, 600 Copyright 1902 WERNER A. WRENN WERNER A. WRENN. - Among the agriculturists and business men of Wallowa county, the subject of this sketch stands as a leader, having manifested capabilities that justly entitle him to that position, while also he possesses an adaptability and perseverance coupled with energy, that have enabled him to handle large interests and manipulate them in a manner that brings success, while also his characteristic integrity and stanch principles of truth and uprightness have given him a prestige enviable and commendable. Mr. Wrenn was born in Benton county, Oregon, on March 3, 1866, being the son of John and Elizabeth (Watt) Wrenn, natives respectively of Virginia and Missouri. The father was a contractor and builder and migrated via Cape Horn in the days of "Forty-nine" to California, whence in 1851 he came to Portland and engaged there in contracting and building, continuing in the same line for five years. He build the county court house at Corvallis and in 1870 went to Linn county and purchased a farm, devoting his attention to agriculture until the time of his death in August, 1881. The mother died in 1887 and side by side they sleep awaiting the resurrection morn, the Oakville cemetery being the spot of their repose. In 1882 our subject migrated to Crook county and took part in handling and raising stock, giving also some attention to farming. In 1887 he took a pre-emption in that county. Soon after that date he came to Wallowa county on a trip of exploration and in 1889 he came here to reside, having sold his interests in Crook county. He entered the employ Wurzweiler Brothers, general merchants of Joseph, as salesman, in 1891. In 1897 he went to Portland and sailed for Klondike on "The Elder," leaving dock there in July of that year. He landed at Dyea and returned here in the fall. In the spring of 1898 he went to Dawson and was on the first boat that went through the White Horse rapids. In the fall of that year he opened a mercantile and transportation business in Dawson in company with James A. Rouse. He continued in that business until the fall of1900 and then sold to his partner and returned to Wallowa county. He purchased a farm four and one-half miles north from Joseph and settled down. He has one of the finest rural dwellings in the county and his farm is equal to the very best, both for fertility and excellent culture. In addition to this farm he owns a homestead on the Imnaha, taken in 1895, also owns with his brother one-half section three and one-half miles northwest from Joseph. On September 24, 1900, Mr. Wrenn married Miss Mable, daughter of Dr. J.W. and Jennie (Yerkes) Barnard, natives of Canada. Dr. Barnard has practiced in Joseph since 1891 and also owns a drug store there. To our subject and his estimable wife there have been born one child, John Barnard, born September 18, 1901. It is very interesting to note that Miss Barnard went to Skagway to attend her wedding and the trip home was the bridal tour. Mr. Wrenn is esteemed as one of the prominent men of the county and he stands well wherever he is known, being one of the popular residents here. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa County Page 648, 649 Copyright 1902 DAVID M. YOUNG DAVID M. YOUNG. - One of the worthy pioneers who have labored for the development and progress of the western country is named at the head of this article and it is with pleasure that we are enabled to accord to him a representation in this volume that chronicles the history of our county, since he has been instrumental in building up the same and while so doing as well as heretofore he has manifested remarkable sagacity and energy together with other ability, while his integrity and moral qualities have shown throughout. David M. was born on October 15, 1843, in Harrison county, Missouri, being the son of John and Mary A. (Underwood) Young. He remained with his parents from that date until 1865, receiving a good education from the common schools, and gaining invigorating exercise from the farm, walking the path of the dutiful and obedient son. At the date last named his adventurous spirit led him to turn that wound its weary course across the plains and over the mountains, landing them at last in the Willamette valley, having completed the entire journey without serious accident and in seven months. The next eight months were consumed in working on a farm near Portland. In 1868 our subject left the Willamette valley and repaired to the Grande Ronde valley, where he followed farming and stockraising most of the time until 1888, then came to his present home six miles northwest from Enterprise. He selected a piece of land and entered a government right and settled down to build a home, manifesting faithfulness, industry and thrift, and he has wrought out an excellent farm, well improved with good buildings and fences and so forth. It is supplied with abundance of water and he has excellent crops as reward for his industry. He also owns a large band of cattle and horses. Mr. Young displays the interest of the intelligent and enterprising citizen in educational affairs and in the political matters of the county. David M. Young and Julia, daughter of James and Mary Parker, were married in January, 1877, and they have become the parents of the following children: Elmer: Mary L., wife of Lem Graham, near paradise: Dora E.: Arlie: Francis: Ray, deceased: Ida: Curtis: and earl. Mrs. Young's parents were among the earliest pioneers of the state and now reside in the Grande Ronde valley. Mr. Young is a member of the I.O.O.F. Lodge No. 153, of Enterprise. He is one of the citizens of Wallowa county who have wrought nobly here for the advancement of the interests of all, and there is none who stands better in the esteem and respect of his fellows than the subject of this sketch, whose integrity, uprightness, sound principles and sagacity have led him in the path of the typical citizen and the true and noble man. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 559 Copyright 1902 CHARLES H. ZURCHER CHARLES H. ZURCHER. - It is ample cause for joy, that the places of the worthy pioneers who have done such a noble work in these sections, are being, as they drop out one by one and go hence to their final rewards, filled with young men of courage and ambition and ability, and whose desire is to build super structures on the foundations so well laid by these frontiersmen, that will in every way do credit to the stanch predecessors, and as the age advances will keep pace with the rapid march of civilization. The subject of this sketch is a gentleman whose life has been filled with commendable activities and whose abilities have been brought into requisition by a discerning and discriminating constituency, and be it said to his credit that the confidence and hopes reposed in his integrity and ability are being fulfilled in a measure that is gratifying. The Buckeye state is the birthplace of Mr. Zurcher, Cadiz being his native town, and September 10, 1875, the time of his advent into this life. His parents came to this county in 1884, and he accompanied them hither. He was well educated in the home state and here when the time came for him to take up the duties of life he was engaged as bookkeeper in the M. & M. store in Enterprise, which position he held for ten years, which speaks volumes for his efficiency and faithfulness. In 1900 the people of the county rewarded this faithfulness by nominating him for county clerk on the Republican ticket and then promptly electing him to discharge these important duties. In this capacity, we find him laboring at the present time fulfilling the hopes for his success and guarding sacredly the confidence reposed in him. In 1901 Mr. Zurcher and Miss Tilla B. daughter of H. and Susan (Wise) best, were joined in the holy bonds of matrimony. Fraternally, Mr. Zurcher is affiliated with the Masons with the Eastern Star, Wallowa Valley Chapter No. 50, and with the Maccabees, Joseph Tent, No. 35. Mrs. Zurcher is identified with the Rebekahs of Enterprise. Mr. Zurcher is fortunate in that he has the entire confidence of the people of his county, and his life has been such that he is worthy of all that is bestowed upon him. His views are optimistic, being of a broad minded public spirit, and his achievements are worthy and ordered by a wisdom that is becomingly set in the vigor of youth, and if the future may be presaged by the past, we are safe in predicting a career of unbounded success for the subject of this sketch. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 589, 590 Copyright 1902 JOHN ZURCHER JOHN ZURCHER. - That stanch little republic whose spirit has made her presence felt in all of the countries of Europe, has furnished many enterprising citizens of this country, and among them we wish to mention the esteemed gentleman, whose name initiates this paragraph, and who has demonstrated his loyalty and sterling qualities in that, when the call came for the sons of liberty to defend the flag, he at once left the walks of domestic life and plunged into the carnage of battle, where for the entire term of the Civil war he was foremost and at the post of duty, both in camp service and when the stern realities called for blood to be shed. Of such it is ever a pleasure to be highly prized, to be allowed to review though in brief: the deeply interesting points of their careers. In the village of Wimmis, Canton of Bern, Switzerland, John Zurcher was born, October 19,1837, and in 1852 he came to this country with his parents, who settled in Ohio, remaining there until the time of their death, and their remains lie buried at New Philadelphia in that state today. At the age of eighteen our subject entered the apprenticeship to a carriage maker in New Philadelphia, and for three years he wrought steadily in this capacity, mastering the intricacies of the trade in every department. When the Civil war broke out he was among the first to offer his services, enlisting in the Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company I, in August, 1861. For three years, in all of the arduous, painful and wearing duties of war, he served with a faithfulness and intrepidity and valor that stamped him as made of the qualities that produce the patriot and the champion of liberty. In the fall of 1862 he was wounded at the battle of South Mountains, in Maryland, being discharged some two months later, but as soon as his wounds were sufficiently healed to warrant it he re-enlisted and was again in the field and there continued until the close of the war, being mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, in August 1865. Laying down the implements of strife he repaired to his old home in Ohio and quietly went to work at his trade in Cadiz, Ohio, laboring steadily at it in that town and others of the state until 1881, when he came to Butte, Montana, and for one year wrought at his craft there, then migrated to Wallowa county, settling on Alder slope, taking up the land on which Enterprise is now situated, and giving his attention to farming and working at his trade. In 1870 Mr. Zurcher was married to Miss Helen Hogan, a native of Scotland, whose parents came to the United States about 1853 and settled in Ohio. To this union have been born the following children: Susannah Agnes, now Mrs. George Holmes, of Cove, Union county: an infant that died when three weeks of age: Helen, wife of F.A. Clarke, of Enterprise: Charles, county clerk of Wallowa county: John, deceased at the age of nineteen: James, at the agricultural college: William, clerk in the F.M.M.Co. store: an infant that died at Alder: Mary. - nine in all. Mr. Zurcher is one of the most enterprising citizens of the county and is ever on record for those things that are for real advancement and progress, having ever manifested capabilities that are marked and worthy, while his integrity and unsullied reputation bespeak a walk and demeanor that are both upright and commendable. He is a prominent member of the G.A.R. post at Enterprise, and is universally beloved and esteemed both for his own estimable qualities and for the kindly manner in which he is a true neighbor and capable citizen. Illustrated History of Union and Wallowa Counties Page 586, 587 Copyright 1902